RESUMO
The collembolan family Entomobryidae, one of the most numerous, diverse and widely distributed, was recently reviewed in a work that integrated molecular and morphological characters. The new classification includes seven subfamilies, one of which, Nothobryinae, is characterized by the presence of PAO, falcate mucro and a few chaetae on the trochanteral organ. This subfamily is composed of only three genera: Capbrya Barra, 1999 from South Africa, Hispanobrya Jordana & Baquero, 2005 from Spain and Nothobrya Arlé, 1961 from Brazil. Nothobrya (type species N. schubarti , described from the state of Pernambuco) remained monospecific for about half a century, when samples taken from urban areas of Rio de Janeiro city revealed its first record for the Brazilian Southeast. This new species, Nothobrya arlei sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on differences related to trochanteral organ, unguis, tenent hair shape and chateae on tenaculum. In this paper, characteristics of the macrochaetotaxy, sensillar and microsensillar sets and ventral tube chaetotaxy are provided, as well as a table with comparisons of Nothobrya species.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Áreas Alagadas , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The collembolan family Entomobryidae, one of the most numerous, diverse and widely distributed, was recently reviewed in a work that integrated molecular and morphological characters. The new classification includes seven subfamilies, one of which, Nothobryinae, is characterized by the presence of PAO, falcate mucro and a few chaetae on the trochanteral organ. This subfamily is composed of only three genera: Capbrya Barra, 1999 from South Africa, Hispanobrya Jordana & Baquero, 2005 from Spain and Nothobrya Arlé, 1961 from Brazil. Nothobrya (type species N. schubarti , described from the state of Pernambuco) remained monospecific for about half a century, when samples taken from urban areas of Rio de Janeiro city revealed its first record for the Brazilian Southeast. This new species, Nothobrya arlei sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on differences related to trochanteral organ, unguis, tenent hair shape and chateae on tenaculum. In this paper, characteristics of the macrochaetotaxy, sensillar and microsensillar sets and ventral tube chaetotaxy are provided, as well as a table with comparisons of Nothobrya species.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da Espécie , Áreas AlagadasRESUMO
A new species of Isotomiella from Pará State is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the digitata group, but differs from other by the number of chaetae on manubrium and dens, teeth on the tenaculum and size of the sensilla on abdominal tergites V-VI.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Campylothorax viruaensis sp. nov., a new species of paronellid springtail from the Amazon Rainforest, state of Roraima, Brazil, is herein described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by: pale yellow body with dark blue pigment on abdomen III and IV; dorsal chaetotaxy presenting S5i macrochaeta on head, mesothorax with 6-8 macrochaetae in p1-4 complex; A5 as macro or microchaeta on abdomen IV; collophore anterior side with 4+4 anterior long chaetae; and mucro with five teeth. Other characteristics usually omitted in traditional descriptions for the genus are presented such as morphology of apical region of third and fourth antennal segments, labial papillae, chaetotaxy of subcoxae, collophore, abdomen V and ventral region of head. Trunk specialized chaetae (S-chaetae) are also presented. Campylothorax viruaensis sp. nov. is the fourth record of Campylothorax from Brazil, the second from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest and the first from the state of Roraima.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A new species of Isotomiella from Pará State is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the digitata group, but differs from other by the number of chaetae on manubrium and dens, teeth on the tenaculum and size of the sensilla on abdominal tergites V-VI.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Campylothorax viruaensis sp. nov., a new species of paronellid springtail from the Amazon Rainforest, state of Roraima, Brazil, is herein described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by: pale yellow body with dark blue pigment on abdomen III and IV; dorsal chaetotaxy presenting S5i macrochaeta on head, mesothorax with 6-8 macrochaetae in p1-4 complex; A5 as macro or microchaeta on abdomen IV; collophore anterior side with 4+4 anterior long chaetae; and mucro with five teeth. Other characteristics usually omitted in traditional descriptions for the genus are presented such as morphology of apical region of third and fourth antennal segments, labial papillae, chaetotaxy of subcoxae, collophore, abdomen V and ventral region of head. Trunk specialized chaetae (S-chaetae) are also presented. Campylothorax viruaensis sp. nov. is the fourth record of Campylothorax from Brazil, the second from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest and the first from the state of Roraima.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A new species belonging to the schizomid genus Piaroa Villarreal, Giupponi and Tourinho, 2008 is described from north-western Venezuela. A complementary description of Piaroa guipongai Villarreal and Garcia, 2012 is provided including SEM pictures of relevant structures of both sexes. A key for males of Piaroa and Colombiazomus Armas and Delgado-Santa, 2012 is included. The presence of Dm3 setae on Hubbardiidae is discussed.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Animais , Artrópodes/fisiologia , Demografia , Feminino , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie , VenezuelaRESUMO
The knowledge of the process of egg formation is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms involved in the reproduction of different species. In this context, the objective of this work was to describe the ultrastructure of the oocytes of Urostreptus atrobrunneus (Spirostreptida), a potential plague of urban centers in different locations of São Paulo State. The lack of knowledge about the morphology, physiology, and the reproductive behavior of the species have hindered an effective control of it. The oocytes of U. atrobrunneus presented three development stages: young oocyte or type I; intermediary oocyte or type II; and mature oocyte or type III. During the oocyte development, the cytoplasm become filled with several globules of protein, drops of lipids, and sphaerocrystals, and it was not observed in many organelles in the oocytes with exception of mitochondria, abundant, principally in young oocytes. The vitelline membrane is also deposited in a discontinuous form and the chorion does not present differentiation of layers. The follicular epithelium alters its shape according to the development phase of the oocyte. Part of the vitellus is from exogenous origin and part is endogenous. Before this, only two studies about the ultrastructural analysis of the female germ cells of diplopods were published.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Oócitos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Artrópodes/fisiologia , Brasil , Feminino , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Morphological studies have been performed in invertebrates to elucidate cellular and/or tissue damage caused by environmental contamination. In present work, the exposure to industrial soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals led to histological alterations in the midgut of Rhinocricus padbergi (Diplopoda). The following alterations were observed: increase of cytoplasmic granules in the fat body; increase in the number of regions of the epithelium in the process of renewal; increase in the number of hemocytes present among the cells of the fat body and degenerative changes in the midgut epithelium. Based on the results, we concluded that R. padbergi proved to be an excellent bioindicator for the evaluation of soil quality. The observed changes could be used as biomarkers for assessing sublethal effects of contaminated soils.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Resíduos Industriais , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Animais , Artrópodes/metabolismo , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Biomarcadores/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Corpo Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Adiposo/metabolismo , Corpo Adiposo/ultraestrutura , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/ultraestrutura , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/farmacocinética , Medição de Risco/métodos , Poluentes do Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/farmacocinética , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The three-dimensional technique applied to the salivary gland of the millipides Rhinocricus padbergi showed that it is a single structure, dorsolaterally located to the animal gut and composed of two distinct portion: an acinar and a tubular one. The last one opening onto the oral cavity. This work shows that the salivary gland in R. padbergi, although is a single body, it displays two excretory ducts (one in each side of the anterior end of the gut) which has the function of carrying out the secretion produced toward to the oral cavity, contrary to the anterior data registered by other authors who suggested that the salivary gland in diplopod animals would be a paired structures.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Imageamento Tridimensional , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Glândulas Salivares/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The genua Roquettea Mello-Leitão, hitherto monotypic and known from Brazilian state of Pará, is rediagnosed, the type species, Roquettea singularis is redescribed, including a report on two male morphs, being the second record of male polymorphism in Cosmetidae, the first in South America. Three new species are described from northern Brazil - Roquettea taurine n. sp. (which possesses a unique horned ocularium) and Roquettea jalapensis n. sp. (without notable scutal structures), both from the state of Tocantins, being the first record of the family Cosmetidae from Tocantins; and Roquettea scrotalis n. sp. (with a unique 2-balled dorsal tuberous complex) from Amapá state, being the first record of the subfamily Discosomaticinae from Amapá. Roquettea is compared to the closely related genus Gryne, both currently placed in Discosomaticinae, and also to Profus, the type genus of the subfamily. The unity of Discosomaticinae is discussed, and evidence for the monophyly of this subfamily is weak at best. Male genitalia are for the first time illustrated and described for genera Protus, Roquettea and Gryne, and SEM micrographs are used for the first time in descriptions of Cosmetidae.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Animais , Ecossistema , Feminino , Especiação Genética , Masculino , Microscopia AcústicaRESUMO
Morphological, histological and histochemical characterizations of the venom apparatus of the centapede, S. valida have been investigated. The venom apparatus of Scolopendra valida consists of a pair of maxillipedes and venom glands situated anteriorly in the prosoma on either side of the first segment of the body. Each venom gland is continuous with a hollow tubular claw possessing a sharp tip and subterminal pore located on the outer curvature. The glandular epithelium is folded and consists of a mass of secretory epithelium, covered by a sheath of striated muscles. The secretory epithelium consists of high columnar venom-producing cells having dense cytoplasmic venom granules. The glandular canal lacks musculature and is lined with chitinous internal layer and simple cuboidal epithelium. The histochemical results indicate that the venom-producing cells of both glands elaborate glycosaminoglycan, acid mucosubstances, certain amino acids and proteins, but are devoid of glycogen. The structure and secretions of centipede venom glands are discussed within the context of the present results.
Fueron investigadas las características morfológicas, histológicas e histoquímicas del aparato venenoso del ciempiés, S. valida. El aparato venenoso de Scolopendra valida consta de un par de maxilopodos y glándulas de veneno situadas anteriormente en el prosoma, a cada lado del primer segmento del cuerpo. Cada glándula de veneno se continúa en una garra con una cavidad tubular que posee una punta afilada y un poro subterminal situado sobre la curvatura externa. El epitelio glandular es plegado y se compone de una masa de epitelio secretor, cubierto por una vaina de los músculos estriados. El epitelio secretor consiste en células columnares altas productoras de veneno con gránulos citoplasmáticos de veneno densos. El conducto glandular carece de musculatura y está revestido por capa interna quitinosa y epitelio cuboidal simple. Los resultados histoquímicos indican que las células productoras de veneno de ambas glándulas elaboran glucosaminoglucanos mucosustancias ácidas, ciertos aminoácidos y proteínas, pero carecen de glucógeno. La estructura y las secreciones de las glándulas de veneno del ciempiés son examinadas en el contexto de los presentes resultados.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/metabolismo , Venenos de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Venenos de Artrópodes/química , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Histocitoquímica , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
The mature testicular vesicles of the species Pseudonannolene tocaiensis have three portions: a peripheral portion; a central portion that is typically secretory and between these two an intermediary portion, a lumen filled with spermatozoa. Both secretory and peripheral portions present the same type of cells. The ultrastructural analysis of the peripheral portion suggests it is involved in hormone synthesis. The secretory portion probably contributes to the production of spermatic fluid, compensating for the absence of male accessory glands in this species.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Testículo/ultraestrutura , Animais , MasculinoRESUMO
The midgut epithelium of the milipede Rhinocricus padbergi has been reported to be stratified or pseudostratified, and there is evidence that this region of the intestine is lined by a single layer of absorptive epithelial cells interspersed with smaller regenerative cells. In this work, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the structure and organization of the midgut of R. padbergi. The midgut was lined by a pseudostratified epithelium in which all of the cells were in contact with the basement membrane but did not necessarily reach the apical surface. The epithelium contained three cells types, namely, absorptive cells with apical microvilli that gave the midgut epithelium a "brush border" appearance, secretory cells that were interspersed with the absorptive cells and probably served to lubricate the epithelial surface, and regenerative cells located in the basal region of the epithelium. This organization of the gut cells in R. padbergi was similar to that of other arthropodes.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Intestinos , Artrópodes/citologia , EpitélioRESUMO
The antennae of millipedes (Diplopoda) have an important role in detecting various types of enviromental stimuli. The structural organization of the antennae is closely related to the degree of sensorial perception. The antennae generally consist of eight segments, the most distal (apical) of which characteristically contains four cone-shaped sensilla. In this paper, we describe the external morphology of the antennae of the diplod Rhinocricus padbergi. Antennae from anesthetized mael and female millipedes were fixed in Karnovsky solution and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Intraspecific variation was observed in the number of apical cones (13-18) in segment VIII. This number of cones differed from that usually found (4) in other millipedes species. Segments I, II and III lacked sensilla while the remaining segments had different types of sensilla, including trichoidea, chaetica and basiconica. The presence of the latter types of sensilla suggests that R. padbergiantennae have chemoreceptor, mechanoreceptor and thermal/ hygrosensitive functions, respectively.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Oniscus asellus , Artrópodes/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Slide-mounted material of the pentastomid parasite Diesingia megastoma (Diesing, 1836) Sambon, 1922 from the South American chelonian Hydromedusa tectifera Cope is reviewed and the perfunctory, often omissive, description of the species is amended. The strong morphological similarities between D. megastoma and the crocodilian and chelonian pentastome genera of the family Sebekiidae Sambon, 1922, Alofia Giglioli, 1922, Selfia Riley, 1994, Sebekia Sambon, 1922, Agema Riley, Hill & Huchzermeyer, 1997, Leiperia Sambon, 1922 and Pelonia Junker & Boomker, 2002, clearly place Diesingia Sambon, 1922 within the same family. However, the unique combination of its main diagnostic criteria makes Diesingia a distinct genus. The absence of an elaborate, flared cirrus-tip in D. megastoma distinguishes it from Leiperia, while emphasizing its similarity to the remaining genera mentioned above. D. megastoma resembles Alofia in that it possesses smooth, flat-topped hooks and an anteriorly open oral cadre with an oesophageal peg. The copulatory spicules of Diesingia, however, lack the double-hooked collar, typical for Alofia and Selfia. Unlike the peg-like extension of the fulcra of the hooks of Sebekia, that of D. megastoma is cowl-like and carries spines only on the anterior fulcra. Moreover, the hooks of Sebekia are usually convex and spinose and the ovoid oral cadre is closed anteriorly. Diesingia differs from Pelonia through the latter's smooth but dorsally convex and extension-free hooks. The copulatory spicules of Pelonia and Agema are reminiscent of the basic build found in Sebekia, whereas in D. megastoma the short, ventral extension of the cowry shell-shaped base of the copulatory spicules has been transformed into a structure resembling the collembolan fulcrum. The latter is connected to the base via a joint, a configuration which is unique in the Sebekiidae.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Brasil , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
The fat body of the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi is located in two preferential areas of its body: a) immediately below the tegument, denominated parietal, and b) filling the body cavity, close to the viscera, mainly the ovaries and alimentary canal, denominated perivisceral. Ultrastructurally, its cells, the adipocytes, presented varied morphology and contained organelles indicating that they are cells that mainly produce and store lipids and proteins. The presence of cells similar to the oenocytes found in insects was observed for the first time in diplopods, associated to the fat body of R. padbergi. Our observations suggest that this tissue probably maintains activity cycles, since the presence of cells undergoing apoptosis was detected.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Corpo Adiposo/ultraestrutura , Animais , Artrópodes/citologiaRESUMO
The fat body of the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi is located in two preferential areas of its body: a) immediately below the tegument, denominated parietal, and b) filling the body cavity, close to the viscera, mainly the ovaries and alimentary canal, denominated perivisceral. Ultrastructurally, its cells, the adipocytes, presented varied morphology and contained organelles indicating that they are cells that mainly produce and store lipids and proteins. The presence of cells similar to the oenocytes found in insects was observed for the first time in diplopods, associated to the fat body of R. padbergi. Our observations suggest that this tissue probably maintains activity cycles, since the presence of cells undergoing apoptosis was detected.
Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/ultraestrutura , Corpo Adiposo , Artrópodes/citologiaRESUMO
The fat body of the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi is located in two preferential areas of its body: a) immediately below the tegument, denominated parietal, and b) filling the body cavity, close to the viscera, mainly the ovaries and alimentary canal, denominated perivisceral. Ultrastructurally, its cells, the adipocytes, presented varied morphology and contained organelles indicating that they are cells that mainly produce and store lipids and proteins. The presence of cells similar to the oenocytes found in insects was observed for the first time in diplopods, associated to the fat body of R. padbergi. Our observations suggest that this tissue probably maintains activity cycles, since the presence of cells undergoing apoptosis was detected.(AU)