RESUMO
Em 20 pacientes com arterite periferica foram investigadas 1) a presenca do agente etiologico nos vasos pertencentes as areas isquemicas, 2) a relacao entre o tempo de instalacao e de evolucao das lesoes cutaneas e de extremidades e o processo infeccioso, e 3) a conveniencia da anticoagulacao terapeutica. Dez pacientes eram portadores de doenca meningococica com hemocultura positiva para Neisseria meningitidis. Indetificou-se a presenca de meningococo em vasos das areas isquemico-necroticas, atraves de microscopia eletronica. As lesoes cutaneas tiveram instalacao e evolucao rapidas e no momento do diagnostico clinico da infeccao meningococia, elas ja eram irreversiveis. Por isso, considerou-se que a anticoagulacao terapeutica nao seria eficiente. Cinco pacientes tinham infeccao pulmonar ou gastrointestinal. Nao se encontrou microrganismos nos vasos das areas lesadas. As lesoes cutaneas tiveram instalacao e evolucao ao longo de dois a seis dias apos o momento do diagnostico clinico do quadro infeccioso. Por isso, considerou-se conveniente a heparinizacao visando bloquear o alastramento de coagulacao intravascular secundaria a vasculite disseminada. Cinco pacientes tiveram possivel arterite de sensibilizacao pos-estreptococica (tres) e arterite de sensibilizacao pos-sarampo (dois). Nao se identificou microrganismo nos vasos das areas lesadas. As lesoes cutaneas e de extremidades instalaram-se cinco a 21 dias apos resolucao clinica da infeccao pregressa e evoluiram ate a forma definitiva por um periodo de um a quatro dias. considerou-se conveniente iniciar a heparinizacao no periodo de evolucao das lesoes perifericas, pretendendo-se assim, reduzir a intensidade da isquemia por bloqueio da coagulacao intravascular secundaria a vasculite...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Arterite/tratamento farmacológico , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Arterite/microbiologia , Arterite/patologia , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada , Extremidades/irrigação sanguínea , Gangrena , Isquemia , Necrose , Contagem de PlaquetasRESUMO
Twenty patients with peripheral arteritis due to an infectious disease were studied with the purpose to detect the etiological agent in the vessels belonging to ischemic areas; to establish the relationship between the onset and evolution of the ischemic lesions and the infectious disease; and to verify the appropriateness of the treatment with anticoagulants. Ten patients had meningococal disease with positive blood culture for Neisseria meningitidis. The meningococci were found in vessel walls of ischemic areas. The cutaneous lesions had sudden onset and a rapid evolution. Five patients had pneumonia or gastroenteritis. No microorganisms were detected in the vessel walls of the ischemic areas. The cutaneous necrotic lesions appeared from two to six days after the infectious disease was diagnosed. Therefore, heparinization was considered appropriate to block the extension of the disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to the vasculitis. Three patients had, probably, post-streptococcal sensibilization arteritis and two post-measles arteritis. No etiological agent was identified in the vessel walls. The necrotic lesions of the extremities appeared from five to 21 days after the clinical course of the infection. The lesions had the complete evolution in a period from one to four days. It was considered appropriate to start the heparinization in the evolutive period of the peripheral lesions in an attempt to reduce the ischemia by the interruption of the intravascular coagulation related to the vasculitis. In heparinized patients in whom the necrotic lesions did not extend completely in the extremities, the evolution to irreversible gangrene and limb loss did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Arterite/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/tratamento farmacológico , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Arterite/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Extremidades , Feminino , Gangrena , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Isquemia/etiologia , Masculino , Necrose , Contagem de PlaquetasRESUMO
The authors report three patients with subcutaneous erythematous nodules in different phases of development, unspecific systemic symptoms, positive PPD test, and normal chest X-rays. The histopathological study of the older nodules showed a granulomatous arteritis with a few acid-fast bacilli in the vascular wall. The nodules at an early phase showed an unspecific panniculitis with some acid-fast bacilli in apparently normal cutaneous vessels. These findings suggest that the mycobacterium has a vascular tropism and may cause a primary granulomatous arteritis.