RESUMO
Objective: To assess the impact of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) on the primitive carotid artery (PCA) hemodynamic variables, specifically blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), in mastectomized patients undergoing hormone blocker treatments. Materials and methods: This study is a controlled, experimental, and randomized clinical trial. Patients were allocated into two groups: the experimental group (G1)-patients who received ILIB therapy using a 660 nm laser targeted at the PCA, and the control group (G2)-patients who did not receive ILIB therapy. Clinical research was conducted weekly, with measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR. The Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Systemic photobiomodulation on the PCA did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in relation to SBP and DBP. However, for HR, the p-value was <0.05, indicating a significant difference between G1 and G2. The initial mean p > decreased from 142.3 to 116.4 mmHg in G1, and from 130.4 to 119.8 mmHg in G2. The DBP varied from 78.8 to 72.8 mmHg in G1, and from 79.1 to 74.2 mmHg in G2. A statistically significant difference was observed in HR, decreasing from 81.3 to 62.06 bpm in G1, and changing minimally from 74.1 to 75.1 bpm in G2. A considerable reduction was present in the timing of application. Conclusions: ILIB therapy applied to the PCA induces a reduction in BP and, more notably, HR in mastectomized women using the tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Mastectomia , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos da radiação , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Idoso , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The incidence of cancer (CA) has increased globally and radiotherapy (RT) is a vital component in its treatment. Cardiovascular injuries induced by RT in the treatment of thoracic and cervical CA have been causing problems in clinical practice for decades, and are among the most serious adverse effects of radiation experienced by the growing number of cancer survivors. This article presentes a review on the Lilacs, Scielo and Pubmed databases of the main cardiovascular injuries, their mechanisms, clinical presentations, treatments and prevention proposals. Injuries caused by RT include diseases of the pericardium, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, myocardial disease with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, conduction disorders, and carotid artery and great vessels disease. Thoracic and cervical irradiation increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the great progress in the improvement of RT techniques, totally excluding prime areas of the cardiovascular system from the irradiation field is not yet possible. Guidelines must be created for monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of patients with CA treated with RT.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Summary The incidence of cancer (CA) has increased globally and radiotherapy (RT) is a vital component in its treatment. Cardiovascular injuries induced by RT in the treatment of thoracic and cervical CA have been causing problems in clinical practice for decades, and are among the most serious adverse effects of radiation experienced by the growing number of cancer survivors. This article presentes a review on the Lilacs, Scielo and Pubmed databases of the main cardiovascular injuries, their mechanisms, clinical presentations, treatments and prevention proposals. Injuries caused by RT include diseases of the pericardium, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, myocardial disease with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, conduction disorders, and carotid artery and great vessels disease. Thoracic and cervical irradiation increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the great progress in the improvement of RT techniques, totally excluding prime areas of the cardiovascular system from the irradiation field is not yet possible. Guidelines must be created for monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of patients with CA treated with RT.
Resumo A incidência de câncer (CA) tem aumentado globalmente e a radioterapia (RT) é um componente vital do tratamento. As lesões cardiovasculares induzidas pela RT no tratamento de CA torácicos e cervicais geram problemas à prática clínica há décadas e estão entre os efeitos adversos mais graves da RT experimentados pelo crescente número de sobreviventes de CA. Neste artigo, realiza-se revisão nas bases Lilacs, Scielo e Pubmed das principais lesões cardiovasculares secundárias à RT, os mecanismos fisiopatológicos, as apresentações clínicas, os tratamentos e as propostas de prevenção. Dentre as lesões pela RT, destacam-se as doenças do pericárdio, a doença arterial coronariana, a doença valvular, a doença do miocárdio com disfunção sistólica e diastólica, os distúrbios de condução, a doença das artérias carótidas e dos grandes vasos. A irradiação torácica e cervical aumentam a morbimortalidade cardiovascular. Apesar da grande evolução no aprimoramento das técnicas de RT, ainda não foi possível excluir totalmente áreas nobres do sistema cardiovascular dos campos de irradiação. Faz-se necessária a instituição de diretrizes para monitoramento, diagnóstico e tratamento dos pacientes com CA submetidos à RT.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) the intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and the lumen of the carotid artery. METHODS: Patients with HNC and an indication for EBRT were enrolled. A carotid artery color Doppler examination was performed before and 6 and 12 months after EBRT. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2011, 50 patients were enrolled. The mean carotid IMT was 0.9 vs. 1.02 mm before and 6 months after EBRT, respectively (p = 0.0001). The common carotid artery lumen was narrowed without statistical significance, 6 months after EBRT (p = 0.3). 1 year from EBRT, the IMT increase and the lumen reduction were statistically significant (p = 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). Neurological events (stroke or TIA) were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed a significant IMT increase 6 months from EBRT without a corresponding narrowing of the common carotid lumen while a significant increase 12 months after EBRT.
Assuntos
Artérias Carótidas/efeitos da radiação , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/etiologia , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Túnica Média/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Prognóstico , Lesões por Radiação/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de Risco , Túnica Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler em CoresRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as artérias cervicais (carótidas e vertebrais) por meio da angio-RM, utilizando-se diferentes dosagens e diluições de contraste paramagnético. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo em 15 pacientes, com análise de 30 artérias carótidas comuns, 30 artérias carótidas internas, 30 artérias carótidas externas e 30 artérias vertebrais, utilizando-se diferentes volumes e dosagens de contraste paramagnético: grupo I - dose única (14 ml de Gd-DTPA); grupo II -dose dupla (28 ml de Gd-DTPA); grupo III - dose única e diluída a 50 por cento. A injeção de contraste foi realizada com a utilização de bomba injetora e com velocidades de injeção de 2 ml/s (grupo I) e 3 ml/s (grupos II e III). Os segmentos arteriais foram analisados por três examinadores em consenso de forma subjetiva, avaliando-se o grau de visibilidade, intensidade de contrastação e definição de seus contornos. RESULTADOS: Em todos os itens analisados os pacientes do grupo II apresentaram melhor resultado (visibilização total, boa contrastação dos vasos e contornos bem definidos). No grupo I houve boa visibilização das artérias carótidas e vertebrais, porém a intensidade de contraste e a definição dos contornos apresentaram variabilidade qualitativa. O grupo III apresentou os piores resultados, com dificuldade de visibilização, intensidade de contrastação baixa e contornos mal definidos. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os grupos analisados, a técnica utilizando dose dupla de gadolínio é a que permite melhor avaliação das artérias cervicais. A utilização de contraste diluído prejudica a avaliação dos vasos do pescoço
PURPOSE: To evaluate the carotid and vertebral arteries by magnetic resonance angiography, using different contrast volumes and dilution techniques. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of 15 patients, which included the evaluation of 30 common carotid arteries, 30 internal carotid arteries, 30 external carotid arteries and 30 vertebral arteries, using different gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) volumes and dilutions: group I - single-dose (14 ml of Gd-DTPA); group II - double-dose (28 ml of Gd-DTPA); group III - single-dose, dilution at 50%. Gd-DTPA was administered using a power injector at 2 ml/sec (group I) and 3 ml/sec (groups II and III). A qualitative assessment was performed for each arterial segment. Three radiologists, who judged the quality of depiction of the arteries, vascular signal intensity and contours delineation, performed a consensus analysis. RESULTS: All evaluated features showed better performance in group II (complete depiction of the arteries, good vascular signal intensity and well defined contours). In group I, there was adequate depiction of the arteries, but inadequate vascular signal intensity and contours delineation. Group III showed the poorest results, with inadequate parameters for all evaluated features. CONCLUSION: Among the tested Gd-DTPA dilutions and volumes, double-dose contrast injection allowed better evaluation of the carotid and vertebral arteries. The studies with dilution of Gd-DTPA showed the poorest results.