RESUMO
The hospital environment is a potential source of exposure to pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites that can cause infections in patients with cancer including transplanted hematopoietic precursors. To mitigate this risk, the design, construction and location elements of the patient care area must be taken into account. Recommendations are given to provide safe environments, including aspects related to characteristics and use of a protected environment, the definition of critical processes, clinical teams dedicated to the care of patients, suggestions of areas to be monitored, the microbiological quality of air and water.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos e Provisões Hospitalares/microbiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Neoplasias/complicações , Microbiologia do Ar , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Neoplasias/terapia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Resumen El ambiente hospitalario es una fuente potencial de exposición a patógenos como bacterias, hongos y parásitos, que pueden provocar infecciones en pacientes con cáncer incluyendo receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos. Para aminorar este riesgo, se deben tener en cuenta los elementos de diseño, construcción y emplazamiento del área de atención de pacientes. Se entregan recomendaciones para proveer ambientes seguros, incluyendo características y uso de ambiente protegido, la definición de procesos críticos, equipos clínicos destinados a la atención de pacientes, sugerencias de ámbitos a supervisar y aspectos relativos a la calidad microbiológica del aire y agua.
The hospital environment is a potential source of exposure to pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites that can cause infections in patients with cancer including transplanted hematopoietic precursors. To mitigate this risk, the design, construction and location elements of the patient care area must be taken into account. Recommendations are given to provide safe environments, including aspects related to characteristics and use of a protected environment, the definition of critical processes, clinical teams dedicated to the care of patients, suggestions of areas to be monitored, the microbiological quality of air and water.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Equipamentos e Provisões Hospitalares/microbiologia , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Neoplasias/complicações , Microbiologia da Água , Fatores de Risco , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Medição de Risco , Microbiologia do Ar , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Imunocompetência , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the use of positive distraction, an evidence-based design approach, in rehabilitation hospitals in Brazil through the work of João Filgueiras Lima ("Lelé"). BACKGROUND: In many parts of the world architects may not formally incorporate theories of positive distraction and evidence-based design, but there are multiple international examples of health facility architects and designers that use nature, daylighting, art, and social interaction to enhance the healing experience. The work of the Brazilian architect João Filgueiras Lima is a particularly salient example. Lima has been a dominant figure in 20th and 21st century Brazilian architecture and the architect of several rehabilitation facilities. METHODS: First positive distraction is defined as it relates to nature and art, and in the context of rehabilitation hospitals. Second, rehabilitation facilities are defined. The discussion then focuses on awareness of evidence-based design in Latin America. Next, Brazilian healthcare architecture is discussed along with the history of the Brazilian Sarah rehabilitation hospitals designed by Lelé and Lelé's role in the history of Brazilian architecture. Last we look at Lelé's use of positive distraction. RESULTS: Despite Lelé's recognition in Brazil, his work has not gained much international exposure. Lelé played a critical role in the design of the Sarah facilities and served on the board of directors for the Technological Center of the Sarah Network (CTRS) in Brazil from 1992 to 2009. Based on our review of his work it was clear that Lelé used positive distraction as a tool for creating healing environments. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the lack of formal integration of evidence-based design in healthcare architecture in Latin America, many of its basic tenets have been incorporated in Brazilian rehabilitation hospitals. Lelé's projects are a clear example of this phenomenon and demonstrate an alignment between research and practitioner objectives. The presence of nature, art, and natural light in his rehabilitation hospitals serves as a model for evidence-based design in facilities throughout the world and presents an opportunity to measure the benefits of positive distraction on rehabilitation patient outcomes.
Assuntos
Projeto Arquitetônico Baseado em Evidências/métodos , Ambiente de Instituições de Saúde/organização & administração , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Centros de Reabilitação/organização & administração , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
According to architect, Ana Maria Silva Mejia, 'a new era for the design of hospitals in Guatemala has arrived', with a considerable growth in interest around good healthcare facility design. Here, in a slightly adapted version of an article, 'A new methodology for design', first published in the IFHE (International Federation of Hospital Engineering) Digest 2012, she reports on the application of a new methodology designed to optimise efficient use of space, and clinical and other adjacencies, in a district hospital in the City of Zacapa. The system has subsequently been successfully applied to a number of other Guatemalan healthcare facilities.
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Eficiência Organizacional , Guatemala , Hospitais Urbanos , Estudos de Casos OrganizacionaisRESUMO
Alterations made in the architectural design can be considered as a continuous process, from its conception to the moment a built environment is already in use. This article focuses on the "moving phase", which is the initial moment of the environment occupation and the start-up of services. It aims to show that the continuity of ergonomics interventions during the "moving phase" or start up may reveal the built environment inadequacies; clearly showing needs not met by the design and allowing making instant decisions to solve non-foreseen problems. The results have revealed some lessons experienced by users during a critical stage not usually included in the design process.
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Ergonomia , Estudos de Casos OrganizacionaisRESUMO
In sum, this structure exemplifies the fact that high-tech tertiary care medical centers can be user-friendly to the ambulatory health care consumer by serving their routine needs conveniently and efficiently. Says Gerald Miller, president of Crozer-Chester: "The ambulatory care pavilion has enabled Crozer to successfully and efficiently merge physicians' offices with institutional-based services and inpatient services. We are pleased with how the pavilion positions our medical center for the next century.
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Hospitais com 300 a 499 Leitos , Hospitais de Ensino/organização & administração , Edifícios de Consultórios Médicos/organização & administração , PennsylvaniaRESUMO
Em Ministerio de Previsión Social y Salud Pública a través de la Unidad Coordinadora de P.S.F. ha contratado los servicios de la Oficina de Servicios para Proyectos del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, con el fin de que se materialice la presente precalificación y calificación de empresas constructoras en el marco de Acuerdo Celebrado entre el Gobierno de Bolivia y la Oficina de Servicios para el Desarrollo (PNUD/OPS) en fecha 29 de enero de 1988.
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar , Instalações de Saúde , Proposta de Concorrência , Arquitetura Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Bolívia , Instalações de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Instalações de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Instalações de Saúde/normas , Instalações de Saúde/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Los cambios tecnológicos y la evaluación estructural y funcional de los recursos físicos en salud influyen y determinan su planeación y diseño arquitectónico. La evaluación arquitectónica se utiliza básicamente para el análisis arquitectónico y funcional de las unidades médicas con el objeto de establecer normas técnicas en esta materia. El objeto de este documento es el de brindar un análisis de la "evaluación estructural" y su relación con la población y su acceso a servicios de salud de calidad y eficacia, así como el de proponer un modelo metodológico. El índice del libro es: Introducción. La evaluación arquitectónica de las unidades médicas: marco de referencia. Modelo para la evaluación arquitectónica de las unidades médicas: metodología del modelo de evaluación arquitectónica; e, instrumentación del modelo. Las células: sus objetivos y descripción
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar/legislação & jurisprudência , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/normas , Arquitetura Hospitalar , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração , Unidades Hospitalares/provisão & distribuição , México , Modelos EstruturaisRESUMO
El siguiente documento nos muestra un proyecto de construcción del Hospital "Viedma", mediante cuadros, mapas y diagramas
Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar , Arquitetura Hospitalar/classificação , Arquitetura Hospitalar/economia , Arquitetura Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , BolíviaRESUMO
El presente estudio tiene por finalidad proporcionar un modelo coherente para la Programación Médica como base y fundamento para la programación arquitectónica y del proyecto de infraestructura física de un establecimiento hospitalario; el modelo se sustenta en las necesidades objetivas de la comunidad a efecto de sastisfacer la demanda real de la población usuaria. En el desarrollo del trabajo se destaca que el déficit de establecimientos de salud en nuestro país mantiene una tendencia creciente, debido al estancamiento de los proyectos, como consecuencia de las directivas de austeridad del gasto público en los sectores sociales y por la creciente tasa inflacionaria que ha reducido el valor real de los recursos económico financieros, a pesar de la creciente demanda. Consecuentemente con este desequilibrio entre el aumento progresivo de la demanda de atención médica y el déficit de atención de los establecimientos de salud; el trabajo propone el replanteamiento de las políticas de salud, priorizando la optimización de la capacidad y número de establecimientos hospitalarios a través de la formulación de lineamientos básicos, para la elaboración de un Programa Médico coherente y racional como punto de partida para aliviar la difícil situación de déficit de la estructura hospitalaria y su utilización óptima
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/normas , Arquitetura de Instituições de Saúde , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/normasRESUMO
In establishing such a service the central and peripheral units should if possible be built up concurrently, because if the central hospital is started first it will soon be overcrowded with normal cases. In this chapter, therefore, we consider the planning of a central obstetric unit, of a peripheral hospital unit and of a district maternity home. Each of these should be designed and equipped to fulfil its particular purpose in the coordinated service (AU)