RESUMO
The development of immunotherapies has proved to be clinically encouraging to re-establish the immune function modified by the expression of immune inhibitory molecules in tumors. However, there are still patients with poor survival rates following treatment. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms triggered by the neo-expression of particular IC in tumors would constitute a major step toward better understanding tumor evolution and would help to design future clinical protocols. To this end, we investigate the modifications triggered by the neo-expression of the immune checkpoints HLA-G in ccRCC tumor cells. We demonstrate, for the first time, that HLA-G modifies key genes implicated mainly in tumor development, angiogenesis, calcium flow and mitochondria dynamics. The involvement of HLA-G on the expression of genes belonging to these pathways such as ADAM-12, NCAM1 and NRP1 was confirmed by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated edition of HLA-G. The data reveal multifaceted roles of HLA-G in tumor cells which are far beyond the well-known function of HLA-G in the immune anti-tumor response. This warrants further investigation of HLA-G and these new partners in tumors of different origin so as to propose future new treatments to improve health patient's outcome.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Neuropilina-1/genética , Neuropilina-1/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodosRESUMO
Background: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a pivotal protein involved in immune regulation and tolerance, while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Research indicates that variations and mutations in HLA-G may impact SLE development. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the HLA-G gene and SLE. Methods: DNA from 100 SLE patients and 100 controls was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to amplify the target sequence. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined, and haplotypes were assessed using Haploview v.4.2 software, with linkage disequilibrium calculated. Results: Findings revealed that the +2960 Ins allele was significantly linked to SLE as a risk factor, with the Del allele showing a protective effect. In addition, the +3010C allele and +3187A allele were significantly associated with SLE at both allele and genotype levels. The +3142 GG homozygote was notably linked to SLE at the genotype level. Haplotype analysis identified UTR-2 haplotypes as risk factors for SLE, whereas the UTR-1 haplotype was protective, shedding light on genetic factors influencing SLE risk. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of HLA-G gene 3'-UTR polymorphisms in SLE susceptibility, suggesting their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Antígenos HLA-G , Haplótipos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Frequência do Gene/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Genótipo , Estudos de Associação Genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Full genomic sequence shows HLA-G*01:19 differs from HLA-G*01:04:01:01 only at position 99 in exon 2.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons , Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Sequência de Bases , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
Chorion trophoblasts (CTCs) and immune cell-enriched decidua (DECs) comprise the maternal-fetal membrane interface called the chorio-decidual interface (CDi) which constantly gets exposed to maternal stressors without leading to labor activation. This study explored how CTCs act as a barrier at CDi. The roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) in mediating immune homeostasis were also investigated. The CDi was recreated in a two-chamber microfluidic device (CDi-on-chip) with an outer chamber of primary DECs and immune cell line-derived innate immune cells and an inner chamber of wild-type or PGRMC2 or HLA-G knockout immortalized CTCs. To mimic maternal insults, DECs were treated with lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C), or oxidative stress inducer cigarette smoke extract. Expression levels of inflammation and immunity genes via targeted RNA sequencing, production of soluble mediators, and immune cell migration into CTCs were determined. In CDi-on-chip, decidua and immune cells became inflammatory in response to insults while CTCs were refractory, highlighting their barrier function. HLA-G and PGRMC2 are found to be vital to immune homeostasis at the CDi, with PGRMC2 serving as an upstream regulator of inflammation, HLA-G expression, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and HLA-G serving as a frontline immunomodulatory molecule, thus preventing fetal membrane compromise.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Homeostase , Receptores de Progesterona , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Córion/metabolismo , Decídua/metabolismo , Decídua/imunologia , Membranas Extraembrionárias/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/genética , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/imunologiaRESUMO
The non-classical HLA-G*01:55 allele differs from G*01:01:12 at one position in exon 4.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático , Éxons , Antígenos HLA-G , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Sequência de Bases , Análise de Sequência de DNA , China , Códon , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can generate all the cells composing the human body, theoretically. Therefore, hiPSCs are thought to be a candidate source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. The major challenge of allogeneic hiPSC-derived cell products is their immunogenicity. The hypoimmunogenic cell strategy is allogenic cell therapy without using immune suppressants. Advances in gene engineering technology now permit the generation of hypoimmunogenic cells to avoid allogeneic immune rejection. In this study, we generated a hypoimmunogenic hiPSC (HyPSC) clone that had diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ia and class II and expressed immune checkpoint molecules and a safety switch. METHODS: First, we generated HLA class Ia and class II double knockout (HLA class Ia/II DKO) hiPSCs. Then, a HyPSC clone was generated by introducing exogenous ß-2-microglobulin (B2M), HLA-G, PD-L1, and PD-L2 genes, and the Rapamycin-activated Caspase 9 (RapaCasp9)-based suicide gene as a safety switch into the HLA class Ia/II DKO hiPSCs. The characteristics and immunogenicity of the HyPSCs and their derivatives were analyzed. RESULTS: We found that the expression of HLA-G on the cell surface can be enhanced by introducing the exogenous HLA-G gene along with B2M gene into HLA class Ia/II DKO hiPSCs. The HyPSCs retained a normal karyotype and had the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, the HyPSCs could differentiate into cells of all three germ layer lineages including CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), functional endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. The HyPSCs-derived HPCs exhibited the ability to evade innate and adaptive immunity. Further, we demonstrated that RapaCasp9 could be used as a safety switch in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: The HLA class Ia/II DKO hiPSCs armed with HLA-G, PD-L1, PD-L2, and RapaCasp9 molecules are a potential source of stem cells for allogeneic transplantation.
Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa , Antígeno B7-H1 , Antígenos HLA-G , Imunidade Inata , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/imunologia , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Animais , CamundongosRESUMO
Non-classical HLA-G*01:46 differs from G*01:01:03:03 at one position in exon 3.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons , Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Brasil , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Sequência de Bases , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
Chronic infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-caused tuberculosis (TB), can induce host immune exhaustion. However, the key checkpoint molecules involved in this process and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely undefined, which impede the application of checkpoint-based immunotherapy in infectious diseases. Here, through adopting time-of-flight mass cytometry and transcriptional profiling to systematically analyze natural killer (NK) cell surface receptors, we identify leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 (LILRB1) as a critical checkpoint receptor that defines a TB-associated cell subset (LILRB1+ NK cells) and drives NK cell exhaustion in TB. Mechanistically, Mtb-infected macrophages display high expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), which upregulates and activates LILRB1 on NK cells to impair their functions by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling via tyrosine phosphatases SHP1/2. Furthermore, LILRB1 blockade restores NK cell-dependent anti-Mtb immunity in immuno-humanized mice. Thus, LILRB1-HLA-G axis constitutes a NK cell immune checkpoint in TB and serves as a promising immunotherapy target.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Células Matadoras Naturais , Receptor B1 de Leucócitos Semelhante a Imunoglobulina , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Receptor B1 de Leucócitos Semelhante a Imunoglobulina/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Humanos , Animais , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Camundongos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Antígenos CDRESUMO
HLA-G*01:01:01:34 differs from HLA-G*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in intron 3 at position 1432 (G to A).
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Índia , Íntrons , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
During pregnancy, the maternal immune system must allow and support the growth of the developing placenta while maintaining the integrity of the mother's body. The trophoblast's unique HLA signature is a key factor in this physiological process. This study focuses on decidual γδT cell populations and examines their expression of receptors that bind to non-classical HLA molecules, HLA-E and HLA-G. We demonstrate that decidual γδT cell subsets, including Vδ1, Vδ2, and double-negative (DN) Vδ1-/Vδ2- cells express HLA-specific regulatory receptors, such as NKG2C, NKG2A, ILT2, and KIR2DL4, each with varying dominance. Furthermore, decidual γδT cells produce cytokines (G-CSF, FGF2) and cytotoxic mediators (Granulysin, IFN-γ), suggesting functions in placental growth and pathogen defense. However, these processes seem to be controlled by factors other than trophoblast-derived non-classical HLA molecules. These findings indicate that decidual γδT cells have the potential to actively contribute to the maintenance of healthy human pregnancy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Placenta , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Decídua , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous abortion (SAB) affects approximately 10% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Fetal trophobalst invasion and remodeling of maternal spiral arteries is reported to be dependent on crosstalk between HLA-C/HLA-G expressed on extra villous trophoblast (EVTs)and Killer cell Immunoglobin like receptors (KIRs) of decidual NK (dNK). Immune dysfunction in decidua contributes to early miscarriage. METHODOLOGY: The study used mother neonate paired cord blood and term placenta samples (n = 46), elective abortus (n = 17,gestational age = 10-12 weeks of pregnancy) and SAB abortus (n = 24, gestational age = 12-15 weeks of pregnancy) for HLA-G, KIR2D and HLA-C. In addition, term placenta was collected from women with history of spontaneous pregnancy loss (n = 24) and women with history of live birth (n = 32). SSP-PCR was used for genotyping, RT-PCR for gene expression, copy number variation (CNVs) and HLA-C allotyping and ELISA for protein expression studies. RESULTS: Membrane bound HLA-G4 isoform proportion was higher 39.28%, p = 0.02) in term placenta. SAB abortus had higher proportion of HLA-G3 (50%),while elective abortus exhibited higher proportion of soluble isoforms (HLA-G5, = 5.9, HLA-G6 = 5.9%, HLA-G7 = 11.8%). Higher inhibitory KIR2DL1 content and copy numbers with lower HLA-C2 in SAB contrasted with higher copy numbers of KIR2DS1(p = 0.001), KIR2DS1+/2DL1+- HLA-C2 combined genotype in healthy placenta. Elevated KIR2D protein levels (p = 0.001), and concurrently, HLA-C levels were upregulated in healthy placenta. CONCLUSION: Our data supports lower cognate receptor ligand KIR2DS1+/2DL1+ HLA-C2 together with predominance of HLA-G3 isoform in SAB as confounding factors in spontaneous pregnancy loss. HLA-G isoforms and expression differed between first trimester abortus and term placenta suggesting temporal modulation and marks novelty of the study.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Antígenos HLA-C , Antígenos HLA-G , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Aborto Espontâneo/genética , Aborto Espontâneo/metabolismo , Decídua/metabolismo , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais , Placenta/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/metabolismoRESUMO
HLA-G expression of tumors and upon viral infections is involved in their immune escape leading to the evasion from both T and NK cell recognition. The underlying mechanisms of HLA-G expression in both pathophysiologic conditions are broad and range from genetic abnormalities to epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the frequency, regulation and clinical relevance of HLA-G expression upon neoplastic and viral transformation, its interaction with components of the microenvironment as well as its potential as diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target. In addition, it discusses urgent topics, which have to be addressed in HLA-G research.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Antígenos HLA-G , Neoplasias , SARS-CoV-2 , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/metabolismo , COVID-19/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Evasão TumoralRESUMO
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy in the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and cancer. The occurrence and development of BC are closely linked to genetic factors. Human leukocyte antigens G and E (HLA-G and HLA-E) are non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These molecules play an important role in immune surveillance by inhibiting the cytotoxic and natural killer T cells responsible for immune escape. The expression of HLA-G and HLA-E has been associated with several diseases, including tumors. The HLA system plays a key role in the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. This review aims to determine the correlation between BC susceptibility and HLA markers specific HLA alleles such as HLA-B07, HLA-DRB111, HLA-DRB113, and HLA-DRB115 are associated with an increased risk of developing BC. Furthermore, HLA-G mutations have been attributed to an elevated likelihood of metastasis in BC patients. Understanding the complex associations between the HLA system and BC development is critical for developing novel cancer prevention, detection, and treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the importance of analyzing HLA polymorphisms in the management of BC patients, as well as the urgent need for further research in this area.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Antígenos HLA-G , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Antígenos HLA-E , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Suscetibilidade a DoençasRESUMO
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) belongs to the non-classic major histocompatibility complex class Ib (MHC Ib) molecule, including membrane and soluble isoforms. HLA-G regulates the function of various immune cells through corresponding receptors. It is one of the important immunological mechanisms of maternal-fetal tolerance and tumor immune escape. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients account for the highest proportion of lung cancer patients and have poor prognoses. Studies have shown that the gene polymorphism and expression level of HLA-G is closely related to the occurrence and development of NSCLC. It is suggested that HLA-G can be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis, subtype differentiation, treatment, and prognosis of NSCLC patients. HLA-G has clinical value as an auxiliary diagnostic basis. An in-depth study of its mechanism can provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , PrognósticoRESUMO
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is classified as non-classical HLA, located in the short arm of chromosome 6 and composed of seven introns and eight exons. The HLA-G gene has a lower frequency polymorphism in the coding area and higher variability at the regulatory 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions linked to HLA-G microRNA regulation. HLA-G molecule is known to have an immunomodulatory and tolerogenic features role. In 199 Saudi individuals, we examined the association between plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels and eight polymorphic different sites, including 14 bp ins/del/+3003T-C/+3010C-G/+3027C-A/+3035C-T/+3142C-G/+3187A-G/+3196C-G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 8 in the HLA-G gene. Our results revealed higher frequency for rs17179101C (97%), rs1707T (92%) and rs9380142A (73%) alleles. Greater frequencies for the tested genotypes were observed in 3027C/C (rs17179101) (93%), 14 bp (rs1704) ins/del (92%), +3003T/T (rs1707) (85%) and +3035C/T (rs17179108) (79%) SNP genotypes. Moreover, we observed a significant association of sHLA-G with +3010G/C (rs1710) SNP. In conclusion, we showed a significant association between 3010G/C (rs1710) SNP and the sHLA-G level among our sample for Saudi populations. Our findings demonstrated that specific SNP within the HLA-G gene is linked to sHLA-G molecule secretion, suggesting sHLA-G levels may be regulated genetically.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Genótipo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Frequência do GeneRESUMO
PURPOSE: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its prognostic value remains controversial. Hence, our meta-analysis aims to assess the prognostic value of HLA-G in CRC patients based on published literature and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on relevant studies retrieved from four electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded to be applied as effective values. Fixed-effects models or random-effects models were applied on the basis of the value of heterogeneity (I 2). Publication bias was analyzed by Begg's and Egger's tests. In addition, the results were validated by using TCGA datasets. RESULTS: Thirteen studies comprising 3896 patients were incorporated into this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that HLA-G expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in both the univariate analysis (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14-1.83, P = 0.002) and the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-1.95, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the expression of HLA-G is not related to age, sex, tumor type, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, or distant metastasis but lymph node metastasis. Notably, the prognosis of colorectal cancer was not consistent with the analysis result from TCGA data. CONCLUSION: HLA-G expression was significantly related to poor OS in CRC according to the results of our meta-analysis. However, we found that the prognostic significance was inconsistent with our results according to the TCGA data in CRC. Hence, more research is still needed to further illustrate the prognostic role of HLA-G in CRC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Prognóstico , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologiaRESUMO
The content of the soluble forms of immune checkpoint components sPD-1, sPD-L1 in blood serum, and sB7-H3, sCD314, sULBP1, sHLA-G in blood plasma of 30 melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolisumab) was measured before and in 4 and 8 weeks after the start of immunotherapy. The control group comprised 70 practically healthy donors. Standard immunoassay kits were used. In melanoma patients, the levels of sPD-L1 and sB7-H3 were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0001), sPD-1 level did not differ from the control, while sCD314 and sHLA-G levels were insignificantly decreased. During therapy, opposite changes in the levels of markers in individual patients were observed, and frequently after the initial increase (or decrease) after the first 4 weeks normalization did occur in the further 4 weeks. No statistically significant associations between the initial levels of markers and direction of their changes during treatment were found, but some trends indicating to the potential benefits from assessment of soluble forms of immune checkpoint proteins for evaluation and monitoring of the efficiency of the therapy with immune checkpoint blockers were revealed: significant decrease of sB7-H3 and sPD-1 levels in the course of treatment, higher initial sPD-1 level in patients with future progression than in those with stabilization or partial effect, and lower progression frequency in patients with increasing sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels than in those with decreasing markers levels.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Melanoma , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Proteínas Ligadas por GPIRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is also an important cause of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV has the capacity to evade immune surveillance by altering the host immune response. Moreover, variations in immune-related genes can lead to differential susceptibility to HCV infection as well as interfere on the susceptibility to the development of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC. The human leucocyte antigen G (HLA-G) gene codes for an immunomodulatory protein known to be expressed in the maternal-foetal interface and in immune-privileged tissues. The HLA-G 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) is important for mRNA stability, and variants in this region are known to impact gene expression. Studies, mainly focusing in a 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism, have correlated HLA-G 3'UTR with susceptibility to viral infections, but other polymorphic variants in the HLA-G 3'UTR might also affect HCV infection as they are inherited as haplotypes. The present study evaluated HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphisms and performed linkage disequilibrium test and haplotype assembly in 286 HCV infected patients who have developed fibrosis, cirrhosis or HCC, as well as in 129 healthy control subjects. Haplotypes UTR-1, UTR-2 and UTR-3 were the most observed in HCV+ patients, in the frequencies of 0.276, 0.255 and 0.121, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between HCV+ and control subjects, even when patients were grouped according to outcome (HCC, cirrhosis or fibrosis). Despite that, some trends in the results were observed, and therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that variants associated to high HLA-G expression can be involved in HCV infection susceptibility.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite C , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/genética , Hepacivirus , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/genéticaRESUMO
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an immune checkpoint molecule that is highly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The HLA-G gene presents several functional polymorphisms distributed across the coding and regulatory regions (5'URR: 5' upstream regulatory region and 3'UTR: 3' untranslated region) and some of them may impact HLA-G expression and human malignancy. To understand the contribution of the HLA-G genetic background in PTC, we studied the HLA-G gene variability in PTC patients in association with tumor morbidity, HLA-G tissue expression, and plasma soluble (sHLA-G) levels. We evaluated 185 PTC patients and 154 healthy controls. Polymorphic sites defining coding, regulatory and extended haplotypes were characterized by sequencing analyses. HLA-G tissue expression and plasma soluble HLA-G levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Compared to the controls, the G0104a(5'URR)G*01:04:04(coding)UTR-03(3'UTR) extended haplotype was underrepresented in the PTC patients, while G0104a(5'URR)G*01:04:01(coding)UTR-03(3'UTR) was less frequent in patients with metastatic and multifocal tumors. Decreased HLA-G tissue expression and undetectable plasma sHLA-G were associated with the G010102a(5'URR)G*01:01:02:01(coding)UTR-02(3'UTR) extended haplotype. We concluded that the HLA-G variability was associated with PTC development and morbidity, as well as the magnitude of the encoded protein expression at local and systemic levels.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-G , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Morbidade , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTPRESUMO
Preeclampsia remains enigmatic and responsible for vast maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our objective was to assess the strength of the effect of the 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in exon 8 of the 3'UTR region of the human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene on preeclampsia risk across different populations. A systematic review by a meta-analysis was performed to summarize the scattered epidemiologic evidence, which remains inconclusive and controversial. A systematic literature search according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to screen relevant publications. Odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between this polymorphism and preeclampsia onset. Thirty studies comprising 9402 subjects were eligible. Pooled estimates suggested that both fetal and paternal insertion variants were significantly associated with increased odds of this disease. Nevertheless, the presence of the 14 bp insertion sequence in mothers does not seem to increase the risk of preeclampsia. Moreover, the results of subgroup analysis suggested that the fetal, maternal, and paternal polymorphism has a significant deleterious impact on the preeclampsia risk in the Asian population. In addition, the significant association between the paternal polymorphism and preeclampsia in primigravida was observed in the pooled estimation with a small sample size. By summarizing the amount of significant evidence, our study nominated this polymorphism as a potential biomarker for early risk stratification for Asians. Further large-scale validation is needed to establish fully solid and conclusive evidence for the impact of the insertion polymorphism on preeclampsia risk.