RESUMO
Las larvas de nematodos en los peces, generalmente corresponde a especies de la familia Anisakidae, son gusanos redondos, sin segmentación; con hospedadores intermediarios y definitivos y un huésped accidental que es el humano, en quién va producir una enfermedad parasitaria del tacto digestivo, mundialmente conocida como anisakiasis, asociada a reacciones de hipersensibilidad debido a los alérgenos del parásito. La presencia de estos parásitos en los productos de la pesca, deberá ser controlada con medidas preventivas establecidas en la legislación sanitaria de países; estableciendo profilaxis, medidas higiénicas como consumir el pescado cocido, o sometido previamente a congelación a -20°C por 48 a 72 horas, para prevenir la enfermedad. Cuando enfocamos hacia una prospectiva de medidas sanitarias de control preventivo, se plantea el establecimiento de un plan de requerimientos de alimentos seguros, basado en el análisis de riesgos y control de puntos críticos (HACCP), constituido por un paquete de documentos escritos basados en los principios de seguridad de alimentos; que contendrá: el análisis de riesgos; controles preventivos; programas en la cadena de suministros; delineamiento de los procedimientos para ser seguidos por monitoreo, acciones correctivas y verificación. Estará basado en las obligaciones que se puedan establecer bajo jurisdicción regulatoria para el pescado, en cuanto a la pesca o captura, manipulación a bordo o en la orilla y mecanismos de conservación hasta el expendio; que dé lugar a un manual de buenas prácticas de manufactura, análisis de riesgo y controles preventivos de riesgos para la regulación de alimentos de origen marino para consumo humano
The larvae of nematodes in fish generally correspond to species of the Anisakidae family, they are round worms, without segmentation; with intermediate and definitive hosts and an accidental host that is human, in whom it will produce a parasitic disease of the digestive tract, worldwide known as anisakiasis, associated with hypersensitivity reactions due to parasite allergens. The presence of these Parasites in fishery products should be controlled with preventive measures established in the sanitary legislation of countries; establishing prophylaxis, hygienic measures such as consuming the cooked fish, or previously subjected to freezing at -20 ° C for 48 to 72 hours to prevent the disease. When we focus on a prospective of preventive control sanitary measures, the establishment of a plan for safe food requirements based on risk analysis and control of critical points (HACCP), constituted by a package of written documents based on the principles, is considered food safety; which will contain: risk analysis; preventive controls; programs in the supply chain; delineation of the procedures to be followed by monitoring, corrective actions and verification. It will be based on the obligations that can be established under the regulatory jurisdiction for fish, in terms of fishing or capture, handling on board or on the shore and conservation mechanisms up to the sale; that results in a manual of good manufacturing practices, risk analysis and preventive risk controls for the regulation of food of marine origin for human consumption
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anisaquíase/prevenção & controle , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise , Peixes/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Anisakiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by consumption of raw or undercooked fish or seafood infected with nematodes of the Anisakis, Pseudoterranova or Contracaecum genera. Here, we describe the first case of anisakiasis in Colombia and summarize the available literature. A 52-year-old female with a history of abrupt-onset sharp epigastric pain, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, and urticaria following fish consumption consulted the health service. The physical examination revealed moderate tenderness of the epigastric region; the laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and a simple X-ray and ECG showed no abnormalities. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic examination, which revealed a thickened gastric wall and a moving larval worm. An Anisakis larva was found and extracted endoscopically, which relieved the pain of the patient. Clinically, anisakiasis may present as a gastric, intestinal, extragastrointestinal or allergic disease. Diagnosis and treatment of anisakiasis are made by a dietary history, direct visualization and endoscopic extraction of possible larvae, which is the only effective therapy.
La anisakiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica causada por el consumo de pescados o mariscos crudos o poco cocidos infectados con nematodos de los géneros Anisakis, Pseudoterranova y Contracaecum. Se describe el primer caso de anisakiasis en Colombia y se resume la literatura médica disponible. Una mujer de 52 años de edad consultó por dolor epigástrico agudo de inicio abrupto, náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y urticaria después de consumir pescado. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad moderada en el epigastrio. El examen de laboratorio evidenció leucocitosis, en tanto que la radiografía simple y el electrocardiograma no reflejaron ninguna anormalidad. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas, la cual reveló engrosamiento de la pared gástrica y un parásito en movimiento. Se encontró una larva de Anisakis y se la extrajo por endoscopia, lo que alivió el dolor de la paciente. Clínicamente, la anisakiasis puede presentarse como una enfermedad gástrica, intestinal, en otros sistemas o alérgica. El diagnóstico se hace con base en la elaboración del historial alimentario del paciente y la visualización directa de las larvas; el único tratamiento efectivo consiste en su extracción endoscópica.
Assuntos
Anisaquíase/diagnóstico , Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Peixes/parasitologia , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Alimentos Crus/efeitos adversos , Gastropatias/parasitologia , Urticária/etiologia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anisaquíase/tratamento farmacológico , Anisaquíase/imunologia , Anisaquíase/cirurgia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Colômbia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Gastroscopia , Humanos , Larva , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alimentos Crus/parasitologia , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Gastropatias/imunologiaRESUMO
Resumen La anisakiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica causada por el consumo de pescados o mariscos crudos o poco cocidos infectados con nematodos de los géneros Anisakis, Pseudoterranova y Contracaecum. Se describe el primer caso de anisakiasis en Colombia y se resume la literatura médica disponible. Una mujer de 52 años de edad consultó por dolor epigástrico agudo de inicio abrupto, náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y urticaria después de consumir pescado. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad moderada en el epigastrio. El examen de laboratorio evidenció leucocitosis, en tanto que la radiografía simple y el electrocardiograma no reflejaron ninguna anormalidad. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas, la cual reveló engrosamiento de la pared gástrica y un parásito en movimiento. Se encontró una larva de Anisakis y se la extrajo por endoscopia, lo que alivió el dolor de la paciente. Clínicamente, la anisakiasis puede presentarse como una enfermedad gástrica, intestinal, en otros sistemas o alérgica. El diagnóstico se hace con base en la elaboración del historial alimentario del paciente y la visualización directa de las larvas; el único tratamiento efectivo consiste en su extracción endoscópica.
Abstract Anisakiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by consumption of raw or undercooked fish or seafood infected with nematodes of the Anisakis, Pseudoterranova or Contracaecum genera. Here, we describe the first case of anisakiasis in Colombia and summarize the available literature. A 52-year-old female with a history of abrupt-onset sharp epigastric pain, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, and urticaria following fish consumption consulted the health service. The physical examination revealed moderate tenderness of the epigastric region; the laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and a simple X-ray and ECG showed no abnormalities. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic examination, which revealed a thickened gastric wall and a moving larval worm. An Anisakis larva was found and extracted endoscopically, which relieved the pain of the patient. Clinically, anisakiasis may present as a gastric, intestinal, extragastrointestinal or allergic disease. Diagnosis and treatment of anisakiasis are made by a dietary history, direct visualization and endoscopic extraction of possible larvae, which is the only effective therapy.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gastropatias/parasitologia , Urticária/etiologia , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Anisaquíase/diagnóstico , Peixes/parasitologia , Alimentos Crus/efeitos adversos , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Gastropatias/imunologia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Gastroscopia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anisaquíase/cirurgia , Anisaquíase/imunologia , Anisaquíase/tratamento farmacológico , Colômbia , Terapia Combinada , Alimentos Crus/parasitologia , Larva , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus from the upper São Francisco river was investigated and ecological parameters and morphological and morphometric data on the parasites are presented. A total of 74 specimens of banded astyanax were collected downstream from the Três Marias dam, municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°1232S, 45°1541W) in January 2011 and January 2012. Eleven taxa of Nematoda were found: Contracaecum sp.; Hysterothylacium sp.; Goezia sp.; Brevimulticaecum sp.; Procamallanus sp.; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis; Cystidicoloides sp.; Spinitectus rodolphiheringi; Rhabdochona sp.; Spiroxys sp.; and Eustrongylides sp.. The fauna of A. fasciatus consisted of by larval specimens of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., and Spiroxys sp., and by adult specimens of P. saofranciscencis, whose prevalence was greater than 10%. Thus, this fish acts as an intermediate host of some species of larval nematodes especially, Anisakidae and Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., new host record and new locality). It participates in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. to carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis and S. rodolphiheringi in the upper São Francisco river.(AU)
A fauna endoparasitária de Astyanax fasciatus do alto rio São Francisco foi investigada e os parâmetros ecológicos e os dados morfométricos e morfológicos dos parasitos apresentados. Um total de 74 espécimes de lambaris foi coletado à jusante da barragem de Três Marias, município de Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°1232S, 45°1541W), em janeiro de 2011 e de 2012. Onze táxons de Nematoda foram encontrados: Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis, Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp. e Eustrongylides sp.. A fauna de A. fasciatus foi caracterizada por espécimes larvais de Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., Spiroxys sp. e por espécimes adultos de P. saofranciscencis, cuja prevalência foi maior que 10%. Assim, o lambari atua como hospedeiro intermediário de algumas espécies de nematoides larvais, especialmente, Anisakidae e Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., novos hospedeiro e localidade); participa na transmissão de espécies como Rhabdochona sp., para peixes carnívoros, e atua também como hospedeiro definitivo para P. saofranciscencis e S. rodolphiheringi no alto Rio São Francisco.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/parasitologia , Characidae/parasitologia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anisakis/parasitologia , Brasil , Nematoides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nematoides/parasitologiaRESUMO
Anisakidosis is a human parasitic disease caused by infections with members of the Anisakidae family. Accidental infection after fish intake affects the gastrointestinal tract as a consequence of mechanical damage caused by migrating larvae. Infections can also trigger allergies, hives, severe asthma or anaphylaxis with angioedema. Although mouse models of intraperitoneal antigenic stimulation exist, enabling immunological studies, few models using gastric introduction of live larvae are available for the study of immunological and gastrointestinal damage in mice. This study was designed to characterize serum reactivity against Anisakis spp. and Contracaecum spp. in Balb/c mice following orogastric inoculation and to assess gastrointestinal damage. These anisakid species were classified at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) School of Veterinary Medicine and materials for live larval inoculation were developed at the UFF Immunobiology laboratory. Live larvae were inoculated following injection with a NaCl solution. Blood samples were collected and sera screened for immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG anti-larva responses to both nematodes, specific for somatic and excretory/secretory antigens, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The means of the optical densities were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc test and the general linear model. This analysis identified the presence of anti-IgG seroreactivity to both somatic and excretory/secretory Anisakis antigens in inoculated animals compared with controls (P< 0.001), and no gastric or intestinal damage was observed. These experiments demonstrated that introduction of live Contracaecum spp. into the gastrointestinal tract did not elicit serum sensitization in animals.
Assuntos
Anisaquíase/parasitologia , Anisakis/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Animais , Anisaquíase/sangue , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Enguias/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
The objective of this research was to determine the occurrence of anisakid nematode larvae in hake ceviche sold in restaurants in Valdivia (39°48'S, 73°14'W) and Niebla (39°49'S, 73°22'W), Chile. Between August and November 2012, 78 portions of ceviche were collected (6 from each of the 13 restaurants that sell this product). Each portion was weighed and divided into approximately 30-g samples, which were placed in petri dishes with 0.15 M NaCl. All samples were manually shredded and then examined with a stereomicroscope. Muscles of 41 southern hake (Merluccius australis), a fish sold fresh in Valdivia, also were examined by candling to determine the presence of anisakid larvae. The presence of Pseudoterranova larvae in ceviche sold in Chile was identified for the first time. The pH of ceviche ranges from 4.1 to 4.8, which favors the presence of viable anisakid larvae that tolerate the acid pH similar to that found in the stomach of their mammalian host. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the prevalence, mean abundance, and mean density of anisakid larvae in ceviche were found between localities. Larvae were detected in ceviche from 3 of 6 restaurants in Valdivia and 4 of 7 restaurants in Niebla. Of the 78 examined portions of ceviche, 21.8% had larvae. The prevalence of viable larvae was 16.7 and 7.1% in the examined portions from Valdivia and Niebla, respectively. In the 41 hake muscle samples from Valdivia, the prevalence (4.9%), mean abundance (0.1), and mean density (0.03) was the same for Pseudoterranova and Anisakis larvae. No inspection processes or pretreatments are currently in place for raw fish to achieve safe conditions for ceviche in restaurants from Valdivia and Niebla.
Assuntos
Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Gadiformes/parasitologia , Alimentos Marinhos/parasitologia , Animais , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chile , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/economia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Músculos/parasitologia , Alimentos Marinhos/economiaRESUMO
One hundred specimens of unicorn leatherjacket, Aluterus monoceros purchased from markets of municipalities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro from May to August 2006. The fishes were measured, necropsied, fileted and analysed their organs. Sixteen fishes were parasitized by nematode Anisakidae: Anisakis spp. and Contracaecum sp. with respectively, 1 and 16% of prevalence, 2 and 3.31 of mean intensity, and 0.02 and 0.53 of mean abundance. Two larvae of Anisakis sp. were found in mesentery of one fish and Contracaecum sp. was found in liver and mesentery with 1 to 9 specimens of range of infection. Fifty-one fishes were parasitized on the liver and mesentery by metacestodes of Trypanorhyncha. The collected species were Floriceps saccatus and Callitetrarhynchus speciosus with respectively, 45 and 6% of prevalence, 3.17 and 2.83 of mean intensity, and 1.43 and 0.06 of mean abundance, the range of infection by F. saccatus was 1 to 20 and by C. speciosus was 1 to 5. Anisakis sp. and these two species of Trypanothyncha were reported in A. monoceros for the first time.
Assuntos
Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Saúde Pública , Tetraodontiformes/parasitologia , Animais , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brasil , Cestoides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , LarvaRESUMO
Nuevos hábitos culinarios se han esparcido, desde las culturas originales, para convertirse en costumbres universales. El riesgo que esta globalización puede aparejar probablemente sea subestimado, a no ser que los gastroenterólogos estén conscientes de nuevas enfermedades relacionadas, por ejemplo, con la presencia de agentes infecciosos. Anisakiasis es una de tales enfermedades, relacionadas con la ingestión de pescado crudo o poco cocido, que se presenta en la cultura japonesa, (el sushi, sashimi), áreas en Sudamérica (ceviche), España (anchoas de vinagre) y Países Bajos (el pescado crudo). La prevención, está relacionada con la manipulación apropiada, la cocción adecuada y el almacenamiento en frío del pescado. Anisakiasis podría convertirse en un problema clínico serio, debido al compromiso gástrico con ulceraciones, dolor y raras veces pseudotumores en la pared digestiva. El compromiso del intestino delgado es también considerable, secundario a una reacción inflamatoria local severa con edema y estenosis intestinal que simula una obstrucción intestinal. El tratamiento esteroidal generalmente resuelve la crisis, de lo contrario la cirugía es requerida. La reacción alérgica a la presencia del parásito puede llegar a ser un grave problema. La presente revisión trata de aspectos clínicos patológicos, así como del ciclo del parásito, instrumentos diagnósticos y manejo terapéutico.
New culinary habits have been spread, from their original cultures, to become universally known today. They are probably not or insufficiently considered as risky, unless the gastroenterologists become aware of new diseases related for instance with the presence of infective agents. Anisakiasis is one of such diseases, related with the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, with occurrence in the Japanese culture, (Sushi, sashimi), areas in South America (Ceviche), Spain (vinegar anchovies) and The Netherlands (Raw fish). Prevention is related with proper manipulation, cooking and fish frozen storage. Anisakiasis could become a severe clinical problem, because of gastric involvement with ulcerations, pain and rarely intramural pseudotumors. Small intestine involvement is also considerable due to severe inflammatory local reaction, with edema and intense narrowing of the intestinal lumen that mimics intestinal obstruction. Steroidal treatment often solves the crisis. Allergic and general reaction to the occurrence of the parasite is also sometimes a big problem. The present review deals with clinical pathological aspects, as well as parasite cycle, diagnostic tools and treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos Marinhos/parasitologia , Anisaquíase/diagnóstico , Anisaquíase/terapia , Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos , Anisaquíase/epidemiologia , Anisaquíase/patologia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Peixes/parasitologiaRESUMO
Entre maio e agosto de 2006, foram adquiridos 100 espécimes de peixe-porco, Aluterus monoceros em estabelecimentos de pescado nos municípios de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro. Os peixes foram medidos, necropsiados, filetados e seus órgãos analisados. Foram encontrados 16 peixes parasitados por larvas de nematoides anisaquídeos pertencentes às espécies Anisakis sp. e Contracaecum sp., com prevalência de 1 e 16 por cento, intensidade média de 2 e 3,31 e abundância média de 0,02 e 0,53, respectivamente. Duas larvas de Anisakis sp. foram encontradas no mesentério de um peixe; e de Contracaecum sp. no fígado e mesentério, com amplitude de variação da intensidade de infecção de 1 a 9. Cinquenta e um peixes mostravam-se parasitados no fígado e mesentério por cestoides da ordem Trypanorhyncha. As espécies colhidas foram Floriceps saccatus e a Callitetrarhynchus speciosus, com a prevalência de 45 e 6 por cento, intensidade média de 3,17 e 2,83, variando de 1 a 20 e 1 a 5, e abundância média de 1,43 e 0,06, respectivamente. Larvas de Anisakis sp. e essas duas espécies de Trypanorhyncha foram registradas pela primeira vez parasitando A. monoceros.
One hundred specimens of unicorn leatherjacket, Aluterus monoceros purchased from markets of municipalities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro from May to August 2006. The fishes were measured, necropsied, fileted and analysed their organs. Sixteen fishes were parasitized by nematode Anisakidae: Anisakis spp. and Contracaecum sp. with respectively, 1 and 16 percent of prevalence, 2 and 3.31 of mean intensity, and 0.02 and 0.53 of mean abundance. Two larvae of Anisakis sp. were found in mesentery of one fish and Contracaecum sp. was found in liver and mesentery with 1 to 9 specimens of range of infection. Fifty-one fishes were parasitized on the liver and mesentery by metacestodes of Trypanorhyncha. The collected species were Floriceps saccatus and Callitetrarhynchus speciosus with respectively, 45 and 6 percent of prevalence, 3.17 and 2.83 of mean intensity, and 1.43 and 0.06 of mean abundance, the range of infection by F. saccatus was 1 to 20 and by C. speciosus was 1 to 5. Anisakis sp. and these two species of Trypanothyncha were reported in A. monoceros for the first time.
Assuntos
Animais , Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Saúde Pública , Tetraodontiformes/parasitologia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brasil , Cestoides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , LarvaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify the species Anisakidae, of interest to public health, parasitizing the cusk-eel, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 purchased in markets ofNiteroi and Rio de Janeiro counties, Brazil, emphasizing their parasite indexes, sites of infection and higienic-sanitary importance. Seventy-four specimens ofG brasiliensis were necropsiedfrom October 2002 to September 2003. Twenty fish specimens (27 percent>) were parasitized by live larvae of Anisakidae. The collected species were represented by Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. and Terranova sp. The species Anisakis sp. and A. simplex presented the higher prevalences, both with 13,5 percent whereas A. physeteris presented the lower prevalence 1,35 percent. The other species, Pseudoterranova sp., P. decipiens, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. and Terranova sp. presented prevalences of 10,8 percent, 5,4 percent, 2,7 percent, 4,1 percent, 1,4 percent and 1,4 percent, respectively. The sites of infection were, the mesentery, stomach and intestinal seroses, intestine, ovary and musculature.
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as especies de Anisakidae parasitando congro-rosa, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 comercializados nos mercados dos municipios de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de interesse em saúde pública, enfatizando seus índices parasitarios, sitios de infecção e importância higiénico-sanitária. Setenta e quatro espécimes de G. brasiliensis foram necropsiados de outubro de 2002 a setembro de 2003. Vinte peixes (27 por cento) estavam parasitados por larvas vivas de nematóides Anisakidae: Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. e Terranova sp. As especies Anisakis sp. e A. simplex foram as especies que apresentaram maior prevalência, ambos com 13,5 por cento e A. physeteris a menor prevalência 1,35 por cento. As demais especies, Pseudoterranova sp., P decipiens, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. e Terranova sp. apresentaram as seguintes prevalências 10,8 por cento, 5,4 por cento, 2,7 por cento, 4,1 por cento, 1,4 por cento e 1,4 por cento, respectivamente. Os sitios de infecção foram o mesentério, serosa do estómago e intestinal, instestino, ovario e musculatura.
Assuntos
Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Anisaquíase/epidemiologia , Anisaquíase/veterinária , Anisakis/classificação , Brasil , Peixes , Contaminação de Alimentos , Larva , Prevalência , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Eighty specimens of Prionotus punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from Angra dos Reis, coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (23 degrees 01 'S, 44 degrees 19 'W), were necropsied to study their metazoan parasites. Three species of larval nematodes anisakids were found, Anisakis sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Raphidascaris sp. from the liver and mesenteries. These nematodes are described and a revision of available literature concerning nematodes belonging to these genera was made.
Assuntos
Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Perciformes/parasitologia , Animais , Anisakis/anatomia & histologia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brasil , LarvaRESUMO
We report the infection levels of third-stage anisakid larva in the muscle of the Argentinean hake, Merluccius hubbsi, in relation to fish size and location in the musculature. The musculature of 42 hake was separated into hypaxial (ventral) and epiaxial (dorsal) parts and surveyed for nematode larvae. Two anisakid species were detected: Anisakis sp. (prevalence, 52.4%; mean +/- SD abundance, 1.2 +/- 1.7) and Pseudoterranova sp. (prevalence, 9.5%; mean +/- SD abundance, 0.2 +/- 0.7). Since the fish were gutted after capture, the occurrence of anisakids in the flesh indicates that the worms had migrated into the muscle before capture. The number of Anisakis sp. in muscle was not correlated with fish length or weight. Therefore, fish size cannot be used as a predictor of parasite loads in the muscle. Only one Anisakis sp. and one Pseudoterranova sp. appeared in the epiaxial musculature. The density of Anisakis sp. in the hypaxial muscles was significantly higher than that in the epiaxial ones. This suggests that removal of the hypaxial musculature can reduce the risk of anisakid-induced allergies and gastrointestinal anisakidoses among consumers.
Assuntos
Anisaquíase/veterinária , Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Músculos/parasitologia , Alimentos Marinhos/parasitologia , Animais , Anisaquíase/epidemiologia , Anisaquíase/parasitologia , Anisakis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Peixes , Larva , Prevalência , EspanhaRESUMO
A case of acute intestinal anisakiasis has been reported; a nematode larva being found in the submucosa of the ileum of a woman in Jaén (Spain). The source of infection was the ingestion of raw Engraulis encrasicholus. On the basis of its morphology, the worm has been identified as a fourth-stage larva of Anisakis simplex. In Spain, this is the ninth report of human anisakiasis and also probably the first case of anisakiasis caused by a fourth-stage larva of A. simplex.