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As malformações ou defeitos congênitos são alterações estruturais ou funcionais de órgãos e estruturas presentes ao nascimento. Essas alterações têm um grande impacto sobre a mortalidade e viabilidade neonatal e nem sempre são investigadas a fundo. O presente estudo descreve a incidência de malformações congênitas em cães neonatos provenientes de canis da cidade de Belo Horizonte e região metropolitana ­ Minas Gerais, Brasil. No total, foram avaliadas 170 ninhadas com 745 neonatos e as malformações foram presentes em 21% (36/170) delas. Dos 745 neonatos, 6,4% (48/745) possuíam algum tipo de defeito congênito. Foram descritos 13 tipos de malformações, registradas em 50% (6/12) das 12 raças avaliadas. Das matrizes, 6% (11/170) apresentavam infecção por hemoparasitas, 2% (3/170) possuíam dermatopatias não diagnosticadas e 3% (5/170) estavam com suspeita de hemoparasitoses, mas não foram testadas. A exposição materna a agentes teratogênicos aconteceu em 3,5% (6/170) dos casos. Todos os casos de malformações foram diagnosticados em cães de raças puras, fortalecendo a hipótese de causas genéticas.(AU)

Congenital malformations or defects are functional or structural alterations of organs and structures present at birth. These abnormalities have a major impact on neonatal mortality and viability and aren't always thoroughly investigated. The present study described the incidence of congenital malformations in canine neonates originated from kennels from Belo Horizonte and metropolitan region ­ Minas Gerais, Brazil. In total, 170 litters with 745 neonates were evaluated and malformations were observed in 21% (36/170) of them. From 745 evaluated neonates, 6% (48/745) had one or more congenital defects. 13 types of malformations were described, registered in 50¨% (6/12) of the 12 evaluated breeds. 6% (11/170) of the bitches were infected by hemoparasites, 2% (3/170) had undiagnosed skin diseases and 3% (5/170) had suspicion of hemoparasitosis but weren't tested. Maternal exposure to teratogenic agents happened in 3,5% (6/170) of the cases. All malformation cases happened in pure dog breeds, strengthening the hypothesis of genetic origins.(AU)

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Umbilical disorders, which frequently occur in calves, are among the major causes of economic losses in herds. Antibiotic therapy alone is effective for some infectious cases, but surgical intervention is often indicated. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical and surgical perspectives of the principal umbilical disorders in calves. The umbilicus may be affected by infectious or non-infectious conditions, including hernia, persistent urachus, omphalitis, urachitis, omphalophlebitis, and omphaloarteritis. Infectious varieties can culminate in sepsis and sometimes even involve other organs. Under these conditions, the chief complaint of calves tends to be apathy and visible swelling in the umbilical region. When surgery is indicated, the veterinary surgeon needs to have a thorough understanding of umbilical disorders, which coupled with careful clinical examination, will enable the formulation of an effective surgical plan. Surgical principles linked to pre-, trans-, and post-operative care must be considered, as recovery depends upon the surgery performed, pathological factors, and the patient's individual response. Some of the most common surgeries performed include herniorrhaphy, urachus, and umbilical vein resection. Several technological resources, such as ultrasonography and laparoscopy, are new tools that can help improve the performance of these procedures.

As afecções umbilicais são frequentes em bezerros e causam prejuízos econômicos e produtivos nos rebanhos. Apesar da antibioticoterapia ser eficaz em muitos casos infecciosos, o tratamento cirúrgico pode ser indicado. Pela incipiência de revisão relacionada a temática, objetivou-se produzir uma revisão sobre a abordagem clínica e cirúrgica das principais afecções umbilicais de bezerros. O umbigo pode apresentar infecções, como onfalite, uraquite, onfaloflebite, onfaloarterite, paratopias cirúrgicas e persistência de úraco. As infecções podem progredir para quadros septicêmicos com acometimentos de outros órgãos. A queixa principal dessas afecções consiste na protrusão da região umbilical e apatia dos bezerros. Quando a indicação terapêutica for cirúrgica, uma adequada compreensão das afecções umbilicais aliada a um bom exame clínico possibilitará ao cirurgião veterinário estabelecer um bom plano cirúrgico. Princípios cirúrgicos relacionados ao pré, trans e pós-operatório devem ser levados em consideração, pois a recuperação do paciente está diretamente relacionada à tratamento cirúrgico executada, fatores patológicos e resposta individual do paciente. Dentre as cirurgias mais comuns realizadas estão as herniorrafias, cirurgias de úraco e de veias umbilicais. Vários recursos tecnológicos trazem novidades nesses procedimentos, como a ultrassonografia, com destaque para videocirurgia.

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A neonatologia equina é um ramo crescente nos mercados veterinário brasileiro e mundial. Dentre as afecções que acometem o potro neonato, destaca-se a síndrome da asfixia perinatal, a qual é caracterizada por alterações neurológicas e comportamentais. Essa síndrome acomete o neonato desde o terço final da gestação até os 30 primeiros dias de vida. Apesar de ser descrita há décadas na literatura, esta síndrome ainda se caracteriza como um problema atual com relevante prevalência de óbitos. Tal ocorrência é, muitas vezes, devido à demora do diagnóstico e a falta de conhecimento agregado acerca de novos tratamentos mais efetivos, assim como tratamentos tradicionais de suporte. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo entender como ocorre à síndrome da asfixia perinatal em potros, identificar os sinais clínicos característicos, abordar tratamentos e divulgar informações que auxiliem na redução das taxas de óbito e de eutanásia dos potros acometidos. Para tal, o trabalho foi desenvolvido com base na revisão bibliográfica integrativa de literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado por meio de consulta em base de dados, como Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Portal de Periódicos CAPES e PUBVET, tomando como referência, principalmente, a consulta à Biblioteca Virtual em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (BVS Vet). O trabalho ainda focou na importância de agregar os tratamentos convencionais de suporte ao método alternativo de compressão, na intenção de elevar os índices de sucesso clínico dos potros neonatos acometidos e diminuir as ocorrências de eutanásias, comumente associadas ao alto custo médico aplicado ao animal acometido pela síndrome da asfixia perinatal.

Equine neonatology is an increasing segment in the Brazilian and global veterinary market. Among the disorders that affect the newborn foal, the perinatal asphyxia syndrome, which is characterized by neurological and behavioral changes, stands out. This syndrome affects the newborn from the last third of pregnancy until the first 30 days of life. Despite being described in the literature for decades, the syndrome is still characterized as a current problem with a relevant prevalence of deaths. This occurrence is, often, due to diagnostic delay and lack of aggregated knowledge about new and more effective treatments, as well as traditional supportive treatments. Thus, this study aimed to understand how perinatal asphyxia syndrome occurs in foals, identify the characteristical clinical signs, discuss treatments, and disseminate information that helps reduce the death and euthanasia rates of affected foals. For this purpose, this study was developed based on an integrative literature review. The bibliographic survey was carried out by consulting a database such as Scielo, Google Academic, Periodical's portal CAPES, and PUBVET, referring mainly to the consultation of the Virtual Library in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (BVS Vet). The work also focused on the importance of adding the supporting conventional treatments to the alternative squeeze method, intending to increase the clinical success rates of affected newborn foals and reduce the occurrence of euthanasia, commonly associated with the high medical care cost applied to the animal affected by perinatal asphyxia syndrome.

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A anasarca fetal é caracterizada pelo edema generalizado do tecido subcutâneo, pela ampliação excessiva do feto, e, consequentemente, pela distocia obstrutiva durante o parto. Sua etiologia não foi elucidada, porém, acredita-se na relação da anasarca fecal com genes autossômicos recessivos, consanguinidade, malformações congênitas, dentre outros fatores. Além disso, o diagnóstico é feito por meio de ultrassonografia, pois não são observados sinais clínicos durante a gestação. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o caso de um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano diagnosticado com anasarca fetal. O laudo, o qual foi obtido com a realização de uma ultrassonografia, estimou a presença de seis fetos com movimentação presente e normal. Entretanto, em um dos fetos os achados ultrassonográficos foram edema e cistos repletos de líquido no tecido subcutâneo, efusão pleural e peritoneal, os quais são compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Assim, foi realizado o procedimento de cesariana programada. Devido ao edema, o filhote nasceu pesando um quilo, enquanto os outros filhotes pesavam em média 350 gramas. Apesar de nascer com batimentos cardíacos presentes, o animal veio a óbito instantaneamente após o parto. A necropsia confirmou os achados ultrassonográficos e revelou a presença de hipoplasia pulmonar. O caso relatado apresenta como causa a consanguinidade, destacando a importância de proporcionar estratégias de reprodução que visem evitar a endogamia.

Fetal anasarca is characterized by generalized swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, excessive enlargement of the fetus, and, consequently, obstructive dystocia during delivery. Its etiology has not been elucidated; however, it is believed that the fetal anasarca is related to autosomal recessive genes, consanguinity, congenital malformations, among other factors. In addition, the diagnosis is made through ultrasound, as clinical signs are not observed during pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to describe the case of a newborn Siberian Husky dog diagnosed with fetal anasarca. The report, which was obtained with ultrasonography, estimated the presence of six fetuses with present and normal movement. However, in one of the fetuses, the sonographic findings were edema and cysts filled with liquid in the subcutaneous tissue, pleural and peritoneal effusion, which are consistent with fetal anasarca. Therefore, a scheduled cesarean section was performed. Due to the edema, the puppy was born weighing one kilo, while the other puppies weighed an average of 350 grams. Despite being born with a heartbeat, the animal died instantly after delivery. The necropsy confirmed the sonographic findings and revealed the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. The reported case presents consanguinity as the cause, highlighting the importance of providing reproduction strategies to avoid inbreeding.

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Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...(AU)

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Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...

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Background: Pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by incomplete development of the lungs, owing to congenital defectsor the action of toxic substances. Moreover, it has rarely been described in pigs. Ascites or hydroperitoneum is characterized by the presence of fluid inside the abdominal cavity and does not generally cause changes in the abdominal organs.However, hydrothorax, characterized by the presence of fluid within the thoracic cavity, is responsible for the compressionof thoracic organs and consequent heart and respiratory failure. This study aims to describe a case of congenital pulmonaryhypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig.Case: A male neonate Landrace pig that died shortly after delivery was presented for necropsy with increased abdominalvolume and bilateral extension of the pelvic limbs. The pig belonged to a litter of 13 piglets, four of which died shortlyafter birth. The rest of the piglets were poorly developed, but only one was presented for necropsy. Significant externalchanges, along with permanent distension, interpreted as arthrogriposis, were observed in the pelvic limbs. The skin of theventral abdominal region was thin, with evidence of all blood vessels, interpreted as telangectasis. An internal examination revealed the presence of a slightly yellowish liquid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, interpreted as hydrothoraxand ascites, respectively. The lungs were reduced in size, indicating pulmonary hypoplasia. The liver had rounded edges,which were dark red and firm, with an irregular surface. Significant microscopic findings were observed in the lungs,which were divided by fibrous connective tissue and showed evidence of small and atrophied alveoli. Furthermore, connective tissue was observed around the peribronchiolar regions and underdeveloped cartilage around the airways. The liver...(AU)

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Background: Pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by incomplete development of the lungs, owing to congenital defectsor the action of toxic substances. Moreover, it has rarely been described in pigs. Ascites or hydroperitoneum is characterized by the presence of fluid inside the abdominal cavity and does not generally cause changes in the abdominal organs.However, hydrothorax, characterized by the presence of fluid within the thoracic cavity, is responsible for the compressionof thoracic organs and consequent heart and respiratory failure. This study aims to describe a case of congenital pulmonaryhypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig.Case: A male neonate Landrace pig that died shortly after delivery was presented for necropsy with increased abdominalvolume and bilateral extension of the pelvic limbs. The pig belonged to a litter of 13 piglets, four of which died shortlyafter birth. The rest of the piglets were poorly developed, but only one was presented for necropsy. Significant externalchanges, along with permanent distension, interpreted as arthrogriposis, were observed in the pelvic limbs. The skin of theventral abdominal region was thin, with evidence of all blood vessels, interpreted as telangectasis. An internal examination revealed the presence of a slightly yellowish liquid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, interpreted as hydrothoraxand ascites, respectively. The lungs were reduced in size, indicating pulmonary hypoplasia. The liver had rounded edges,which were dark red and firm, with an irregular surface. Significant microscopic findings were observed in the lungs,which were divided by fibrous connective tissue and showed evidence of small and atrophied alveoli. Furthermore, connective tissue was observed around the peribronchiolar regions and underdeveloped cartilage around the airways. The liver...

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The high mortality rates of calves has encouraged research of the physiological mechanisms that control birth and adaptation of newborns to extrauterine life, to allow early identification of the presence of disease characteristics during the neonatal period. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anemia in Holstein calves in the first month after birth and address the lack of information on the subject in neonates raised under national conditions. In total, 385 animals, 199 from refrigerated type A raw milk producing and 186 from refrigerated raw milk producing dairy farms, were surveyed. Anemia was observed in 14.3 % of the heifers (55/385), with a higher frequency in the farms producing type A milk (18.6 %, 37/199). It was concluded that the frequency of anemia is significant in neonates of the studied breed, particularly in those with more technified properties (type A milk), with this condition being, in most cases, a possible etiology of iron-deficiency.(AU)

As altas taxas de mortalidade de bezerros têm incentivado pesquisas para o estudo dos mecanismos fisiológicos que controlam o nascimento e a adaptação desses neonatos à vida extrauterina, de modo a permitir a identificação precoce da higidez ou presença de enfermidades características do período neonatal. Este estudo para o estabelecimento da ocorrência de anemia em bezerras da raça Holandesa no primeiro mês de vida considerou 385 animais, sendo 199 provenientes de granjas leiteiras (produtoras de leite cru refrigerado do tipo A) e 186 de estábulos leiteiros (produtores de leite cru refrigerado), e permitiu o levantamento motivado pela ausência de informações sobre o tema em neonatos criados em condições nacionais. A anemia foi observada em 14,3% das bezerras (55/385), tendo frequência maior nas granjas produtoras de leite tipo A (18,6%; 37/199). Concluiu-se que a frequência de anemia é significativa em bezerros neonatos da raça estudada, particularmente nas propriedades mais tecnificadas (leite A), tendo essa condição, na maioria dos casos, uma possível etiologia ferropriva.(AU)

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The high mortality rates of calves has encouraged research of the physiological mechanisms that control birth and adaptation of newborns to extrauterine life, to allow early identification of the presence of disease characteristics during the neonatal period. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anemia in Holstein calves in the first month after birth and address the lack of information on the subject in neonates raised under national conditions. In total, 385 animals, 199 from refrigerated type A raw milk producing and 186 from refrigerated raw milk producing dairy farms, were surveyed. Anemia was observed in 14.3 % of the heifers (55/385), with a higher frequency in the farms producing type A milk (18.6 %, 37/199). It was concluded that the frequency of anemia is significant in neonates of the studied breed, particularly in those with more technified properties (type A milk), with this condition being, in most cases, a possible etiology of iron-deficiency.

As altas taxas de mortalidade de bezerros têm incentivado pesquisas para o estudo dos mecanismos fisiológicos que controlam o nascimento e a adaptação desses neonatos à vida extrauterina, de modo a permitir a identificação precoce da higidez ou presença de enfermidades características do período neonatal. Este estudo para o estabelecimento da ocorrência de anemia em bezerras da raça Holandesa no primeiro mês de vida considerou 385 animais, sendo 199 provenientes de granjas leiteiras (produtoras de leite cru refrigerado do tipo A) e 186 de estábulos leiteiros (produtores de leite cru refrigerado), e permitiu o levantamento motivado pela ausência de informações sobre o tema em neonatos criados em condições nacionais. A anemia foi observada em 14,3% das bezerras (55/385), tendo frequência maior nas granjas produtoras de leite tipo A (18,6%; 37/199). Concluiu-se que a frequência de anemia é significativa em bezerros neonatos da raça estudada, particularmente nas propriedades mais tecnificadas (leite A), tendo essa condição, na maioria dos casos, uma possível etiologia ferropriva.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o tratamento efetivo de anasarca congênita em neonatos caninos, uma vez que há poucos relatos de sucesso no tratamento desta enfermidade. Uma fêmea canina da raça Buldogue Inglês de 2 anos e 9 meses de idade, gestante, chegou à clínica veterinária apresentando grande dificuldade respiratória e distocia. A cadela veio a óbito durante os primeiros procedimentos pré-operatórios para realização da cesariana, apesar das manobras de reanimação. Após a conclusão do procedimento cirúrgico, nasceram 4 filhotes normais, 4 filhotes com edema subcutâneo generalizado leve e 1 filhote com edema subcutâneo generalizado grave, o qual nasceu sem vida. Os filhotes que apresentaram edema generalizado leve foram tratados com dose única de 0,2mg/100g de peso de furosemida por via intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalente (mEq) de cloreto de potássio, VO (via oral), a cada 30g de peso perdido e 1ml de soro subcutâneo obtido de cão adulto saudável. No terceiro dia após o nascimento os filhotes tiveram alta e foram adotados por duas cadelas de raças diferentes que apresentavam galactorreia. O tratamento realizado se mostrou efetivo, uma vez que resultou na sobrevivência de todos os filhotes que nasceram com edema subcutâneo generalizado leve.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to report an effective treatment of congenital anasarca in canine neonates, since there are few reports of success about treatment of this disease. A pregnant 2 years and 9 month old female English Bulldog breed arrived at veterinary clinic presenting great respiratory difficulty and dystocia. The bitch died during first preoperative procedures for cesarean section despite resuscitation maneuvers. After surgical procedure 4 normal puppies, 4 puppies with mild generalized subcutaneous edema and 1 puppy with severe generalized subcutaneous edema were born. This last one was born dead. Puppies that presented mild generalized edema were treated with a single dose of 0.2 mg/100g body weight of furosemide intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalent (mEq) of potassium chloride per os every 30g of lost weight, and 1ml subcutaneous serum obtained from a healthy adult dog. On third day after birth the puppies were discharged and adopted by two dogs of different breeds that presented galactorrhea. The treatment was effective since it resulted in survival of ali puppies that were born with mild generalized subcutaneous edema.(AU)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el tratamiento efectivo de anasarca congênita den neonatos caninos, ya que son pocos los relatos sobre esta enfermedad con tratamiento efectivo. Una hembra canina de raza Bulldog Ingles de 2 anos y 9 meses de edad, gestante, llega a la clínica presentando disnea y distocia. Durante los primeros procedimientos pre-operatorios para realizar la cesaría, la hembra muere a pesar de las maniobras de reanimación. Terminado el procedimiento quirúrgico nacieron 4 cachorros normales, 4 con edema subcutáneo generalizado leve y uno con edema generalizado grave el cual nació sin vida. Los cachorros que presentaron edema generalizado leve fueron tratados con una dosis única de 0,2mg/1 OOgde peso de furosemida por vía intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalente (mEq) de cloruro de potasio vía oral (VO) a cada 30g de peso perdido y 1 ml de suero subcutáneo obtenido de un perro adulto saludable. Al tercer día pos parto los cachorros fueron dados de alta y fueron adoptados por dos hembras de razas diferentes que presentaban galactorrea. El tratamiento realizado se mostró efectivo, una vez que resulto en la sobrevivencia de los 4 cachorros que presentaron edema subcutáneo generalizado leve.(AU)

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o tratamento efetivo de anasarca congênita em neonatos caninos, uma vez que há poucos relatos de sucesso no tratamento desta enfermidade. Uma fêmea canina da raça Buldogue Inglês de 2 anos e 9 meses de idade, gestante, chegou à clínica veterinária apresentando grande dificuldade respiratória e distocia. A cadela veio a óbito durante os primeiros procedimentos pré-operatórios para realização da cesariana, apesar das manobras de reanimação. Após a conclusão do procedimento cirúrgico, nasceram 4 filhotes normais, 4 filhotes com edema subcutâneo generalizado leve e 1 filhote com edema subcutâneo generalizado grave, o qual nasceu sem vida. Os filhotes que apresentaram edema generalizado leve foram tratados com dose única de 0,2mg/100g de peso de furosemida por via intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalente (mEq) de cloreto de potássio, VO (via oral), a cada 30g de peso perdido e 1ml de soro subcutâneo obtido de cão adulto saudável. No terceiro dia após o nascimento os filhotes tiveram alta e foram adotados por duas cadelas de raças diferentes que apresentavam galactorreia. O tratamento realizado se mostrou efetivo, uma vez que resultou na sobrevivência de todos os filhotes que nasceram com edema subcutâneo generalizado leve.

The aim of the present study is to report an effective treatment of congenital anasarca in canine neonates, since there are few reports of success about treatment of this disease. A pregnant 2 years and 9 month old female English Bulldog breed arrived at veterinary clinic presenting great respiratory difficulty and dystocia. The bitch died during first preoperative procedures for cesarean section despite resuscitation maneuvers. After surgical procedure 4 normal puppies, 4 puppies with mild generalized subcutaneous edema and 1 puppy with severe generalized subcutaneous edema were born. This last one was born dead. Puppies that presented mild generalized edema were treated with a single dose of 0.2 mg/100g body weight of furosemide intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalent (mEq) of potassium chloride per os every 30g of lost weight, and 1ml subcutaneous serum obtained from a healthy adult dog. On third day after birth the puppies were discharged and adopted by two dogs of different breeds that presented galactorrhea. The treatment was effective since it resulted in survival of ali puppies that were born with mild generalized subcutaneous edema.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el tratamiento efectivo de anasarca congênita den neonatos caninos, ya que son pocos los relatos sobre esta enfermedad con tratamiento efectivo. Una hembra canina de raza Bulldog Ingles de 2 anos y 9 meses de edad, gestante, llega a la clínica presentando disnea y distocia. Durante los primeros procedimientos pre-operatorios para realizar la cesaría, la hembra muere a pesar de las maniobras de reanimación. Terminado el procedimiento quirúrgico nacieron 4 cachorros normales, 4 con edema subcutáneo generalizado leve y uno con edema generalizado grave el cual nació sin vida. Los cachorros que presentaron edema generalizado leve fueron tratados con una dosis única de 0,2mg/1 OOgde peso de furosemida por vía intramuscular (1M), 1 Miliequivalente (mEq) de cloruro de potasio vía oral (VO) a cada 30g de peso perdido y 1 ml de suero subcutáneo obtenido de un perro adulto saludable. Al tercer día pos parto los cachorros fueron dados de alta y fueron adoptados por dos hembras de razas diferentes que presentaban galactorrea. El tratamiento realizado se mostró efectivo, una vez que resulto en la sobrevivencia de los 4 cachorros que presentaron edema subcutáneo generalizado leve.

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Conjoined twinning is an embryological anomaly rarely reported in wild mammals and with only two previous records in Chiroptera. Here, we report a case of dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins in the Neotropical phyllostomid genus Artibeus. These twins are males and present separated heads and necks, but a conjoined trunk with an expanded upper thoracic region. They developed two complete forelimbs and two complete hindlimbs, all laterally to the trunk. There is a volume in the upper midback and between the heads that resembles a third rudimentary medial forelimb, but X-ray images only suggest the presence of medial skeletal elements of the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapulae) in this region. The X-ray images also show that vertebral columns run separated from head until the base of lumbar region, where they form a single structure. Using ultrasound images, we detected the presence of two similarly sized and apparently separated hearts. The accumulation of study cases like this will help in the understanding of patterns and process behind this phenomena, and collection material plays a key role in this context.

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Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...(AU)

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Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...

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We report the first two cases of polydactyly in an atelid species: (i) a wild ca. 16-week-old infant female presenting seven digits in both feet and other bone malformations and (ii) a wild newborn male presenting six digits in both feet with the extra digit fused to the hallux.

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Background: The equine placenta is the organ where gas and nutrients are exchanged between the mare and the fetus and, as such presents two main functions: protection and regulation of the fetal environment. Maternal or placental disorders can lead to fetal or neonatal impairment, fetal death, development of abnormalities, dystocia, or to the delivery of premature or dysmature foals. The aim of this work is to report the placental findings, the clinical evaluation and the therapeutic measures adopted during the clinical monitoring of a foal birth from a mare with placentitis.Case: The patient is a Thoroughbred mare, 18 years-old, from a farm in the south region of Brazil. The mare was submitted to colic surgery 90 days prior to delivery. The gestational length was 365 days and the mare did not present any symptoms of placentitis during pregnancy. At delivery both the amniotic fluid and the foal showed meconium staining, suggesting passage of intrauterine meconium. The time lapsed from birth to the observation of postural and behavioral reflexes was: eight min to the adoption of sternal recumbency; 35 min to begin sucking reflexes, and 110 min to stand. After the observation of the sucking reflexes, the foal received 250 mL of colostrum with a bottle. The foal weight at birth was 50 kg. Yellow/brownish stains covering on the allantoic surface to its full extent were identified...

A placenta é um órgão fundamental na relação materno-fetal e deve ser considerada como um reflexo das condições nutricionais, metabólicas, endócrinas e vasculares maternas, além de ser um indicativo da condição clínica e metabólica do neonato [11]. A placenta apresenta duas grandes funções: de proteção e de regulação do ambiente fetal, atuando como órgão de trocas respiratórias e de nutrientes entre a égua e o feto [28]. O impacto das desordens de origem materna ou placentária no ambiente intrauterino, geralmente resulta em comprometimento fetal ou neonatal decorrentes de um ou da combinação de três fatores: hipóxia, infecção e transtorno no desenvolvimento dentro do útero [5].O Comprometimento fetal pode resultar no nascimento de um potro prematuro ou dismaturo, sendo os efeitos do comprometimento neonatal dependentes da natureza, duração, severidade e estágio da gestação no qual ocorreu a condição de estresse [5].Em quadros de hipóxia ocorre uma redistribuição do débito cardíaco para manter os órgãos vitais (coração, cérebro e adrenais), com comprometimento de outros órgãos [28]. O feto equino apresenta um mecanismo de redução da demanda de oxigênio quando exposto a hipó- xia, diminuindo sua taxa de crescimento, podendo levar a um retardo no crescimento intrauterino [25]. Como resultado de uma isquemia intestinal em períodos de hipóxia, ocorre hiperperistaltismo transitório...

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Background: The equine placenta is the organ where gas and nutrients are exchanged between the mare and the fetus and, as such presents two main functions: protection and regulation of the fetal environment. Maternal or placental disorders can lead to fetal or neonatal impairment, fetal death, development of abnormalities, dystocia, or to the delivery of premature or dysmature foals. The aim of this work is to report the placental findings, the clinical evaluation and the therapeutic measures adopted during the clinical monitoring of a foal birth from a mare with placentitis.Case: The patient is a Thoroughbred mare, 18 years-old, from a farm in the south region of Brazil. The mare was submitted to colic surgery 90 days prior to delivery. The gestational length was 365 days and the mare did not present any symptoms of placentitis during pregnancy. At delivery both the amniotic fluid and the foal showed meconium staining, suggesting passage of intrauterine meconium. The time lapsed from birth to the observation of postural and behavioral reflexes was: eight min to the adoption of sternal recumbency; 35 min to begin sucking reflexes, and 110 min to stand. After the observation of the sucking reflexes, the foal received 250 mL of colostrum with a bottle. The foal weight at birth was 50 kg. Yellow/brownish stains covering on the allantoic surface to its full extent were identified...(AU)

A placenta é um órgão fundamental na relação materno-fetal e deve ser considerada como um reflexo das condições nutricionais, metabólicas, endócrinas e vasculares maternas, além de ser um indicativo da condição clínica e metabólica do neonato [11]. A placenta apresenta duas grandes funções: de proteção e de regulação do ambiente fetal, atuando como órgão de trocas respiratórias e de nutrientes entre a égua e o feto [28]. O impacto das desordens de origem materna ou placentária no ambiente intrauterino, geralmente resulta em comprometimento fetal ou neonatal decorrentes de um ou da combinação de três fatores: hipóxia, infecção e transtorno no desenvolvimento dentro do útero [5].O Comprometimento fetal pode resultar no nascimento de um potro prematuro ou dismaturo, sendo os efeitos do comprometimento neonatal dependentes da natureza, duração, severidade e estágio da gestação no qual ocorreu a condição de estresse [5].Em quadros de hipóxia ocorre uma redistribuição do débito cardíaco para manter os órgãos vitais (coração, cérebro e adrenais), com comprometimento de outros órgãos [28]. O feto equino apresenta um mecanismo de redução da demanda de oxigênio quando exposto a hipó- xia, diminuindo sua taxa de crescimento, podendo levar a um retardo no crescimento intrauterino [25]. Como resultado de uma isquemia intestinal em períodos de hipóxia, ocorre hiperperistaltismo transitório...(AU)

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A espinha bífida é uma deformidade congênita caracterizada por falha na fusão dos arcos vertebrais dorsais. O presente caso descreve as alterações macroscópicas e os achados radiológicos dessa anormalidade em um neonato canino sem raça definida que, de uma ninhada de seis filhotes, era o único que apresentava alterações compatíveis com espinha bífida. O animal apresentava uma fissura nas vértebras lombossacrais que resultou em exposição e protrusão da medula espinhal. O exame radiográfico simples em posição ventrodorsal das vértebras revelou defeito na fusão do processo espinhoso entre as vértebras L1 e 53, enquanto na radiografia lateral direita foi observada cifose em toda a região lombar. Infelizmente, ainda não se conhece um tratamento eficaz para o caso, e são escassas as pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário voltadas para a prevenção e o tratamento dessas anomalias. Essas pesquisas são necessárias para garantir um bom prognóstico aos pacientes portadores dessa anomalia genética.(AU)

Spina bifida is a congenital spinal deformity characterized by failure in the fusion of the dorsal vertebral arches. The present report describes the macroscopic and radiologic findings of this abnormality in a newborn mongrel dog that was the only one in a litter of six puppies to show changes consistent with spina bifida. The animal presented a cleft at the dorsal region of the lumbosacral area, resulting in exposure and protrusion of the spinal cord. Plain radiographs of the ventral-dorsal projection of the lumbosacral column revealed a defect in the fusion of the dorsal spinous processes of the lumbosacral vertebrae (L 1 - S3), while xyphosis of the entire lumbar region of the spine was seen in the right-Iateral radiography. Unfortunately, we still do not know an effective treatment for this kind of case, and there are few studies on embryonic development focused on prevention and treatment of these anomalies. These surveys are necessary to ensure a good prognosis for patients with this genetic abnormality.(AU)

La espina bifida es una deformación congénita que se caracteriza por uma falla en la unión de los arcos vertebrales dorsales. Este trabajo describe las alteraciones macroscópicas y los hallazgos radiológicos de esa anomalía en um neonato canino mestizo que, de los seis cachorros de la camada, era el único que presentaba alteraciones compatibles con espina bifida. EI animal tenía una fisura en las vértebras lumbosacras que dio como resultado una exposición y protrusión de la médula espinal. EI examen radiográfico simple de las vértebras, en incidência ventrodorsal, mostró un defecto en la unión del proceso espinoso entre las vértebras L1 Y S3, mientras que la incidencia laterolateral derecha permitió comprobar la presencia de sifosis en toda la región lumbar. Aún no se conoce un tratamiento eficiente para este tipo de casos, y son pocas las investigaciones sobre el desarrollo embrionario relacionadas con la prevención y el tratamiento de este tipo de alteraciones. Esas pesquisas son necesarias para garantizar un buen pronóstico a los paciente portadores de esta anomalia genética.(AU)

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A espinha bífida é uma deformidade congênita caracterizada por falha na fusão dos arcos vertebrais dorsais. O presente caso descreve as alterações macroscópicas e os achados radiológicos dessa anormalidade em um neonato canino sem raça definida que, de uma ninhada de seis filhotes, era o único que apresentava alterações compatíveis com espinha bífida. O animal apresentava uma fissura nas vértebras lombossacrais que resultou em exposição e protrusão da medula espinhal. O exame radiográfico simples em posição ventrodorsal das vértebras revelou defeito na fusão do processo espinhoso entre as vértebras L1 e 53, enquanto na radiografia lateral direita foi observada cifose em toda a região lombar. Infelizmente, ainda não se conhece um tratamento eficaz para o caso, e são escassas as pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário voltadas para a prevenção e o tratamento dessas anomalias. Essas pesquisas são necessárias para garantir um bom prognóstico aos pacientes portadores dessa anomalia genética.

Spina bifida is a congenital spinal deformity characterized by failure in the fusion of the dorsal vertebral arches. The present report describes the macroscopic and radiologic findings of this abnormality in a newborn mongrel dog that was the only one in a litter of six puppies to show changes consistent with spina bifida. The animal presented a cleft at the dorsal region of the lumbosacral area, resulting in exposure and protrusion of the spinal cord. Plain radiographs of the ventral-dorsal projection of the lumbosacral column revealed a defect in the fusion of the dorsal spinous processes of the lumbosacral vertebrae (L 1 - S3), while xyphosis of the entire lumbar region of the spine was seen in the right-Iateral radiography. Unfortunately, we still do not know an effective treatment for this kind of case, and there are few studies on embryonic development focused on prevention and treatment of these anomalies. These surveys are necessary to ensure a good prognosis for patients with this genetic abnormality.

La espina bifida es una deformación congénita que se caracteriza por uma falla en la unión de los arcos vertebrales dorsales. Este trabajo describe las alteraciones macroscópicas y los hallazgos radiológicos de esa anomalía en um neonato canino mestizo que, de los seis cachorros de la camada, era el único que presentaba alteraciones compatibles con espina bifida. EI animal tenía una fisura en las vértebras lumbosacras que dio como resultado una exposición y protrusión de la médula espinal. EI examen radiográfico simple de las vértebras, en incidência ventrodorsal, mostró un defecto en la unión del proceso espinoso entre las vértebras L1 Y S3, mientras que la incidencia laterolateral derecha permitió comprobar la presencia de sifosis en toda la región lumbar. Aún no se conoce un tratamiento eficiente para este tipo de casos, y son pocas las investigaciones sobre el desarrollo embrionario relacionadas con la prevención y el tratamiento de este tipo de alteraciones. Esas pesquisas son necesarias para garantizar un buen pronóstico a los paciente portadores de esta anomalia genética.

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