RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum are benign capillary malformations typically associated with Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Only in a few cases they appear in healthy individuals. METHODS AND CASE: We carried out an exhaustive review of the literature on angiokeratomas and their main clinical, dermoscopy and histological features. Additionally, we reviewed the cases of healthy subjects illustrating the limitations of each case and comparing these results with our case. DISCUSSION: Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum is mostly related to Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. However, some cases may occur in apparently healthy individuals. Therefore, there is a increasing interest in its etiology, pathogenesis and clinical evaluation. CONCLUSION: This is an academic-clinical review on angiokeratomas and their main implications in daily dermatological practice. Additionally, we report the first case in the literature of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum in a healthy patient with up-to-date laboratory methods currently available. The clinician should remember that not all angiokeratoma corporis diffusum occurs with lysosomal storage disorders.
Assuntos
Angioceratoma/diagnóstico , Doença de Fabry/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Angioceratoma/etiologia , Angioceratoma/patologia , Biópsia , Dermoscopia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doença de Fabry/complicações , Doença de Fabry/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Pele/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaAssuntos
Doença de Fabry/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angioceratoma/etiologia , Angioceratoma/patologia , Biópsia , Doença de Fabry/complicações , Doença de Fabry/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Sistema de Registros , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fabry disease is an X- linked lysosomal disorder due to deficient activity of the enzyme alpha galactosidase A which leads to multisystemic storage of globotriaosylceramide with neurologic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, renal, skin and ophtalmological involvement. Recent studies indicate that heterozygous females develop symptoms similar to the males, but comparative information regarding the relative frequency of clinical manifestations, age of onset and severity of the disorder between males and females with Fabry disease is not available in Argentina. We identified 59 symptomatic adult patients with Fabry disease: 32 males (mean age 34.8 years) and 27 females (mean age 46.6 years). Diagnosis was made by enzymatic analysis in males and by genetic studies in females. We compared the frequency and severity of the clinical manifestations in females and males with this disease. The most frequent manifestations were: acroparesthesias, angiokeratomas, hypohydrosis (all them were significantly more frequent in males than in females, as well as the severity of symptoms), and cornea verticillata. Proteinuria and ventricular hypertrophy were frequent findings both in males and females. There was a delayed latency between age at onset and age at diagnosis in our group: 14 years for men and 30 years for females. Fabry disease is an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal disorder that affects both sexes. The availability of enzyme replacement therapy should stimulate the identification of signs and symptoms suggestive of this disorder, to allow earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Doença de Fabry/diagnóstico , alfa-Galactosidase/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Angioceratoma/diagnóstico , Angioceratoma/etiologia , Argentina , Opacidade da Córnea/diagnóstico , Opacidade da Córnea/etiologia , Doença de Fabry/complicações , Doença de Fabry/genética , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem , alfa-Galactosidase/sangueRESUMO
La enfermedad de Fabry es un desorden lisosomal de transmisión ligada al cromosoma X debida al déficit de la enzima alfa galactosidasa A, con acumulación multisistémica de globotriaosilceramida y compromiso neurológico, gastrointestinal, cardíaco, renal, dermatológico y oftalmológico. Estudios recientes indican que las mujeres heterocigotas desarrollan síntomas similares a los de los varones, pero no existen en nuestro país datos comparativos respecto de la frecuencia relativa de manifestaciones clínicas, edad de inicio y gravedad entre hombres y mujeres con enfermedad de Fabry. Identificamos 59 pacientes adultos sintomáticos con enfermedad de Fabry: 32 varones (edad media: 34.8 años) y 27 mujeres (edad media: 46.6 años). El diagnóstico se hizo por estudios enzimáticos en los hombres y genéticos en las mujeres. Se evaluó la frecuencia y la gravedad de las manifestaciones de la enfermedad. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron acroparestesias, angioqueratomas, hipohidrosis y córnea verticilada; las tres primeras fueron estadísticamente más frecuentes en hombres, en los cuales la gravedad de estos síntomas fue significativamente mayor. Proteinuria e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda fueron hallazgos frecuentes tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Hubo una latencia prolongada entre la edad del inicio y la del diagnóstico de 14 años para varones y 30 para mujeres. La enfermedad de Fabry es una enfermedad subdiagnosticada y potencialmente letal que afecta a ambos sexos. La existencia de reemplazo enzimático obliga a identificar precozmente los síntomas y signos sugestivos de la enfermedad para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces.
Fabry disease is an X- linked lysosomal disorder due to deficient activity of the enzyme alpha galactosidase A which leads to multisystemic storage of globotriaosylceramide with neurologic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, renal, skin and ophtalmological involvement. Recent studies indicate that heterozygous females develop symptoms similar to the males, but comparative information regarding the relative frequency of clinical manifestations, age of onset and severity of the disorder between males and females with Fabry disease is not available in Argentina. We identified 59 symptomatic adult patients with Fabry disease: 32 males (mean age 34.8 years) and 27 females (mean age 46.6 years). Diagnosis was made by enzymatic analysis in males and by genetic studies in females. We compared the frequency and severity of the clinical manifestations in females and males with this disease. The most frequent manifestations were: acroparesthesias, angiokeratomas, hypohydrosis (all them were significantly more frequent in males than in females, as well as the severity of symptoms), and cornea verticillata. Proteinuria and ventricular hypertrophy were frequent findings both in males and females. There was a delayed latency between age at onset and age at diagnosis in our group: 14 years for men and 30 years for females. Fabry disease is an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal disorder that affects both sexes. The availability of enzyme replacement therapy should stimulate the identification of signs and symptoms suggestive of this disorder, to allow earlier diagnosis and treatment.