RESUMO
Species of the genus Anaplasma, in the family Anaplasmatacae, are responsible to vector-borne diseases that affecting animals and humans. Feline anaplasmosis is poorly reported in Brazil. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in domestic cats from Greater Rio de Janeiro, and evaluating hematological changes associated with this rickettsial infection. Were sampled 216 cats, we performed nested PCR (nPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) assays targeting A. platys-16S-rDNA, A. platys-gltA and A. phagocytophilum-msp2 sequences. As evaluated with gltA-qPCR the frequency of cats positive for A. platys was 3.7% (n = 8/216) and by 16S-rDNA nested-PCR it was 0.9% (n = 2/216). No cats were positive to msp2-qPCR to A. phagocytophilum. The sequences of A. platys presented 100% similarity with previously described isolates around the world and Brazil. Two cats that were positive in the gltA-qPCR reactions have platelet inclusions in the microscopic examination. However, no significant (p > 0.05) hematological changes were observed, probably due to low parasite load. This study showed that A. platys occur in domestic cats from Greater Rio de Janeiro. Further studies are needed to more precisely characterize these organisms.
Assuntos
Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Anaplasmose/genética , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/genética , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gatos , DNA Ribossômico , Cães , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
This study investigated the frequency of infection by Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs submitted to animal health centers in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. E. canis and A. platys showed infection frequencies of 55.75% and 16.96%, respectively. The identity of the two species was confirmed by DNA sequencing.
Assuntos
Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasmose/genética , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/genética , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Ehrlichiose/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
In a study in Costa Rica 314 serum samples from dogs throughout all seven provinces were tested using a commercial kit for the detection of circulating antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia canis, and of circulating antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. A total of 6.4% (20/314) and 38.2% (120/314) were positive for Anaplasma spp. (An) and E. canis (Ec) antibodies. Overall, 8.0% (25/314) were positive for D. immitis (Di) antigen. One single dog reacted positive with B. burgdorferi s.l. (Bb) antigen (0.3%, 1/314). E. canis positive dogs were detected in all provinces (highest percentages in Guanacaste, Puntarenas [both significantly different compared to the overall] and Limón). Guanacaste and Puntarenas also showed the highest prevalences of Anaplasma spp. (both significantly different compared to the overall). The highest prevalence of D. immitis was detected in Puntarenas (significantly different compared to the overall). Double pathogen exposure (Ec plus An; Ec plus Di; Ec plus Bb) were recorded in 8.9% (28/314). Two dogs showed a triple pathogen exposure (0.6%, 2/314; An, Ec and Di). There was a significant difference between male (11.5%, 18/156) and female (4.4%, 7/158) animals for D. immitis positive results. There was also a significant difference between breed and no breed dogs regarding the characteristics of a general positive test, as well as seropositivity to the single pathogens of Anaplasma spp., E. canis and D. immitis. Finally there was a significant difference in the presence of clinical signs again regarding the characteristics of a general positive test, as well as seropositivity to Anaplasma spp., E. canis and D. immitis. Practitioners in Costa Rica should be aware of the canine vector-borne diseases mentioned as dogs are at risk of becoming infected. Concerning the positive B. burgdorferi s.l. dog, an autochthonous occurrence cannot be confirmed due to a history of adoption and an unusual tattoo number. Veterinary advice to protect dogs and limit transmission of vector-borne pathogens, also to humans, by using prophylactic measures is strongly recommended.
Assuntos
Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Dirofilariose/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Doença de Lyme/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/genética , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/genética , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Ehrlichiose/genética , Ehrlichiose/microbiologia , Feminino , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/genética , Doença de Lyme/microbiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study investigated the frequency of infection by Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs submitted to animal health centers in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. E. canis and A. platys showed infection frequencies of 55.75% and 16.96%, respectively. The identity of the two species was confirmed by DNA sequencing.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/genética , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Doenças do Cão/genética , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasmose/genéticaRESUMO
In order to understand the genetic diversity of A. marginale, several efforts have been made around the world. This rickettsia affects a significant number of ruminants, causing bovine anaplasmosis, so the interest in its virulence and how it is transmitted have drawn interest not only from a molecular point of view but also, recently, some genomics research have been performed to elucidate genes and proteins with potential as antigens. Unfortunately, so far, we still do not have a recombinant anaplasmosis vaccine. In this review, we present a landscape of the multiple approaches carried out from the genomic perspective to generate valuable information that could be used in a holistic way to finally develop an anaplasmosis vaccine. These approaches include the analysis of the genetic diversity of A. marginale and how this affects control measures for the disease. Anaplasmosis vaccine development is also reviewed from the conventional vaccinomics to genome-base vaccinology approach based on proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses reported. The use of these new omics approaches will undoubtedly reveal new targets of interest in the near future, comprising information of potential antigens and the immunogenic effect of A. marginale proteins.