RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Dissociative amnesia (DA) is a retrograde amnesia characterized by an alteration in episodic memory. AIM: Establish the neural bases which underlie the development of dissociative amnesia. METHODS: Systematic and evaluative bibliographic review of qualitative type. RESULTS: The bibliography found suggested functional inhibition in the hippocampus, amygdala, temporal lobes, prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Also, hypoglycemia was observed in right cerebral cortex, at the fronto-temporal junction. An inhibition in the potential action P300 was also stated. CONCLUSIONS: There is enough evidence to say that dissociative amnesia is an objectifiable biologically based pathology. There is a need to review the current conceptualization of this syndrome and to establish new criteria that would allow us to distinguish DA from organic amnesias.
Assuntos
Amnésia Retrógrada , Amnésia , Amnésia/etiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The myth that a second head trauma can restore memory to someone with a previous head injury is evident in popular fiction and believed by a significant number of people. The double trauma amnesia plot device appeared in 19th century fiction and was fully formed by the 1880s. This article explores the contributions of scientific and popular ideas related to brain symmetry and memory permanence that fueled inaccurate ideas about memory recovery following brain injury.
Assuntos
Amnésia/história , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Amnésia/etiologia , Amnésia/terapia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/história , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Medicina na Literatura , MitologiaAssuntos
Amnésia/etiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas/psicologia , Personalidade , Adulto , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of prolonged symptoms in athletes who sustain concussions. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients in 2 sport concussion clinics. Possible predictors of prolonged symptoms from concussion were compared in 2 groups, those whose symptoms resolved within 28 days and those whose symptoms persisted beyond 28 days. Candidate predictor variables were entered into a logistic regression model that was used to generate aORs. RESULTS: A total of 182 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. The mean patient age was 15.2 ± 3.04 years. More than one-third of the patients (n = 65) underwent computerized neurocognitive testing on their initial visit. On univariate analyses, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) score and all composite scores on computerized neurocognitive testing were apparently associated with prolonged symptom duration. Sex, age, loss of consciousness at time of injury, and amnesia at time of injury were not associated with prolonged symptom duration. After adjusting for potential confounding, only total PCSS score was associated with the odds of suffering prolonged symptoms. CONCLUSION: Further efforts to develop clinical tools for predicting which athletes will suffer prolonged recoveries after concussion should focus on initial symptom score.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico , Concussão Encefálica/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Amnésia/etiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/complicações , Traumatismos em Atletas/fisiopatologia , Concussão Encefálica/complicações , Concussão Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study aims to compare quality of life of victims with long and short term post-traumatic amnesia and to analyze the relation between quality of life and length of amnesia, including or not the comatose period. This prospective cohort study, gathered data during the hospital stay and 3 and 6 months post- trauma. Blunt traumatic brain injury patients, over 14 years old, with no prior diagnosis of dementia or brain injury, admitted to a trauma center 12 hours post-trauma were included. The results were unfavorable among patients with long term amnesia. Correlation between length of post-traumatic amnesia and quality of life domains were more expressive when excluded comatose period, indicating that it must not be computed in the length of post-traumatic amnesia.
Assuntos
Amnésia/etiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este estudo compara a qualidade de vida das vítimas que apresentaram amnésia pós-traumática de longa duração com as demais e analisa a relação entre qualidade de vida e duração da amnésia pós-traumática, computando ou não o período de coma. Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com coleta de dados durante a internação hospitalar e avaliação da qualidade de vida no período de estabilidade da recuperação pós-traumática. Participaram desta investigação vítimas de trauma crânio-encefálico contuso, maiores de 14 anos, sem antecedentes de demência ou trauma crânio-encefálico, internadas em hospital de referência para atendimento de trauma nas primeiras 12 horas pós-evento. Os resultados referentes à qualidade de vida foram mais desfavoráveis em três domínios do grupo com amnésia de longa duração. Correlações entre duração da amnésia e domínios de qualidade de vida foram mais expressivas quando excluído o período de coma, indicando que este tempo não deve ser computado na duração da amnésia pós-traumática.
The present study aims to compare quality of life of victims with long and short term post-traumatic amnesia and to analyze the relation between quality of life and length of amnesia, including or not the comatose period. This prospective cohort study, gathered data during the hospital stay and 3 and 6 months post- trauma. Blunt traumatic brain injury patients, over 14 years old, with no prior diagnosis of dementia or brain injury, admitted to a trauma center 12 hours post-trauma were included. The results were unfavorable among patients with long term amnesia. Correlation between length of post-traumatic amnesia and quality of life domains were more expressive when excluded comatose period, indicating that it must not be computed in the length of post-traumatic amnesia.
Este estudio tuvo compara la calidad de vida de las víctimas que tuvieron amnesia post-traumática a largo plazo, con los (las) demás y analizar la relación entre la calidad de vida y duración de la amnesia post-traumática, computando o nó el periodo de estado de coma. Estudio prospectivo de cohorte utilizando datos de hospitales y de la calidad de vida de víctimas de traumatismo craneoencefálico, internados en un hospital de referencia para la atención del trauma. Los resultados relativos a la calidad de vida eran más desfavorables en el grupo a largo plazo de amnesia. Las correlaciones entre la duración de la amnesia post-traumática y los dominios de la calidad de vida fueron más significativos cuando se excluyó el periodo de estado de coma, lo que indica que este tiempo no debe ser contado en la duración de la amnesia post-traumática.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Amnésia/etiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
A number of memory rehabilitation techniques have targeted people with various degrees of memory impairments. However, few studies have shown the contribution of preserved non-declarative memory capacity and errorless learning in the treatment of amnesic patients. The current case report describes the memory rehabilitation of a 44-year-old man with amnesia following viral encephalitis. The patient's procedural memory capacity had an important role in the use of a motor imagery strategy to remember people's names. It was further demonstrated that the application of a verbal learning technique was helpful in recalling new verbal information. These different memory rehabilitation techniques are discussed in terms of alternative possibilities in the rehabilitation of amnesic patients.
Assuntos
Amnésia/etiologia , Amnésia/reabilitação , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/complicações , Adulto , Amnésia/patologia , Amnésia/virologia , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/reabilitação , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
The authors present two patients with dementia who displayed recurrent transient episodes of amnestic wandering and disorientation characterized by getting lost in familiar environments. At other times these patients did not wander or become disoriented. The inability to recall any information during these episodes, and the marked difference of the episodic amnesia exacerbations from the progressive amnesia characteristic of Alzheimer disease seen in these patients led to their evaluation. These clinical episodes and the bilateral interictal epileptiform electroencephalographic changes found in both patients led to the diagnosis of transient epileptic amnesia, a syndrome that can be diagnostically elusive. These transient amnestic wandering events subsided after treatment with antiepileptic drugs in both patients. The authors suggest that transient wandering of this type may be caused by ictal events or postictal confusional states. This report emphasizes the importance of recognizing transient epileptic amnesia as an easily treatable cause of episodic behavioral abnormalities responsive to antiepileptic therapy, especially in those patients who have a markedly inconsistent pattern of wandering, disorientation in familiar settings, and amnesia exacerbation manifested by no recall of the emotional stress of getting lost or of any information during these episodes. Recognition of this type of behavioral disruption and its proper treatment can lead to improved quality of life for these patients, maintain these patients in their homes and out of chronic care institutions longer, and facilitate the community's and caretaker's interactive roles with the patient.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Amnésia/etiologia , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Demência por Múltiplos Infartos/complicações , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El aprendizaje procedural y episódico es estudiado en un paciente masculino de 41 años, portador de un síndrome de Korsakoff crónico post-traumático y cuya tomografía computarizada mostró dilatación bilateral de los cuernos frontales y agrandamiento ventricular. Se realizaron 10 sesiones diarias, entrenando la lectura de logotomas y párrafos invertidos. Hubo una significativa disminución del número de errores en el tiempo de lectura, a pesar de no recordar los entrenamientos previos. Esto confirma la disociación entre el episodio olvidado y la preservación de la memoria procedural, disociación que podría ser útil en el entrenamiento conductual
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Amnésia/etiologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Amnésia/diagnóstico , Testes PsicológicosRESUMO
Se presenta un paciente con un tumor del cuerpo calloso con obnubilación, amnesia de tipo axial y una desconexión interhemisférica somestésica y visual (hemialexia y afasia hemianóptica). A pesar de ser zurdo, la evidencia clínica sugiere que el hemisferio especializado para el lenguaje era el izquierdo. Se plantea que este hemisferio tiene capacidad de juicio lógico y que el derecho tiene capacidad de juicio de realidad
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Corpo Caloso , Neoplasias Hipotalâmicas/complicações , Amnésia/etiologia , Dislexia Adquirida , Hemianopsia/etiologiaRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un paciente que sufrió un infarto talámico izquierdo que se manifestó con obnubilación, afasia y hemiparesia derecha transitorias y con una amnesia persistente. La amnesia sería consecuencia de una lesión del núcleo dorsomedial, que tiene importantes conexiones con la corteza orbitaria y el sistema límbico. Esta amnesia es predominantemente verbal, reproduciendo asimetría funcional de los hemisferios cerebrales
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Amnésia/etiologia , Infarto , Doenças Talâmicas/complicações , Transtornos da Memória/etiologiaRESUMO
The clinical picture and investigation of 26 patients (16 males and 10 females) with diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA) are reported. Age ranged from 51 to 78 years at the time of TGA, which occurred mor often between 60 and 70 year-old people. Three patients presented more than one episode (3, 4 and 5). Precipitating factors were identified in 8 cases (emotional stress in 7 and physical exercise in 1). Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were found in 13 cases, mainly hypertension (9 cases) and diabetes (3 cases). EEG was normal in 20 cases and disclosed diffuse delta waves in 2, temporal delta waves in 1 and temporal theta waves in another patient. CAT scan showed no abnormalities in 3 cases and ischemia in the vertebro-basilar system in another 2. Brain angiography was normal in 1 case and showed abnormalities in the vertebro-basilar system arteries in 3. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 to 84 months, no neurologic deterioration was seen. The role of risk factors for vascular diseases, epilepsy and migraine in the development of TGA is discussed.
Assuntos
Amnésia/etiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Idoso , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is used in the treatment of depression and causes antero- and retrograde amnesia as a side effect. One of the many neurochemical effects of ECS is depletion of brain beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. These two opioid peptides cause antero- and retrograde amnesia also. Naloxone antagonizes the amnestic effect of ECS and of the opioid peptides. Thus, it is possible that the amnestic effect of ECS is mediated by an endogenous release of the peptides. Surgical posterior hypothalamic deafferentation, but not anterior deafferentation or fornix transection, abolishes the amnestic effect of ECS. This suggests that the hyperactivation of endogenous opioid systems by ECS that leads to amnesia is mediated by posterior ascending fibers to the hypothalamus. The relevance of these considerations to the treatment of depression merits investigation.