RESUMO
The source of starch may interfere with glycaemic control in dogs, but few studies have evaluated these aspects in diabetic dogs. This study compared the effects of two isonutrient diets with different starch sources, peas and barley (PB) v. maize (Mi), on diabetic dogs. The Mi diet was processed in order to generate a lower starch gelatinisation index. In all, fifteen adult diabetic dogs without other conditions were included. The animals were fed two dry extruded rations with moderate levels of fat and starch and high levels of protein and fibre using a random, double-blind cross-over design. Glycaemic curves over 48 h were developed via continuous glucose monitoring after 60 d on each diet and with the same neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin dosage. The following were compared: fasting, mean, maximum and minimum blood glucose, maximum and minimum glycaemia difference, glycaemic increment, area under the glycaemic curve, area under the glycaemic increment curve and serum fructosamine concentration. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the amount of food and nutrients ingested and the dietary effects on glycaemic variables between the diets. Dogs fed the PB diet presented a lower average mean interstitial glucose (P=0·01), longer mean hypoglycaemic time (P<0·01), shorter mean hyperglycaemic time (P<0·01) and smaller difference between maximum and minimum blood glucose levels (P=0·03). Thus, the processing applied to the Mi diet was not sufficient to achieve the same effects of PB on glycaemic control in diabetic dogs.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Dieta , Hordeum/química , Pisum sativum/química , Amido/farmacologia , Zea mays/química , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Carboidratos da Dieta/sangue , Carboidratos da Dieta/farmacologia , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Cães , Método Duplo-Cego , Jejum , Feminino , Frutosamina/sangue , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemia/sangue , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Amido/sangueRESUMO
The impact of cyclodextrins (CDs) on postprandial glycemic response employing the real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) was investigated. For this purpose, α-CD, ß-CD, γ-CD, HP-ß-CD, curdlan, and dextrin at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg were orally administered in rats. The RT-CGMS was efficient to evaluate the impact of CDs on postprandial glycemia. The results showed that α-CD, ß-CD, dextrin, and curdlan did not reduce the glycemic response after the administration of starch. In contrast, the HP-ß-CD (100 mg/kg) attenuated the rise in glycemia. Moreover, the γ-CD blunts the postprandial glycemic excursion at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. Therefore, γ-CD could attenuate the rise in glycemia promoted by oral administration of starch. Considering that the treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia is necessary to prevent type 2 diabetes, this study opens the perspective of better control of postprandial glycemia by the addition of γ-CD in food.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Ciclodextrinas/uso terapêutico , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Período Pós-Prandial , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina , Animais , Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Ratos Wistar , Amido/sangue , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapêutico , gama-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , gama-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In the present study, we compare resuscitation of bled sheep with hypertonic saline/dextran or hypertonic saline/hetastarch. Unanesthetized sheep were subjected to 2 h of hemorrhagic hypotension and then resuscitated with 200 ml of 7.5% NaCl solution made up to include either 6% dextran 70 (Macrodex) or 6% hetastarch (Hespan). Both solutions provided an immediate and sustained improvement in arterial pressure and cardiac output. The hypertonic saline/dextran provided a slightly better overall response as mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and central venous pressure were higher in the dextran group at all times post resuscitation. However, only the differences in arterial pressure and initial plasma volume expansion were statistically significant. The somewhat better response to hypertonic saline/dextran may be explained by the higher oncotic pressures generated by dextran compared to equal concentrations of hetastarch.
Assuntos
Hidratação/métodos , Ressuscitação , Choque/terapia , Animais , Dextranos/sangue , Hemodinâmica , Soluções Hipertônicas , Pressão Osmótica , Ovinos , Amido/sangueRESUMO
In the present study, we compare resuscitation of bled sheep with hypertonic saline/dextran or hypertonic saline/hetastarch. Unanestherized sheep were subjected to 2h of hemorrhagic hypotension and then resuscitated with 200 ml of 7.5% NaCl solution made up to include either 6% dextran 70 (Macrodex) or 6% hetastarch (Hespan). Both solutions provided an immediate and sustained improvement in arterial pressure and cardiac output. The hypertonic saline/dextran provided a slightly better overall response as mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and central venous pressure were higher in the dextran group at all times post resuscitation. However, only the ddifferences in arterial pressure and initial plasma volume expansion were statistically significant. The somewhat better response to hypertonic saline/dextran may be explained by the higher oncotic pressures generated by dextran compared to equal concentrations of hetastarch