RESUMO
A strain with the characters of the genus Vannella was isolated from the water layer immediately above the deep-sea sediment collected in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, ca. 4.6 km deep. Small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase (Cox1) gene phylogenetic analyses showed that the new strain branches within the clade of previously isolated unnamed Vannella strains from different marine fish and invertebrate hosts. Although the SSU rRNA gene sequences of these strains show variability within 2% of all nucleotide positions without any regular pattern, the available Cox1 gene sequences from within this clade are identical. Given the morphological homogeneity of the revealed clade, all of its strains can be assigned under the same species name, and the variation of their SSU rRNA is comparable to its intragenomic variation, as shown by molecular cloning of the PCR amplicons. High variability of the SSU rRNA gene sequences within and between independently isolated morphologically identical strains in combination with highly conserved Cox1 gene sequences may be a feature in some clades of Vannella, but is not a general rule for this genus, as SSU rRNA genes conserved between different morphospecies occur in several other clades within Vannella.
Assuntos
Amebíase/veterinária , Amebozoários/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Linguados/parasitologia , Amebíase/virologia , Amebozoários/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Oceano Atlântico , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Linguados/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Água do Mar/parasitologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Espanha , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Naegleria fowleri, a free-living and thermophilic ameba, is the etiological agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). PAM is a rare and highly fatal neurologic disease in humans, and has been rarely documented in animal species. This report describes the pathological and etiological findings of a fatal case of N. fowleri-associated meningoencephalitis in a cow in Southern Brazil. Microscopic findings were consistent with severe, multifocal, hemorrhagic, and necrosuppurative meningoencephalitis associated with a large number of amebic trophozoites compatible with N. fowleri. Brain samples subjected to molecular assays generated a 315 bp fragment, which presented 99% identity with a N. fowleri sequence previously deposited in GenBank. This is the first study reporting the molecular detection of N. fowleri in a case of cattle meningoencephalitis in Latin America, and the obtained sequence represents the first GenBank deposit of N. fowleri identified in Brazil to this day. Additionally, the case reported is the second occurrence of N. fowleri-associated disease in the same city, drawing attention to the local importance of infection by this ameba and potential risk for human infections.
Assuntos
Amebíase , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Meningoencefalite , Naegleria fowleri , Amebíase/diagnóstico , Amebíase/epidemiologia , Amebíase/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Feminino , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Naegleria fowleri/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Amoebic infections have been described in humans and animals, causing lesions in specific organs or as systemic infections. In both animals and humans, immunocompromised patients are predisposed to the infection. The present report described the macroscopic and histologic findings in a Quarter horse filly who presented with a systemic infection caused by Acanthamoeba spp. that was characterized by multinodular lesions in lung, kidney, heart, submandibular lymph node, and lip. Histopathology revealed dense inflammatory infiltrates composed of neutrophils, histiocytes, occasional multinucleated giant cells, and numerous intralesional trophozoites. Immunohistochemistry was positive for Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites in lungs, kidneys, heart, submandibular lymph node, and lip. No predisposing conditions were identified.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Acanthamoeba/patogenicidade , Amebíase/diagnóstico , Amebíase/veterinária , Cavalos/microbiologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , AmoebaRESUMO
Amoebic infections have been described in humans and animals, causing lesions in specific organs or as systemic infections. In both animals and humans, immunocompromised patients are predisposed to the infection. The present report described the macroscopic and histologic findings in a Quarter horse filly who presented with a systemic infection caused by Acanthamoeba spp. that was characterized by multinodular lesions in lung, kidney, heart, submandibular lymph node, and lip. Histopathology revealed dense inflammatory infiltrates composed of neutrophils, histiocytes, occasional multinucleated giant cells, and numerous intralesional trophozoites. Immunohistochemistry was positive for Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites in lungs, kidneys, heart, submandibular lymph node, and lip. No predisposing conditions were identified.
Assuntos
Animais , Acanthamoeba/patogenicidade , Amebíase/diagnóstico , Amebíase/veterinária , Cavalos/microbiologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , AmoebaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the main enteric parasitic infections that affect children and dogs in the municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; and to identify the geopolitical areas that should receive priority interventions to combat them. Between March and November 2016, fecal samples of 143 dogs and 193 children aged 1 month to 5 years were collected in 40 rural and semirural communities using a systematic sampling approach, stratified by district. Samples were collected by legal guardians of the children and / or dog owners. Eggs, larvae, cysts and oocysts of parasites were concentrated by centrifugal-flotation and centrifugal-sedimentation, and acid-resistant staining was used to visualize parasites. One hundred and thirty-two children (68.4%), 111 dogs (77.6%) and 199 (73.7%) dog fecal samples collected from streets were parasitized. Giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, amoeba infections and hookworm were the most frequent infections in all studied populations, in addition to trichuriasis in dogs and ascaridiasis in children. A predominance of Giardia and hookworms was observed in children and dogs, respectively. The coastal districts of Aritaguá, Olivença and the main district had a higher parasitic diversity and overlapping of important potential zoonotic infections. Age over one year (p<0.001), adjusted OR = 3.65; 95% CI = 1.86-7.16) and income below the minimum monthly salary (p = 0.02, adjusted OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.17-6.59) were the main factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in children and dogs, respectively. The coastal districts of Aritaguá and Olivença and the main district should be prioritized through enteric disease control programs, and the factors associated with infections must be considered in the design of health interventions in these districts. The integration between affirmative income actions and investments to improve the health infrastructure of these communities may work more effectively than current preventive measures to combat enteric parasites.
Assuntos
Amebíase/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Amebíase/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Cães , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Giardia , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/veterinária , Infecções por Uncinaria/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Oocistos , Parasitos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Zoonoses/parasitologiaRESUMO
Background: Amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by obligate or facultative amoeboid protozoans, as well as freeliving forms. The genus Entamoeba includes both pathogenic and commensal species that can affect humans and animals.Entamoeba histolytica is the most important species associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans,while Entamoeba invadens is considered the most common and serious pathogen to many reptile species, including lizards, snakes and crocodilians. The aim of this manuscript is to report a case of amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tortoisein northeastern Brazil.Case: A 10-month-old male red-foot tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was presented at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande for necropsy with a 1-week history of anorexia,apathy, and reluctance to move. According to the owner, the animal suffered from heat stress in the backyard, where it washoused with another male red-foot tortoise. At post-mortem examination, there were approximately 1 mL of yellowishviscous transudate in the coelomic cavity. The liver was large, with rounded edges and multifocal to coalescing yellowishareas in the subcapsular surface. When cut, the parenchyma was more friable and yellowish. At the opening of the smallintestine, the mucosa was thickened, reddened, and contained many variably sized, dark red ulcers with depressed andhemorrhagic centers. Histopathology of the liver reveals diffuse macro and microvacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytecytoplasm, often displacing the nucleus peripherally (fatty degeneration). There were extensive and multifocal areas ofnecrosis characterized by shrunken, hypereosinophilic and pyknotic hepatocytes. Amebic trophozoites were seen throughthe areas of necrosis and degeneration and the morphological features were suggestive of the genus Entamoeba. In theportal triads...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Amebíase/veterinária , Entamoeba , Entamebíase , AutopsiaRESUMO
Background: Amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by obligate or facultative amoeboid protozoans, as well as freeliving forms. The genus Entamoeba includes both pathogenic and commensal species that can affect humans and animals.Entamoeba histolytica is the most important species associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans,while Entamoeba invadens is considered the most common and serious pathogen to many reptile species, including lizards, snakes and crocodilians. The aim of this manuscript is to report a case of amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tortoisein northeastern Brazil.Case: A 10-month-old male red-foot tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was presented at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande for necropsy with a 1-week history of anorexia,apathy, and reluctance to move. According to the owner, the animal suffered from heat stress in the backyard, where it washoused with another male red-foot tortoise. At post-mortem examination, there were approximately 1 mL of yellowishviscous transudate in the coelomic cavity. The liver was large, with rounded edges and multifocal to coalescing yellowishareas in the subcapsular surface. When cut, the parenchyma was more friable and yellowish. At the opening of the smallintestine, the mucosa was thickened, reddened, and contained many variably sized, dark red ulcers with depressed andhemorrhagic centers. Histopathology of the liver reveals diffuse macro and microvacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytecytoplasm, often displacing the nucleus peripherally (fatty degeneration). There were extensive and multifocal areas ofnecrosis characterized by shrunken, hypereosinophilic and pyknotic hepatocytes. Amebic trophozoites were seen throughthe areas of necrosis and degeneration and the morphological features were suggestive of the genus Entamoeba. In theportal triads...
Assuntos
Animais , Amebíase/veterinária , Entamebíase , Entamoeba , Tartarugas/parasitologia , AutopsiaRESUMO
Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.
Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áreas de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Amebíase/veterinária , Cães/parasitologia , Cinomose , Epidemias/veterinária , Acanthamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas/veterinária , Sinais e Sintomas/veterináriaRESUMO
Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.(AU)
Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áreas de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães/parasitologia , Amebíase/veterinária , Cinomose , Epidemias/veterinária , Acanthamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas/veterinária , Sinais e Sintomas/veterináriaRESUMO
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is an acute disease of the central nervous system of humans and animals caused by Naegleria fowleri. This report describes a case of meningoencephalitis caused by N. fowleri in a crossbred, one-year-old bovine with progressive neurological signs. At necropsy there was thickening of the meninges and multifocal areas of malacia in the thalamus, caudal and rostral colliculi, parietal and occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Histologically there was multifocal necrosupurative meningoencephalitis associated with areas of malacia containing amoebic trophozoites. Immunohistochemistry of the brain was positive for N. fowleri. The disease should be included among the differential diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system in cattle in areas where animals are exposed to hot, stagnant water.
Assuntos
Amebíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Naegleria fowleri/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Balamuthia mandrillaris, a soil amoeba, is the causative agent of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, a life-threatening brain infection. This amoeba is acquired from contaminated soil and may enter the host through cutaneous lesions or through nasal passages, migrating to the lungs or brain. During invasion, B. mandrillaris has access to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the host. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of B. mandrillaris with 3 ECM glycoproteins (collagen-I, fibronectin and laminin-1) that are encountered in host connective tissues and at the basal lamina. Using optical microscopy, amoeba association on ECM-coated surfaces was examined. Binding of amoebae on laminin was greater than that on collagen or fibronectin. Laminin-adhered B. mandrillaris exhibited elongated and spread forms, distinctive from those observed for amoebae on a plastic surface. Collagen and fibronectin-adhered B. mandrillaris presented elongated shapes with cellular expansions. Binding to collagen, fibronectin, or laminin was inhibited when amoebae were pre-treated with sialic acid. Treatment with galactose resulted in diminished binding of amoebae on laminin, while mannose increased binding in all coating conditions tested. Dependence of divalent cations on amoeba binding was demonstrated for laminin-amoeba interaction. Collectively, the results indicate that B. mandrillaris recognizes specific glycoproteins of the mammalian extracellular matrix.
Assuntos
Encefalite/veterinária , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Lobosea/metabolismo , Amebíase/parasitologia , Amebíase/veterinária , Animais , Cátions Bivalentes/farmacologia , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Encefalite/parasitologia , Feminino , Laminina/metabolismo , Lobosea/química , Lobosea/isolamento & purificação , Mandrillus , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Ácido Periódico/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripsina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Species of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia are soil amoebae that can cause encephalitis in animals and humans. Of these, Naegleria fowleri is the cause of often fatal primary meningoencephalitis in humans. N. fowleri-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a cow that was suspected to have rabies. Only formalin-fixed brain was available for diagnosis. There was severe meningoencephalitis involving all parts of the brain and numerous amoebic trophozoites were present in lesions. The amoebae reacted with N. fowleri-specific polyclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. This is the first report of amoebic encephalitis in any host from Costa Rica.
Assuntos
Amebíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Naegleria fowleri/isolamento & purificação , Amebíase/diagnóstico , Amebíase/patologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Costa Rica , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/patologiaRESUMO
Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris are known to cause fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease in human beings. N. fowleri causes acute, fulminating primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), which generally leads to death within 10 days. Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris cause chronic granulomatous amebic encephalitis, which may last for 8 weeks. Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris also cause CNS disease in animals. N. fowleri, however, has been described only in human beings. This report is the first of PAM in an animal, a South American tapir. Dry cough, lethargy, and coma developed in the animal, and its condition progressed to death. At necropsy, lesions were seen in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and lungs. The CNS had severe, suppurative meningoencephalitis with many neutrophils, fibrin, plasma cells, and amebas. Amebas were 6.5 microns to 9 microns in diameter and had a nucleus containing a large nucleolus. Amebas in the sections reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for N. fowleri in the immunofluorescent assay and appeared bright green.
Assuntos
Amebíase/patologia , Amebíase/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/patologia , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Naegleria fowleri , Perissodáctilos/parasitologia , Animais , Masculino , Naegleria fowleri/isolamento & purificação , América do SulRESUMO
Of 500 red-footed tortoises imported to southern Florida, approximately 200 died during a 2-month period. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included anorexia, listlessness, and watery diarrhea, with lingering death. Necropsy consistently revealed thickened duodenum, with necrotic mucosa and multifocal to diffuse areas of hepatic necrosis. Histologic evaluation of tissues demonstrated numerous amebae in intestinal and hepatic lesions.