RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alveolitis occurs after dental extraction without blood clot formation, leading to an inflammatory process and bacterial contamination. Boric acid (BA) demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and osteogenic properties. This study aims to evaluate the possible antimicrobial effects and bone repair of BA in a rat model of alveolitis (dry socket). METHODS: 33 male Wistar rats were submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisor and dry socket induction. They were first divided into two groups: dry socket (n = 17) and dry socket + 0.75 % BA (n = 16). Samples for the microbiological analysis were collected immediately after dental extraction, at the detection of clinical alveolitis, 7, and 14 days after BA application. For microCT and histological analysis, samples from euthanized rats were used in 14 and 28 days after alveolitis detection. RESULTS: Higher bacterial counts were found in 4-5 days after alveolitis induction, compared to the baseline in both experimental groups, decreasing significantly after 7 and 14 days of treatment with BA (P < 0.05). The microCT evaluation displayed increased bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and bone mineral density in a time-dependent manner, regardless of BA treatment. On the other hand, the number of trabeculae and total bone porosity decreased over the 28 days of the experiment in the dry-socket group and both groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological analysis did not differ on bone repair in both experimental groups. CONCLUSION: This was the first report investigating the effects of BA in a rat model of alveolitis regarding microbiological and bone repair aspects. The BA local application decreased the total aerobic and facultative bacteria counts and does not seem to benefit the bone repair after alveolitis development. This study paves the way for more studies involving alveolitis and different BA applications.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Alvéolo Seco , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Alvéolo Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Alvéolo Seco/patologia , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Extração Dentária , Ratos Wistar , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to analyse the bacteriological factors during the process of dental alveolitis, relating it to a higher incidence of bacteraemia in adult rats subjected to neonatal malnutrition. We used forty male Wistar rats, suckled by mothers fed a diet during lactation containing 17 % protein in the nourished group (N) or 8 % protein in the undernourished group (UN). After weaning, the animals were given the Labina standard diet. After 90 d, these animals underwent upper right incisor extraction and induction of alveolitis. The oral microbiota was obtained using a swab and blood culture through venous blood. These procedures were performed before the extraction, 5 min after extraction, on the 21st day after alveolitis for groups N-21 and UN-21 and on the 28th day after alveolitis for groups N-28 and UN-28. Data were expressed as means and standard deviations for parametric data, and as medians and interquartile intervals for non-parametric data. Statistical significance was considered by assuming a critical level of 5 %. Before and after extraction, lower bacterial growth was observed per colony-forming unit (CFU) in the perialveolar region of the upper right incisors of undernourished animals, while the opposite was true after alveolitis, when a larger number of CFU was observed in these animals. The percentage of positive blood cultures obtained after alveolitis was greater in the undernourished animals. The present study thus demonstrated the influence of neonatal malnutrition in the perialveolar microbiota and in the development of bacteraemia after dental alveolitis.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/etiologia , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/microbiologia , Desnutrição/complicações , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Carga Bacteriana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Alvéolo Seco/etiologia , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metagenoma , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The pathogenesis of alveolitis is not well known and therefore experimental situations that mimic some features of this disease should be developed. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the evolution of the experimentally induced infection in rat sockets is characterized, which leads to clinical signs of suppurative alveolitis with remarkable wound healing disturbs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-infected (Group I) and experimentally infected sockets in Rattus novergicus (Group II) were histometrically evaluated regarding the kinetics of alveolar healing. In addition, the characterization of the present bacteria in inoculation material and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. The detected species were Capnocytophaga ochracea, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus anginosus, Treponema socranskii and Streptococcus sanguis. RESULTS: All experimentally infected rats developed suppurative alveolitis, showing higher levels of CRP in comparison to those non-infected ones. Furthermore, infected rats presented a significant delayed wound healing as measured by the histometric analysis (higher persistent polymorphonuclear infiltrate and lower density of newly formed bone). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that rat sockets with experimentally induced infection produced higher levels of serum CRP, showing the potential of disseminated infection and a disturb in the alveolar repair process in an interesting experimental model for alveolitis studies.
Assuntos
Alvéolo Seco/patologia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Cicatrização , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Sondas de DNA , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologiaRESUMO
The pathogenesis of alveolitis is not well known and therefore experimental situations that mimic some features of this disease should be developed. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the evolution of the experimentally induced infection in rat sockets is characterized, which leads to clinical signs of suppurative alveolitis with remarkable wound healing disturbs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-infected (Group I) and experimentally infected sockets in Rattus novergicus (Group II) were histometrically evaluated regarding the kinetics of alveolar healing. In addition, the characterization of the present bacteria in inoculation material and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. The detected species were Capnocytophaga ochracea, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus anginosus, Treponema socranskii and Streptococcus sanguis. RESULTS: All experimentally infected rats developed suppurative alveolitis, showing higher levels of CRP in comparison to those non-infected ones. Furthermore, infected rats presented a significant delayed wound healing as measured by the histometric analysis (higher persistent polymorphonuclear infiltrate and lower density of newly formed bone). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that rat sockets with experimentally induced infection produced higher levels of serum CRP, showing the potential of disseminated infection and a disturb in the alveolar repair process in an interesting experimental model for alveolitis studies.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Alvéolo Seco/patologia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Cicatrização , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Sondas de DNA , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of local tetracycline on the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in rats, and on the microbiota associated to this infection. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10): I - the rats had the maxillary right incisor extracted and the alveolar wound did not receive any treatment; II - adrenaline and Ringer-PRAS were introduced into the alveolar wound; III - the alveolar wound was irrigated with sterile saline; and IV - the alveolar wound was irrigated with an aqueous solution of tetracycline. Microbial samples from the alveolar wounds were collected 2 days after surgery and inoculated on blood agar (with and without 8 microg/mL of tetracycline) and other selective media, and were incubated in either aerobiosis or anaerobiosis at 37 degrees C, for 2 to 14 days. It was verified that tetracycline reduced the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in the rats and caused significant changes in the microbiota of the surgical sites, decreasing the number of anaerobes and increasing the participation of tetracycline-resistant and multi-resistant microorganisms.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Alvéolo Seco/prevenção & controle , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Epinefrina/uso terapêutico , Eubacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Incisivo/cirurgia , Soluções Isotônicas , Masculino , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Solução de Ringer , Supuração , Resistência a Tetraciclina , Irrigação Terapêutica , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologia , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Veillonella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of local tetracycline on the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in rats, and on the microbiota associated to this infection. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10): I - the rats had the maxillary right incisor extracted and the alveolar wound did not receive any treatment; II - adrenaline and Ringer-PRAS were introduced into the alveolar wound; III - the alveolar wound was irrigated with sterile saline; and IV - the alveolar wound was irrigated with an aqueous solution of tetracycline. Microbial samples from the alveolar wounds were collected 2 days after surgery and inoculated on blood agar (with and without 8 µg/mL of tetracycline) and other selective media, and were incubated in either aerobiosis or anaerobiosis at 37ºC, for 2 to 14 days. It was verified that tetracycline reduced the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in the rats and caused significant changes in the microbiota of the surgical sites, decreasing the number of anaerobes and increasing the participation of tetracycline-resistant and multi-resistant microorganisms.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do uso tópico de tetraciclina sobre a ocorrência de alveolite em ratos e sobre a microbiota a ela associada. Quarenta ratos foram divididos, ao acaso, em 4 grupos (n=10): grupo I, realizou-se somente a extração do incisivo superior direito e a ferida alveolar não recebeu nenhum tratamento; grupo II, além da extração dental, soluções de adrenalina e Ringer-PRAS foram introduzidas no interior do alvéolo; grupo III, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução salina estéril; grupo IV, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução aquosa de cloridrato de tetraciclina a 10 por cento. As amostras dos alvéolos para processamento microbiológico foram coletadas dois dias após a realização das cirurgias e foram inoculadas em ágar sangue com ou sem 8 µg/mL de tetraciclina e em outros meios de cultura seletivos, incubadas em aerobiose ou anaerobiose, a 37ºC, de 2 a 14 dias. Verificou-se que a tetraciclina reduziu a ocorrência de alveolite e provocou uma modificação significativa na microbiota do sítio cirúrgico, levando a uma redução nas proporções ocupadas pelos microrganismos anaeróbios e uma elevação da participação de microrganismos resistentes à tetraciclina e outros antimicrobianos.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Alvéolo Seco/prevenção & controle , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Epinefrina/uso terapêutico , Eubacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Soluções Isotônicas , Incisivo/cirurgia , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Supuração , Resistência a Tetraciclina , Irrigação Terapêutica , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologia , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Veillonella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Identificou-se a microbiota normal da região peri-alveolar de incisivos em 72 ratos Wistar, com 70-90 dias de idade e 280-330g de peso. As bactérias foram coletadas com suabes embebidos em solução salina. Do material depositado em tubo contendo 460µl de Brain Heart Infusion e diluído em 1:10, retirou-se 1µl para semeadura em placas de Petri. O crescimento médio foi 1,4x10(6) ± 2,6x10(5)UFC/ml. Segundo a ordem das freqüências, as bactérias encontradas foram: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Serratia liquefaciens. De todas as bactérias isoladas, as Gram-positivas e as Gram-negativas compreenderam 91,2 por cento e 8,8 por cento, respectivamente. Dentre as Gram-positivas, a mais freqüente foi Bacillus sp.(31,2 por cento) e a menos, Staphylococcus saprophyticcus (3,0 por cento). Quanto às bactérias Gram-negativas, a mais encontrada foi Escherichia coli (50,1 por cento) e a menos, Serratia liquefaciens (6,2 por cento)(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Antibiose , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologia , Incisivo/microbiologia , Ratos Wistar/microbiologia , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologiaRESUMO
Identificou-se a microbiota normal da região peri-alveolar de incisivos em 72 ratos Wistar, com 70-90 dias de idade e 280-330g de peso. As bactérias foram coletadas com suabes embebidos em solução salina. Do material depositado em tubo contendo 460µl de Brain Heart Infusion e diluído em 1:10, retirou-se 1µl para semeadura em placas de Petri. O crescimento médio foi 1,4x10(6) ± 2,6x10(5)UFC/ml. Segundo a ordem das freqüências, as bactérias encontradas foram: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Serratia liquefaciens. De todas as bactérias isoladas, as Gram-positivas e as Gram-negativas compreenderam 91,2 por cento e 8,8 por cento, respectivamente. Dentre as Gram-positivas, a mais freqüente foi Bacillus sp.(31,2 por cento) e a menos, Staphylococcus saprophyticcus (3,0 por cento). Quanto às bactérias Gram-negativas, a mais encontrada foi Escherichia coli (50,1 por cento) e a menos, Serratia liquefaciens (6,2 por cento)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Antibiose , Alvéolo Dental/microbiologia , Incisivo/microbiologia , Ratos Wistar/microbiologia , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologiaRESUMO
The effectiveness of medicinal herbs as antimicrobial agents was tested on isolated microorganisms from an induced alveolitis and on alveolitis in rats. Sixteen ethanolic extracts from plants were prepared and tested. The plant materials were selected from ethnobotanic data and the best result was obtained with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. The activity on Enterococcus, Bacillus corineforme, Streptococcus viridans and S. beta-hemolytic was better than the one presented by the antibiotic currently used for the treatment of alveolitis. The extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi has shown good wound-healing activity by histological analysis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolo Seco/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Anacardiaceae , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Alvéolo Seco/induzido quimicamente , Alvéolo Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Neste estudo, foram analisados os resultados do pós-operatório de 511 exodontias, realizadas no ambulátorio de cirurgia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, no decorrer das disciplinas de Cirurgia I e II. Tais extraçöes foram efetuadas pelo alunos de 5§ e 6§ semestres do curso de Odontologia. Avaliou-se a incidência de alveolite de cada dentre, isoladamente, de cada grupo de dentes, por hemiarcadas, e no total. Os resultados sugerem que a menor experiência do profissional pode ser um dos fatores etiológicos da alveolite