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2.
Dev Change ; 43(1): 229-51, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22662348

RESUMO

The US Food and Drug Administration is expected to approve AquAdvantage Salmon as the first genetically modified animal for human consumption. The genetic modifications allow the proprietary fish to grow at a rate twice as fast as a wild salmon, leading to greater 'efficiency' in terms of reduced costs and reduced time to market. This article provides an analysis of the ways in which AquAdvantage Salmon exemplifies capitalist market forces controlling and guiding the terms of salmon recovery and conservation. The authors trace historical developments within the salmon industry to demonstrate how capitalist commodity production has impacted fishing communities. They reject the oft-cited 'tragedy of the commons' hypothesis offered to explain fisheries crises. In its place, they offer the conceptual framework of the 'tragedy of the commodity' to explore how capitalist market forces and complicit state regulations amplify rather than resolve global environmental problems.


Assuntos
Economia , Pesqueiros , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados , Salmão , United States Food and Drug Administration , Animais , Economia/história , Economia/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesqueiros/economia , Pesqueiros/história , Pesqueiros/legislação & jurisprudência , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/história , Abastecimento de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/economia , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Estados Unidos/etnologia , United States Food and Drug Administration/economia , United States Food and Drug Administration/história , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência
4.
N Biotechnol ; 27(5): 588-92, 2010 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20580682

RESUMO

Argentina is the second largest grower of genetically modified (GM) crops. This high level of adoption of this new agricultural technology is the result of a complex combination of circumstances. We can identify four main causes that led to this: political support (from agriculture officials), ability to solve prevalent farmers' needs, economic and environmental factors and an early implementation of effective regulations. The political willingness to study this new technology and crops as well as the recruitment of sound professionals and scientists to perform the task was crucial. These professionals, with very diverse backgrounds, created the necessary regulatory framework to work with these new crops. Farmers played a decisive role, as adopting this new technology solved some of their agronomic problems, helped them perform more sustainable agronomic practices and provided economic benefits. Nonetheless, all these advancements had not been possible without a rational, science-based and flexible regulatory framework that would make sure that the GM crops were safe for food, feed and processing.


Assuntos
Agricultura/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Meio Ambiente , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Agricultura/métodos , Argentina , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor/legislação & jurisprudência , Alimentos/economia , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/economia , Humanos , Medição de Risco/economia
6.
Environ Biosafety Res ; 4(3): 179-88, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16634223

RESUMO

This paper analyzes some important issues surrounding possible deployment of genetically engineered (GE) insect-resistant potato in Peru, based on a large farmer survey held in Peru in 2003. We found that the formal seed system plays a limited role compared with the informal seed system, especially for smallholder farmers. Although 97% of smallholder farmers would buy seed of an insect-resistant variety, a majority would buy it only once every 2 to 4 years. Survey data show that farmers would be willing to pay a premium of 50% on seed cost for insect resistant varieties. Paying price premiums of 25% to 50%, farmers would still increase their net income, assuming insect resistance is high and pesticide use will be strongly reduced. Of all farmers, 55% indicated preference for insect-resistant potato in varieties other than their current varieties. The survey indicates that smallholder farmers are interested to experiment with new varieties and have a positive perception of improved varieties. Based on these findings, and considering the difficulties implementing existing biosafety regulatory systems such as those in place in the U.S. and E.U., we propose to develop a variety-based segregation system to separate GE from conventionally bred potatoes. In such a system, which would embrace the spread of GE potatoes through informal seed systems, only a limited number of sterile varieties would be introduced that are easily distinguishable from conventional varieties.


Assuntos
Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/métodos , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/economia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Solanum tuberosum/classificação , Agricultura/normas , Análise Custo-Benefício , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/normas , Humanos , Propriedade , Peru , Controle Biológico de Vetores/economia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Sementes/fisiologia , Solanum tuberosum/economia , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
São Paulo; Moderna; 2 ed; 2004. 232 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf.(Polêmica).
Monografia em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-560382

RESUMO

Este livro tem a intenção de apontar a complexidade de fatores que contribuem para a existência da fome, que, segundo o autor, é uma situação escandalosa ou vergonhosa e a prova mais contundente do fracasso da nossa civilização, ainda mais quando se sabe que a fome é uma criação humana e possível de ser superada pela vontade pública.


Assuntos
Humanos , Economia , Fome , Crescimento Demográfico , Política Pública , Agricultura/economia , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/economia , Produção de Alimentos , Renda , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Pobreza/economia
8.
Trends Biotechnol ; 21(9): 389-93, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12948671

RESUMO

Biotechnology has the potential to introduce new food safety risks, liabilities and benefits, and although privately managed supply chains (involving proactive management of the production of branded products) are effective at providing, managing and communicating adequate information about products with well understood risks, products with uncertain risks pose a greater challenge. The demand for increased product information regarding genetically modified content, in particular, places new constraints on food supply chains, frequently resulting in communication failures. Here we assess and reject mandatory labeling as an appropriate response.


Assuntos
Rotulagem de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/normas , Marketing/economia , Austrália , Colômbia , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor/legislação & jurisprudência , Europa (Continente) , Indústria Alimentícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Rotulagem de Alimentos/economia , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/economia , Humanos , Japão , Legislação sobre Alimentos/tendências , Nova Zelândia , América do Norte , Opinião Pública
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