RESUMO
Plants have profound therapeutic benefits, more economical treatments, fewer side effects, and a relatively cheap cost, making them a source of drugs for protective, preventative, curative, or conducive purposes and creating novel phytomedicines. Plant derived medicines are relatively safe compared to synthetic medicines. Many plants have proved to successfully aid in the treatment of diabetes including Filago hurdwarica (Wall. ex DC.) Wagenitz. The current investigations were therefore designed to assess the phytochemical, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities of F. hurdwarica. The phytochemical investigations and antioxidant activities of different extracts were carried out using standard chemical tests, DPPH, and H2O2 scavenging assays. F. hurdwarica plant extract in Hydromethanolic solution were prepared by Soxhletation method and stored in refrigerator at 4°C for two days before use. Swiss Albino mice were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hydromethanolic plant extract and fractions of F. hurdwarica were screened for antidiabetic activity and given to the alloxan-induced diabetic mice at a concentration of 150-250 mg/kg of body weight in different groups of 6 diabetic mice each orally once a day for 15 days. Glibenclamide is also given to another group to as a standard drug to support the result at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight orally once a day for 15 days. Blood glucose levels and body weights of mice were measured on 0, 4, 7, 11 and 15th days. The study found that the extract was safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg and the dose response effect of chloroform extract (150-250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica showed expressive antihyperglycemic effects and also improved other altered biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. The FTIR and XRD spectra demonstrated the occurrence of phenols, alcohols, alkenes, alkyl halides, ketones, and aromatic compounds and confirmed the amorphous nature of the extract. GC-MS spectral analysis showed the tentative presence of 31 phytochemical constituents in the chloroform extract of F. hurdwarica with different retention time. To conclude, the chloroform extract (250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica revealed considerable antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic potential and is safe for treating diabetes and related complications.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Alcenos/uso terapêutico , Aloxano/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Glicemia , Peso Corporal , Clorofórmio/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Glibureto/uso terapêutico , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hipolipemiantes/química , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Cetonas/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Fenóis/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Ocimum gratissimum is used in popular medicine to treat painful diseases. The antihypernociceptive properties of O. gratissimum essential oil and two of its active components (eugenol and myrcene) were tested in a model of neuropathic pain induced by a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. In tests to determine chronic antinociception, adult male C57BL/6 J mice were treated orally with corn oil (control group), O. gratissimum essential oil at doses of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg or eugenol or myrcene at doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 14 days after surgery. Pregabalin (20 mg/kg) was used as a standard in this study. The treatment with 20 and 40 mg/kg of O. gratissimum essential oil and at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg of the active components were able to promote antihypernociception in both mechanical (von Frey) and thermal (hot plate) tests. The treatment with the essential oil of the plant or eugenol was effective in reducing the levels of interleukin-1ß in the sciatic nerve. Our findings demonstrate that O. gratissimum essential oil and its isolated active components possess antihypernociceptive activity in neuropathic pain models.
Assuntos
Alcenos/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Eugenol/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos/uso terapêutico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Ocimum/química , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animais , Brasil , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
Myrsinoic acid B (AMB) is a prenylated-benzoic acid derivative isolated from the Rapanea genus. Recent studies suggest that AMB has antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive properties in different animal models. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms involved in antinociception elicited by AMB (60 mg/kg) when administered by intraperitonial route (i.p.) in mice. The antinociceptive response of the compound was characterized by a reduction in contractions of the abdominal muscle, together with stretching of the hind limbs in response to i.p. injection of acetic acid (0.6%, 0.45 ml/mouse). The antinociception caused by AMB in the acetic acid test was significantly attenuated by i.p. treatment of mice with nitric oxide precursor, (L-arginine, 600 mg/kg), alpha2 and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists (yohimbine, 0.2 mg/kg/prazosin, 0.2 mg/kg), p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (100 mg/kg), 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-phthalimidobutyl)piperazine (NAN 190), a 5-HT1(A) selective receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/kg) and a non-selective cholinergic antagonist (atropine, 10 mg/kg). Its action was also modulated by the adrenal-gland hormones. In contrast, antinociception was not affected by naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg), phaclofen (2.0 mg/kg) and bicuculline (1.0 mg/kg) GABA(B) and GABA(A) receptor antagonists, respectively, ondansetron (0.3 mg/kg) and ketaserin (1.0 mg/kg), (5-HT3 and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively) and haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), a non-selective dopaminergic receptor. The antinociceptive effects are not related to muscle-relaxant or sedative action. These results indicate that AMB produces antinociception through mechanisms that involve interaction with L-arginine-nitric oxide, the serotonergic and cholinergic systems, as well as interaction with the alpha-adrenoceptors.