RESUMO
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare entity characterized by abnormal dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi (tracheobronchomegaly). Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is a non fermenting gram-negative pathogen common in extra-and intra-hospital environment, which may be related to immunosuppression states. We describe the case of a 75 years old male, ex-smoker with moderate functional obstruction, chronic respiratory failure and chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeuriginosa. He had an infectious exacerbation of his disease, reason that previously required several hospital admissions. The patient was treated with antibiotics and his evolution was favourable with negativization in cultures of the pathogen. This is the first description of the isolation of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans as a cause of respiratory infection in a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Traqueobroncomegalia/complicações , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/complicaçõesRESUMO
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare entity characterized by abnormal dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi (tracheobronchomegaly). Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is a non fermenting gram-negative pathogen common in extra-and intra-hospital environment, which may be related to immunosuppression states. We describe the case of a 75 years old male, ex-smoker with moderate functional obstruction, chronic respiratory failure and chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeuriginosa. He had an infectious exacerbation of his disease, reason that previously required several hospital admissions. The patient was treated with antibiotics and his evolution was favourable with negativization in cultures of the pathogen. This is the first description of the isolation of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans as a cause of respiratory infection in a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Traqueobroncomegalia/complicações , Idoso , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/complicaçõesRESUMO
This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a new o-nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBA)-degrading bacterium, Alcaligenes sp. ND1. ND1 degraded almost all ONBA (100 mg L-1) in M9 medium within 36 hours. The key enzyme(s) involved in the initial biodegradation was a constitutively intracellular enzyme(s). This bacterium has great potential utility for bioremediation.
Esse trabalho relata o isolamento e a caracterização de uma nova bactéria degradadora de o-nitrobenzaldeido (ONBA), Alcaligenes sp ND1. A bactéria ND1 decompôs todo o ONBA (100 mg.L-1) do meio M9 em 36 horas. A enzima-chave envolvida na biodegradação inicial foi uma enzima constitutiva intracelular. Esta bactéria apresenta um potencial de aplicação para bioremediação.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Enzimas , Nitrobenzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Biodegradação Ambiental , Métodos , MétodosRESUMO
The purpose of the present work was to inform about the first case of meningitis associated to the bacteria Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a patient with HIV/AIDS. The patient was a 46-year-old male, with the antecedent of have been diagnosed for HIV/ AIDS, who attended in the Hospital Universitario de Colima, Mexico, with fever, shock and meningismus. The study of the cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis, elevated protein levels and hypoglycorrhachia. The culture yielded the presence of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans with sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. After 14 days of treatment with this antibiotic, the patient showed neurologic improvement and was able to continue with his outpatient antiretroviral treatment. The present case shows the importance of the inclusion of this bacterium in the differential diagnosis of the neurological infections in HIV/AIDS patients and emphasizes the importance of considering the bacterial meningitis in this population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The purpose of the present work was to inform about the first case of meningitis associated to the bacteria Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a patient with HIV/AIDS. The patient was a 46-year-old male, with the antecedent of have been diagnosed for HIV/ AIDS, who attended in the Hospital Universitario de Colima, Mexico, with fever, shock and meningismus. The study of the cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis, elevated protein levels and hypoglycorrhachia. The culture yielded the presence of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans with sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. After 14 days of treatment with this antibiotic, the patient showed neurologic improvement and was able to continue with his outpatient antiretroviral treatment. The present case shows the importance of the inclusion of this bacterium in the differential diagnosis of the neurological infections in HIV/AIDS patients and emphasizes the importance of considering the bacterial meningitis in this population.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated waters, mud or soils. They are capable of growing in mineral medium with different chemicals as carbon source, such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Most of these strains tolerate high concentrations (up to 30% v/v) of the xenobiotic substrates. This is particularly important for the development of fermenting processes to treat effluents or residues with a high content of contaminating compounds. An ion-specific potentiometric electrode (CO2) has been developed to measure CO2 production continuously. When the different strains were incubated in a mineral medium and in the presence of the corresponding substrate, a parallel between growth, substrate consumption and CO2 production was found. The developed system is suggested as an efficient and economical alternative to evaluate the potential of biodegradation by different microorganisms.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Carbono/metabolismo , Eletrodos , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Micrococcus/metabolismo , Potenciometria/instrumentação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Xenobióticos/metabolismo , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Alcanos/metabolismo , Arocloros/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Calibragem , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Desenho de Equipamento , Fermentação , Micrococcus/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Estireno/metabolismo , Tolueno/metabolismo , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição Química da ÁguaRESUMO
Bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated waters, mud or soils. They are capable of growing in mineral medium with different chemicals as carbon source, such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Most of these strains tolerate high concentrations (up to 30 v/v) of the xenobiotic substrates. This is particularly important for the development of fermenting processes to treat effluents or residues with a high content of contaminating compounds. An ion-specific potentiometric electrode (CO2) has been developed to measure CO2 production continuously. When the different strains were incubated in a mineral medium and in the presence of the corresponding substrate, a parallel between growth, substrate consumption and CO2 production was found. The developed system is suggested as an efficient and economical alternative to evaluate the potential of biodegradation by different microorganisms.(AU)
Assuntos
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Eletrodos , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Micrococcus/metabolismo , Potenciometria/instrumentação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Xenobióticos/metabolismo , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Alcanos/metabolismo , Arocloros/metabolismo , Calibragem , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Desenho de Equipamento , Fermentação , Micrococcus/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Estireno/metabolismo , Tolueno/metabolismo , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição Química da ÁguaRESUMO
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a rare cause of bacteremia, and little information on treatment is available. The majority of patients who have developed Achromobacter bacteremia have presented predisposing causes to the infection. A case of community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia due to A. xylosoxidans in a previously healthy patient is reported. Achromobacter is usually resistant to ampicillin, cephalosporins (1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation), aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibit most isolates.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alcaligenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
La bacteriemia causada por Achromobacter xylosoxidans es rara y hay poca información con repecto a su tratamiento. La mayoría de los pacientes que han desarrollado bacteriemia por Achromobacter han presentado causas predisponentes a la infección. Se informa aquí un caso de bacteriemia y neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en un paciente previamente sano. Achromobacter es usualmente resistente a amplicilina, cefalosporinas de primera, segunda y tercera generación, aminoglucósidos y quinolomas. Piperacilina sola o en combinación con tazobactama, impenem y trimetoprima-sulfametozaxol inhiben la mayoría de los aislamientos. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Alcaligenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
La bacteriemia causada por Achromobacter xylosoxidans es rara y hay poca información con repecto a su tratamiento. La mayoría de los pacientes que han desarrollado bacteriemia por Achromobacter han presentado causas predisponentes a la infección. Se informa aquí un caso de bacteriemia y neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en un paciente previamente sano. Achromobacter es usualmente resistente a amplicilina, cefalosporinas de primera, segunda y tercera generación, aminoglucósidos y quinolomas. Piperacilina sola o en combinación con tazobactama, impenem y trimetoprima-sulfametozaxol inhiben la mayoría de los aislamientos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alcaligenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Two phenol-degrading microorganisms were isolated from Amazonian rain forest soil samples after enrichment in the presence of phenol and a high salt concentration. The yeast Candida tropicalis and the bacterium Alcaligenes faecoalis were identified using several techniques, including staining, morphological observation and biochemical tests, fatty acid profiles and 16S/18S rRNA sequencing. Both isolates, A. faecalis and C. tropicalis, were used in phenol degradation assays, with Rhodococcus erythropolis as a reference phenol-degrading bacterium, and compared to microbial populations from wastewater samples collected from phenol-contaminated environments. C. tropicalis tolerated higher concentrations of phenol and salt (16 mM and 15%, respectively) than A. faecalis (12 mM and 5.6%). The yeast also tolerated a wider pH range (3-9) during phenol degradation than A. faecalis (pH 7-9). Phenol degradation was repressed in C. tropicalis by acetate and glucose, but not by lactate. Glucose and acetate had little effect, while lactate stimulated phenol degradation in A. faecalis. To our knowledge, these soils had never been contaminated with man-made phenolic compounds and this is the first report of phenol-degrading microorganisms from Amazonian forest soil samples. The results support the idea that natural uncontaminated environments contain sufficient genetic diversity to make them valid choices for the isolation of microorganisms useful in bioremediation.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Candida/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Alcaligenes/classificação , Alcaligenes/genética , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Biodegradação Ambiental , Brasil , Candida/classificação , Candida/genética , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Derivatives of anionic surfactants, specially naphthalene sulphonates, when discharged into natural waters are accumulated in waters and sediments because of their poor biodegradability. A four-membered bacterial community, able to degrade the sodium salt of 2-naphthalene-sulphonic acid (2NS), was isolated from Río Reconquista. All the isolated strains consisted of gram-negative, strictly aerobic rods, with a strong proteolytic activity and resistance to high levels of cations like Cr (III), Hg (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II). Some of them were resistant to gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol. These strains appeared to be related to the genera Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes. When isolated, if growing on 2NS, a brown-dark pigment is formed by three of them, resulting in an inhibition of growth. The presence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain avoided the production of pigment and resulting in a complete consume of 2NS.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Naftalenossulfonatos/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismoRESUMO
Se estudiaron los microorganismos de identificacion dificil referidos al laboratorio de bacteriologia del Instituto Nacional de Salud por 5 Instituciones. En 70 casos fue posible obtener una identificacion completa y responsabilizar al microorganismo aislado como agente etiologico de un cuadro clinico. Se trataba de 28 cuadros de septicemia, 26 de meningitis, 4 respiratorios, 7 genitourinarios y 6 varios que incluyeron heridas, abcesos, y conjuntivitis. Los identificados fueron: Serratia en el 38%, Acinetobacter en el 21.4%, Moraxella en el 10%, Alcaligenes en el 8.7%, Aeromonas en el 7.2%, Listeria en el 5.7%, Estreptobacilos en el 4.3% Corynebacterium en el 4.3%, Achromabacter, Cardiobacterium y los grupos M3 y M4 aparece cada uno con el 1.4% constituyendose en verdaderas curiosidades biologicas
Assuntos
Humanos , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Acinetobacter/patogenicidade , Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Aeromonas/patogenicidade , Alcaligenes/isolamento & purificação , Alcaligenes/patogenicidade , Infecções Bacterianas , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , Corynebacterium/patogenicidade , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/patogenicidade , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Listeria monocytogenes/patogenicidade , Moraxella/isolamento & purificação , Moraxella/patogenicidade , Serratia/isolamento & purificação , Serratia/patogenicidade , ColômbiaRESUMO
Very little is known of the microflora in tortillas, the major component in the diet of many Guatemalans and other Central Americans. Based in a Guatemalan highland Indian village, this study examined the types and amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in tortillas and in their maize precursors. Coliforms, Bacillus cereus, two species of Staphylococcus, and many types of yeast were the main contaminants, but low concentrations of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus, facultative Clostridium, and other bacterial types were also found. When tortillas were first cooked, the bacterial counts dropped to 1,000 or fewer organisms per g, a safe level for consumption. Under village conditions, bacterial counts regained precooking levels (about 10(8) organisms/g) within 24 h and rose even higher after 48 h. Reheating caused very little change; hence, bacterial levels remained very high in old tortillas kept for later consumption. A search for the sources of contamination showed that most came from water used in preparation and from the soiled hands of women preparing the tortillas. As an attempt to correct certain nutritional needs of the population, the Institute of Nutrition for Central America and Panama initiated a tortilla fortification project in the Guatemalan village. The bacterial counts in fortified tortillas did not differ significantly from those in oridinary tortillas. Furthermore, the level of contamination was constant among tortillas of different sizes and among tortillas made from different types of maize.