RESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the carryover of aflatoxin B1 from feed to lambari fish. Aflatoxins (AF) were incorporated into feed, checking the levels by HPLC. Treatments were: Control, feed without toxin; A, feed + 10 µg AFB1 kg-1; B, feed + 20 µg AFB1 kg-1; and C, feed + 50 µg AFB1 kg-1. Juveniles of lambari fish were placed in 12 aquariums at a density of 50 fish/m2. Fish were fed twice a day with extruded feed, at 5% of animal biomass. The unit sample was constituted by a pool of 10 fish. AFs B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 were quantified by HPLC in fish muscle and liver after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of experiment. There was accumulation of AFs is fish liver and muscle, mainly after 90 days. Fish from treatment C had higher levels of AFB1 in muscle when compared with the others, and AFB1 in muscle at 120 days was similar to the levels in feed. Therefore, when lambari fish is exposed on a daily and long-term basis to AFs in feed, the regulation limits for AFs in animal feed do not guarantee safety for consumers.
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fígado/química , Músculos/química , Aflatoxinas/farmacocinética , Animais , Characidae , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus fungus are secondary metabolites undergoing biotransformation rates in hepatic tissues and lipid peroxidation. Although the use of adsorbent materials became a common practice for feed grain detoxification, fundamental studies are needed to clarify the interaction occurring between mineral surfaces and organic molecules. We evaluated the differential adsorption of B1 and G1 on 10 adsorbent materials and compared it in vitro by means of fluorescence emission from solution. Three aluminosilicates showed no adsorption of B1 at all, whereas only one was inactive for G1 adsorption and seven of them showed 15.2 to 77.9% adsorption for B1 and 8.3 to 78% for G1. All these adsorbents were more selective toward G1 rather than B1 aflatoxins. This behavior can be explained by the presence of an additional cyclic ester in G1, which provides a higher electronic density to G1 molecules, thus forming more stable hydrogen bridges with respect to the cyclopentanone ring present in B1.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina B1/farmacocinética , Aflatoxinas/farmacocinética , Silicatos de Alumínio/farmacocinética , Modelos Moleculares , Adsorção , Aflatoxina B1/química , Aflatoxinas/química , Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Desintoxicação por SorçãoRESUMO
Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secudarios de hongos toxigénicos que pueden contaminar alimentos de consumo humano y animal, constituyéndose en riesgo potencial de enfermedad; hoy se conocen aproximadamente 500, entre las que se encuentran las aflatoxinas. De ésta, se han identificado 18, siendo la más importante la aflatoxina B1, considerada sustancia cancérigena en animales de experimentación. Las aflatoxinas se encuentran en cereales, nueces, frutas y semillas oleaginosas. El consumo agudo puede producir emesis, dolor abdominal, edema pulmonar, infiltración grasa y necrosis hepática. El consumo crónico de bajas cantidades guarda relación con carcinoma he patocelular en humanos. Puede afectar también el sistama inmune, las células T son más susceptibles que las células B y el efecto desaparece el consumo de la aflatoxina. También puede encontrarse anemia, alteración de la coagulación, el tiempo de protrombina y el tiempo de recalcificación del plasma. En colombia no se ha profundizado sobre el tema. Se debe considerar el impacto que pueden tener las aflatoxinas sobre la salud humana y animal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aflatoxinas/efeitos adversos , Aflatoxinas/imunologia , Aflatoxinas/farmacocinética , Aflatoxinas/farmacologia , Aflatoxinas/toxicidadeRESUMO
To study the aflatoxin-adsorbent capacity of two Mexican aluminosilicates (ALS) identified as Atapulgita (AT) and Füller earth (FE), these ALS were compared with a commercial aluminosilicate, Novasil (NV), at two concentrations (0.05 and 1.0%) added to chick diets with 55% of experimentally contaminated corn (200 micrograms/kg). Eight treatments were studied with two replicates for treatment and four chicks per cage. Results (weight gain, feed efficiency, gross and microscopic pathology) at 3 weeks showed that both Mexican ALS were as efficient as the commercial material in protecting chicks against the aflatoxin toxicity.