RESUMO
In this study, the main agents associated with endometritis in cows in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were identified and the resistance profile and virulence mechanisms of the bacterial isolates were evaluated. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes were tested for their biofilm forming ability and the antimicrobial action of bromhexine hydrochloride in combination with other antimicrobials. A total of 37 uterine lavage samples were collected from cows with endometritis. Of the 55 bacteria isolated, 25.4% were identified as T. pyogenes and 16.3% as E. coli. The bacterial isolates showed greater resistance to sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (58.2%) and tetracycline (56.3%). Among the species, E. coli showed the highest resistance rates, with 100% of isolates showing resistance to amoxicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration for the T. pyogenes isolates showed that 91.6% of the isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and tetracycline, and 75% were resistant to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. All E. coli and T. pyogenes isolates showed biofilm forming ability. The plo, fimA, and nanH genes were identified in 100% of T. pyogenes isolates. In parallel, 100% of E. coli isolates had the fimH gene, and 11.1% had the csgD gene. Bromhexine hydrochloride showed antimicrobial activity against 100% of E. coli isolates and 66.6% of T. pyogenes isolates. Furthermore, when associated with antimicrobials, bromhexine hydrochloride has a synergistic and additive effect, proving to be an option in the treatment of endometritis in cows and an alternative for reducing the use of antimicrobials.
Assuntos
Actinomycetaceae , Infecções por Actinomycetales , Antibacterianos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Endometrite , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Bovinos , Animais , Endometrite/microbiologia , Endometrite/veterinária , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Actinomycetaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinomycetaceae/genética , Actinomycetaceae/isolamento & purificação , Actinomycetaceae/classificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Infecções por Actinomycetales/tratamento farmacológico , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Farmacorresistência BacterianaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endometritis is a condition marked by inflammation of the endometrium that affects dairy cows from 21 days after parturition, causing damage to herd fertility and economic losses on farms. The use of active compounds obtained from plant sources has gained importance as disease treatment agents in farm animals due to the high resistance rates currently observed against traditional antibiotics commonly used. The study was carried out to examine the chemical composition and to investigate the antibacterial activity of rosemary, cinnamon, cloves, eucalyptus, lemon, oregano and thyme essential oils against the reference strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Fusobacterium necrophorum (ATCC 25286), Trueperella pyogenes (ATCC 19411) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), considered as typical bacteria causing endometritis. METHODOLOGY: The chemical composition of the seven essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and their antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Thirty-six components were identified in total using GC-MS analyzes. The main compounds were cinnamaldehyde (86.5% for cinnamon essential oil), eugenol (85.7% for clove essential oil), 1,8-cineol (80% for eucalyptus and 47.8% rosemary essential oils), limonene (65.5% for lemon essential oil), carvacrol (72.1% for oregano essential oil) and thymol (48.8% for thyme essential oil). The disc diffusion assay revealed that cinnamon, clove, oregano, and thyme essential oils showed the best results compared to the other three essential oils, showing the largest zone of inhibition against all bacteria evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that essential oils are a potential agent to be used as an alternative for bovine endometritis treatment.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Endometrite/veterinária , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Actinomycetaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Endometrite/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Fusobacterium necrophorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Trueperella pyogenes can be found as a commensal or pathogenic bacterium among animals causing a variety of pyogenic infections in several species. The agent appears to act primarily as an opportunistic pathogen but may disseminate and produce metastatic abscesses accompanied or not by mastitis, metritis or pneumonia. In this study, 30 porcine T. pyogenes strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing and further evaluated in relation to their resistance and genetic profiles through broth microdilution and single enzyme AFLP. All strains were susceptible to ß-lactams, florfenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin and tiamulin. The highest resistance rates were observed for sulfonamides, tetracyclines and clindamycin. All isolates could be characterized by SE-AFLP presenting more than 80% of similarity, despite their distinct origins. Four genotypes were detected with the segregation of T. pyogenes ATCC 19411 from Brazilian T. pyogenes strains. No correlation between genotypes and isolates origins and susceptibility profile was observed.
Assuntos
Actinomycetaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinomycetaceae/genética , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Actinomycetaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Actinomycetales/epidemiologia , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Genótipo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , SuínosRESUMO
Actinobaculum schaalii may be a more common urinary tract pathogen than previously described. Here we report four cases of A. schaalii UTIs and we also propose a simple identification scheme to be used in the conventional microbiology laboratory based on standard biochemical tests.