RESUMO
Two strains (pika_113T and pika_114) of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from the intestinal contents of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Results from biochemical characterization indicated that the two strains were phenotypically homogeneous and distinct from other previously described species of the genus Actinomyces. Based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome analysis, the bacteria were determined to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, being most closely related to type strains of Actinomyces denticolens and Actinomyces timonensis with a respective 97.2 and 97.1â% similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that pika_113T was well separated from any other recognized species of the genus Actinomyces and within the cluster with A. denticolens and A. timonensis. The genome of strain pika_113T displayed less than 42â% relatedness in DNA-DNA hybridization with all the available genomes of existing species of the genus Actinomyces in the NCBI database. Collectively, based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses results, we propose the novel isolates as representatives of Actinomyces gaoshouyii sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces gaoshouyii is pika_113T (=CGMCC 4.7372T=DSM 104049T), with a genomic DNA G+C content of 71 mol%.
Assuntos
Actinomyces/classificação , Intestinos/microbiologia , Lagomorpha/microbiologia , Filogenia , Actinomyces/genética , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TibetRESUMO
PURPOSE: Under certain circumstances, Actinomyces behaves as an opportunistic microorganism and can cause actinomycosis, a chronic and inflammatory granulomatous infection. The purpose of this project was to detect the presence of Actinomyces in cervical exudates from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and women with cervical cancer. METHODOLOGY: Cervical samples from 92 women were divided into three groups: CIN, cervical cancer and healthy women. Metagenomic DNA extraction was performed following the Qiagen QIAamp Mini Kit protocol. A specific fragment (675 bp) was amplified by PCR in order to detect the presence of Actinomycetales. Samples in which Actinomycetales was detected were subjected to separate amplification reactions with primer pairs for A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. meyeri and A. odontolyticus. Amplified products were observed by 2â% agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Actinomyces were found in 10â% of women with CIN, 36.6â% of women with cervical cancer and 9â% of healthy women. The species identified in this study were A. meyeri in 14/92 samples (15.2â%), A. viscosus in 10/92 samples (10.8â%), A. odontolyticus in 4/92 samples (4.3â%) and A. israelii in 6/92 samples (6.5â%). CONCLUSION: Patients with cervical cancer had a higher prevalence of the presence of Actinomyces compared to the CIN and control groups. This is the first study in which a deliberate search of this genus has been performed in women with cervical pathologies. The use of specific primers for each species facilitated their detection in comparison with traditional isolation methods. More information is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the complex role that bacterial communities may play in the development of cancer (and vice versa).
Assuntos
Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/genética , Actinomicose/microbiologia , Adulto , Colo do Útero/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Metagenômica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Thirty-two smokers and 32 non-smokers were selected and received scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with MTZ (400 mg three times daily) and AMX (500 mg three times daily) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiologic examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months after SRP. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: Both groups presented a significant improvement in all clinical parameters at 3 months after therapy (P <0.05). Non-smokers showed lower mean number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm after therapy. Fewer non-smokers exhibited at least nine of these sites at 3 months after treatment. Non-smokers also presented the greatest reductions in mean PD and gain in clinical attachment between baseline and 3 months after therapy at initially deep (PD ≥7 mm) sites (P <0.01). The most beneficial changes in the microbial profile were also observed in the non-smoker group, which showed the lowest proportions of the orange complex at 3 months, as well as a significant increase in the proportions of Actinomyces species after treatment. CONCLUSION: Smokers with CP benefit less than non-smokers from treatment by the combination of SRP, MTZ, and AMX.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Fumar , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Terapia Combinada , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal/educação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Aplainamento Radicular/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the association between detectable plasmatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (HVL) and high levels of periodontal- and non-periodontal-related microorganisms in the subgingival microbiota of individuals with HIV. METHODS: Thirty-seven individuals with HIV were divided into two groups: 1) detectable HVL (n = 15); and 2) undetectable HVL (n = 22). Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained, and the levels of 35 microbial species were determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. Periodontal clinical measures and laboratory and sociodemographic data were also registered. χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare groups. Multilevel ordinal regression models were used to test the association between HVL and the levels of 35 microbial species in subgingival biofilm, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: Of the 35 species studied, 11 (31.4%) showed higher mean levels in the detectable HVL group than undetectable HVL group (P <0.001). These species included Actinomyces naeslundii II, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter concisus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Candida albicans. Significant associations between detectable HVL and high levels of microorganisms, adjusted for confounders, were observed for A. naeslundii I, Actinomyces gerencseriae, C. gingivalis, E. corrodens, C. concisus, Prevotella nigrescens, T. forsythia, and Dialister pneumosintes. CONCLUSION: Detectable plasmatic HVL in individuals with HIV was associated with elevated levels of known periodontal pathogens, such as P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, and E. corrodens, as well as C. concisus, C. gingivalis, and D. pneumosintes in the subgingival biofilm.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/classificação , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Carga Viral , Viremia/sangue , Actinomyces/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Bactérias/classificação , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Capnocytophaga/isolamento & purificação , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Eikenella corrodens/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Gengiva/microbiologia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Veillonella/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Suppuration (SUP) on probing may be an indication of active periodontal breakdown. The aim of the present study is to analyze which subgingival species are associated with SUP in patients with chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 156 patients with CP and 66 with AgP were submitted to full-mouth periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm sampling (14 sites/patient). The counts of 44 bacterial species were determined by checkerboard. Comparisons between groups and sites were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. Associations between frequency of SUP and bacterial species were analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The prevalence of SUP in patients with CP was 24.4%, and in patients with AgP it was 30.3%, and the percentage of SUP sites in the groups was 5.72% ± 1.06% and 6.96% ± 1.70%, respectively (P >0.05). SUP sites from patients with CP had significantly higher counts of Veillonella parvula, Dialister pneumosintes, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella nigrescens than SUP sites from patients with AgP (P <0.005). Significant positive correlations between high frequency of SUP and high levels of Actinomyces spp, Streptococcus spp., members of the orange complex, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed in patients with CP (P <0.05). In patients with AgP, Actinomyces oris, Propionibacterium acnes, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sanguinis were positively associated with SUP, whereas Prevotella intermedia presented a negative association with SUP (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SUP sites from patients with CP harbored significantly higher counts of several periodontal species than SUP sites from patients with AgP. Actinomyces spp., Streptococcus spp., members of the orange complex, T. forsythia, and certain non-oral pathogens were associated with a high number of sites with SUP.
Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Bactérias/classificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolamento & purificação , Actinomyces/classificação , Adulto , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Biofilmes , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Bacilos Gram-Negativos Anaeróbios Retos, Helicoidais e Curvos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella nigrescens/isolamento & purificação , Propionibacterium acnes/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Fumar , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/classificação , Streptococcus sanguis/isolamento & purificação , Supuração/microbiologia , Veillonella/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with different oral hygiene indexes using of two 16S rRNA gene libraries. Each library was composed of samples from patients with different averages of the differentiated Silness-Löe biofilm index: the first library (A) with an index between 1.0 and 3.0 (considered a high index) and the second library (B) between 0 and 0.5 (considered a low index). Saliva DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and cloned. The obtained sequences were compared with those stored at NCBI and RDP GenBank. The saliva of patients with high index presented five known genera - Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella and Peptostreptococcus - and 33.3% of nonculturable bacteria grouped into 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The saliva of patients with low index differed significantly from the first library (p=0.000) and was composed of 42 OTUs distributed into 11 known genera - Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella, Oribacterium, Haemophilus, Escherichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces - including 24.87% of nonculturable bacteria. It was possible to conclude that there is greater bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with low dental plaque in relation to patients with high dental plaque.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Biofilmes/classificação , Índice de Higiene Oral , Saliva/microbiologia , Actinomyces/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Capnocytophaga/classificação , Carnobacteriaceae/classificação , Escherichia/classificação , Feminino , Gemella/classificação , Biblioteca Gênica , Haemophilus/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Microbiota , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria/classificação , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Índice Periodontal , Prevotella/classificação , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Streptococcus/classificação , Veillonella/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with different oral hygiene indexes using of two 16S rRNA gene libraries. Each library was composed of samples from patients with different averages of the differentiated Silness-Löe biofilm index: the first library (A) with an index between 1.0 and 3.0 (considered a high index) and the second library (B) between 0 and 0.5 (considered a low index). Saliva DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and cloned. The obtained sequences were compared with those stored at NCBI and RDP GenBank. The saliva of patients with high index presented five known genera - Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella and Peptostreptococcus - and 33.3% of nonculturable bacteria grouped into 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The saliva of patients with low index differed significantly from the first library (p=0.000) and was composed of 42 OTUs distributed into 11 known genera - Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella, Oribacterium, Haemophilus, Escherichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces - including 24.87% of nonculturable bacteria. It was possible to conclude that there is greater bacterial diversity in the saliva of patients with low dental plaque in relation to patients with high dental plaque.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a diversidade bacteriana da saliva de pacientes com diferentes índices de higiene bucal através da construção de duas bibliotecas do gene 16S rRNA. Cada biblioteca foi composta por amostras de saliva de pacientes com índice de biofilme dental de Silness-Löe diferenciado, sendo a primeira (A) com índice de 1,0 a 3,0 (denominada de alto índice) e a segunda (B), entre 0 a 0,5 (denominada de baixo índice). O DNA da saliva foi extraído e o gene 16S rRNA foi amplificado, clonado e sequenciado. As sequências obtidas foram comparadas com aquelas armazenadas no GenBank do NCBI e RDP. A saliva de pacientes com alto índice de biofilme dental apresentou cinco gêneros conhecidos: Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella e Peptostreptococcus e 33,3% de bactérias não-cultivadas, agrupados em 23 unidades taxonômicas operacionais (UTOs). A saliva de pacientes com baixo índice de biofilme dental, foi diferente significativamente da primeira (p=0,000) e foi composta de 42 UTOs, distribuídas em 11 gêneros conhecidos: Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella, Veillonella, Oribacterium, Haemophilus, Escherichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces, além de 24,87% de bactérias não-cultivadas. Pode-se concluir que existe maior diversidade bacteriana na saliva de pacientes com baixo índice de biofilme dental em relação a pacientes com alto índice de biofilme dental.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Bactérias/classificação , Biofilmes/classificação , Índice de Higiene Oral , Saliva/microbiologia , Actinomyces/classificação , Capnocytophaga/classificação , Carnobacteriaceae/classificação , Escherichia/classificação , Biblioteca Gênica , Gemella/classificação , Haemophilus/classificação , Microbiota , Neisseria/classificação , Índice Periodontal , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Prevotella/classificação , RNA Bacteriano/análise , /análise , Streptococcus/classificação , Veillonella/classificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the bacterial community structures associated with endodontic infections using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and to investigate the correlation of whole community profiles with the manifestation of particular clinical features. METHODS: Intraradicular samples were collected from 34 subjects and classified into three study groups based on the observed clinical symptoms: acute (n = 16), sub-acute (n = 8), and asymptomatic (n = 10). Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample, submitted to polymerase chain reaction using a fluorescently labeled 16S ribosomal DNA forward primer, and digested with two tetrameric endonucleases (HhaI and MspI). The terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) were subsequently discriminated in an automated DNA sequencer, and the results were filtered using a statistics-based criterion. RESULTS: Totals of 138 (HhaI) and 145 (MspI) unique T-RFs were detected (means 13.1 and 11.9) and there was high inter-subject variability in the bacterial assemblages. Odds-ratio analysis unveiled the existence of higher order groups of positively associated T-RFs, restating the concept that intricate ecological relationships may take place in the root canal space. A significantly greater T-RF prevalence was detected in acute cases, suggesting a straight correlation between species richness and spontaneous pain. CONCLUSION: Overall, no T-RFLP profile representing a specific bacterial consortium could be associated with the manifestation of symptoms of endodontic origin.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição/genética , Actinomyces/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Bactérias/genética , Bacteroides/classificação , Campylobacter sputorum/classificação , Capnocytophaga/classificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Desoxirribonuclease HpaII , Desoxirribonucleases de Sítio Específico do Tipo II , Eubacterium/classificação , Feminino , Flavobacterium/classificação , Fusobacterium nucleatum/classificação , Humanos , Lactobacillus/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Doenças Periapicais/microbiologia , Prevotella/classificação , Selenomonas/classificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Veillonella/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Specific microbial profiles that may distinguish between generalized aggressive-periodontitis (GAgP) and generalized chronic-periodontitis (GCP) have, to date, not been described. The purpose of the present study was to describe the subgingival microbial composition of Mexican subjects with GAgP and compare it with that of individuals with GCP and periodontal health (PH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-seven subjects with GAgP (n=19), GCP (n=39) and PH (n=19) were selected. Clinical measurements included plaque accumulation, gingival erythema, bleeding on probing, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Up to 28 subgingival plaque samples were obtained from each subject and analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: GAgP and GCP subjects harboured significantly higher levels and/or proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (levels: p<0.001, proportion: p<0.01), Prevotella nigrescens (p<0.05 levels) and "red" complex species (p<0.001 proportion) than PH subjects. All GAgP subjects were carriers of P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens. No significant differences in any of the 40 microbial species tested were detected between GAgP and GCP subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that the microbial differences between GAgP and GCP subjects were only discrete and none of the bacterial species tested seemed to specifically differentiate the subgingival microbial profile of either periodontitis group.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Gengiva/microbiologia , Periodontite/classificação , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Bacteroides/classificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Placa Dentária/classificação , Eritema/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças da Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella nigrescens/isolamento & purificação , SupuraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Propionibacterium propionicus and the recently described species Actinomyces radicidentis have been isolated from infections of endodontic origin; nevertheless, the possibility exists that their actual prevalence may have been underestimated by culture. The purpose of our study was to assess the occurrence of these 2 species in different types of endodontic infections by using the sensitive 16S rDNA-based nested polymerase chain reaction approach. STUDY DESIGN: To detect these 2 species, nested polymerase chain reaction was performed directly in samples taken from primary endodontic infections associated with asymptomatic periradicular lesions, acute apical periodontitis, or acute periradicular abscesses and in samples from patients in whom endodontic therapy had failed. DNA was extracted from the samples and initially amplified by using universal 16S rDNA primers. In the second round of amplification, the first polymerase chain reaction products were used to detect a specific 16S rDNA fragment of either P propionicus or A radicidentis. RESULTS: P propionicus was detected in 6/21 (29%) root canal samples from teeth with chronic periradicular lesions, in 5/10 (50%) cases diagnosed as acute apical periodontitis, and in 7/19 (37%) pus samples aspirated from acute periradicular abscesses. Overall, this species was found in 18/50 (36%) samples taken from primary endodontic infections. Of the root canal samples obtained from root-filled teeth with chronic periradicular lesions, P propionicus was detected in 7/12 (58%) cases. A radicidentis was detected in 1/21 (5%) root canal samples from teeth with chronic periradicular lesions and in 1/10 (10%) cases of acute apical periodontitis. No pus sample yielded this species. In general, A radicidentis was detected in 2/50 (4%) samples taken from primary endodontic infections and in 1/12 (8%) root canal samples taken from patients in whom endodontic treatment had failed. CONCLUSIONS: P propionicus was found in a relatively large number of patients with primary and persistent endodontic infections. This strengthens the assumption that this bacterial species is an endodontic pathogen associated with different forms of periradicular diseases. In contrast, A radicidentis was only occasionally detected in the patients examined. The role played by this species in endodontic infections remains to be clarified.
Assuntos
Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomicose/microbiologia , Doenças da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Propionibacterium/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso Periapical/microbiologia , Doenças Periapicais/microbiologia , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 16SRESUMO
Studies of the microbiota from the canals of teeth with failure of endodontic therapy have revealed that it differs markedly from that of untreated necrotic dental pulps. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota of 30 root-filled teeth with persisting periapical lesions and to test the antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent species. Microbial samples, isolation and speciation were done using advanced microbiologic techniques for anaerobic species. A total of 55 bacterial species were isolated, 80% were gram-positives and 58% facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The bacterial genera most frequently recovered were Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Actinomyces. Antibiotic sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis and Peptostreptococcus spp. was accomplished with the E-test system. All species studied were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin combined with clavulanate. However, 20% of the E.faecalis strains were resistant to erythromycin and 60% to azithromycin. It was concluded that microbial flora in canals after endodontic failure comprised predominantly facultative anaerobes and gram-positive species. E.faecalis was the species most frequently isolated and showed erythromycin and azithromycin resistance among the isolates.
Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/classificação , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Quimioterapia Combinada/farmacologia , Enterococcus/classificação , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactamas , Macrolídeos , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Periapicais/microbiologia , Streptococcus/classificação , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To define the subgingival microbial profiles of adult subjects from a previously identified rural community of indigenous Indians in Guatemala, Central America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed in 114 adult subjects from 45 families. Plaque samples were collected from both deep and shallow periodontal pockets and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was employed to identify 17 species previously associated with periodontitis or health. RESULTS: Plaque deposits and gingivitis were universal and widespread, and periodontal pocketing > or =5 mm was highly prevalent (84% of subjects). Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 and Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly more prevalent in shallow sites. At the subject level, Actinomyces naeslundii and Peptostreptococcus micros were significantly more prevalent in periodontally-healthy subjects. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any sample. CONCLUSION: There was no association between periodontal disease status and presence of suspected periodontal pathogens. These latter results conflict somewhat with those from treated populations. However, in this population where extensive plaque deposits and gingivitis are universal, the presence of putative pathogens may be more reflective of the local environment.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Etnicidade , Gengiva/microbiologia , Indígenas Centro-Americanos , Actinomyces/classificação , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/classificação , Gengivite/microbiologia , Guatemala , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , População Rural , Estatística como Assunto , Streptococcus sanguis/classificaçãoRESUMO
There are many methods to identify anaerobic nonsporeforming bacilli: histological, bacteriological (biochemical test, microsystem API 20 A), serological, cell wall composition analysis, molecular methods and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A comparison between biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography was made in this study for the identification of this group of microorganisms. GLC conditions were established with the aid of reference strains. These conditions were then applied to ten strains which were previously identified by biochemical tests. Strains were grown in PYG broth and fermentation end products were analyzed, volatile and non volatile fatty acids. Their qualitative determination was made by comparing the retention time of known standards and the chromatographic pattern of reference strains. In addition, a semiquantitative analysis was made. The results of identification by biochemical tests were: five strains belonged to Actinomyces genus; three were Propionibacterium acnes; one Propionibacterium granulosum and one P. propionicum. By the GLC only seven strains were identified: four were Actinomyces and three P. acnes. Only six strains showed identification correlation by both biochemical tests and GLC. GLC is a presumptive identification method that can be used along with other complementary tests for a definitive identification at genus level.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Bacilos Gram-Positivos Asporogênicos/classificação , Ácidos/análise , Actinomyces/química , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Anaerobiose , Parede Celular/química , Bacilos Gram-Positivos Asporogênicos/química , Bacilos Gram-Positivos Asporogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Propionibacterium/química , Propionibacterium/classificação , Propionibacterium/isolamento & purificação , Propionibacterium acnes/química , Propionibacterium acnes/classificação , Propionibacterium acnes/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
O flúor tem uma importante participaçäo na prevençäo da cárie dentária, estando disponível principalmente na água de abastecimento. Este íon tem sido associado com a inibiçäo da desmineralizaçäo e a aceleraçäo da remineralizaçäo durante o processo carioso. A presença constante do flúor nos fluídos bucais constitui o principal fator na prevençäo da cárie. Além disso, tem-se demonstrado que o flúor na placa bacteriana pode inibir a produçäo de ácidos pelas bactérias cariogênicas. Entretanto, fluorose dentária pode ocorrer se as concentraçöes de flúor forem excessivas no interior ou nas proximidades do esmalte em formaçäo, durante sua fase de desenvolvimento pré-eruptiva. A fluorose caracteriza-se pelo aumento da porosidade na superfície e subsuperfície do esmalte, resultando em esmalte com aparência opaca. Os efeitos tóxicos do flúor sobre o esmalte em desenvolvimento estäo associados com sua influência tanto sobre os ameloblastos, como sobre o estágio de maturaçäo da formaçäo do esmalte. No momento da prescriçäo de terapia com flúor, os profissionais devem ter conhecimento da exposiçäo total do paciente ao flúor, bem como dos fatores ambientais que podem influenciar a sua absorçäo e aumentar a incidência e gravidade da fluorose dentária. O objetivo desta revisäo é discutir os mecanismos biológicos e a influência dos fatores ambientais na fluorose dentária. A participaçäo do flúor na prevençäo da cárie também será discutida, abordando a desmineralizaçäo e remineralizaçäo dentária e seu efeito inibitório sobre a placa bacteriana
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Flúor/uso terapêutico , Actinomyces viscosus/isolamento & purificação , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Desmineralização do Dente/etiologia , Flúor/análise , Flúor/efeitos adversos , Flúor/farmacologia , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Fluorose Dentária/patologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sanguis/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Actinomicose/patologia , Penicilina G/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/patologia , Sulfadimetoxina/uso terapêutico , Sulfametoxipiridazina/uso terapêutico , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/patogenicidade , Actinomycetales , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/complicações , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/epidemiologia , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/terapia , Actinomicose/diagnóstico , Actinomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Diagnóstico DiferencialAssuntos
Actinomicose/patologia , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Penicilina G/uso terapêutico , Sulfametoxipiridazina/uso terapêutico , Sulfadimetoxina/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/patologia , Actinomicose/diagnóstico , Actinomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/terapia , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/complicações , Actinomicose Cervicofacial/epidemiologia , Actinomyces/patogenicidade , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomycetales , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
After discussing the classification of the Actinomycetales, the authors give a detailed description of the epidemiology and particularly of the clinical features of cutaneous diseases induced by genera such as Actinomyces, Norcardia and Streptomyces. Histopathological and immunological studies, together with laboratory and differential diagnostics, are also examined. In the last section, present therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.