RESUMO
This paper aimed to characterize the productivity costs of people involved in traffic accidents (TA) in a medium-sized municipality. A longitudinal household-based study was conducted from 2013 to 2015. During this period, individuals with TA were interviewed, and followed-up and costs of productivity were calculated. The measured and estimated values were considered for the calculation of the gross and per capita values and facilitated the establishment of costs of lost productivity (days off work) and costs of return to productivity (health professionals, medication, transportation, auxiliary devices and vehicle repair). It was shown that the costs of loss were more significant against the costs of return. Among the items that underpin the return to productivity, higher costs were observed in men, young adults, drivers, users of two-wheeled vehicles, people with public employment relationships, intermediate age groups and fracture-type injuries. It is necessary to evaluate and target the stages of recovery of those involved to minimize the social burden generated by these events.
Este artigo objetivou caracterizar os custos de produtividade de pessoas envolvidas em acidente de trânsito (AT) em um município de médio porte. Um estudo longitudinal de base domiciliar foi realizado entre 2013 e 2015. Neste período, foram entrevistados e acompanhados indivíduos com AT e calculados os custos de produtividade. Os valores mensurados e estimados foram considerados para cálculo dos valores brutos e per capita e ajudaram a constituir os custos de perda de produtividade (dias sem trabalhar) e custos de retorno à produtividade (profissionais de saúde, medicamentos, transporte, dispositivos auxiliares e reparo de veículos). Demonstrou-se que os custos de perda foram maiores em relação aos custos de retorno. Entre os itens que compõem os de retorno à produtividade, observaram-se maiores custos em homens, adultos jovens, condutores, usuários de veículos de duas rodas, pessoas com vínculo público, em faixas etárias intermediárias e lesões do tipo fratura. São necessárias a avaliação e o direcionamento nos estágios de recuperação dos envolvidos a fim de minimizar o ônus social gerado por estes eventos.
Assuntos
Absenteísmo , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Eficiência , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Brasil , Cidades , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In 2016, Colombia's position regarding motorcyclist fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants was tenth worldwide and second in South America. In the seven years from 2012-2018, the proportion of deceased and injured motorcyclists among all road users was 50%. To analyse the significant aspects of the accident rate of motorcyclists in Colombia from 2016 to 2018 and estimate cost social value of motorcycle-related deaths. The global numbers of fatalities and injuries were compared to the Colombian context. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to explore the association of fatal trauma and motorcycle accidents. P values and odds ratios were calculated. Bogotá, Cali, and Medellín were the cities with the most accidents. The month, day, time, age of the victims, and climatic conditions had a statistically significant association with the fatal trauma. Most victims were between the ages of 20-29 years. Motorcycles were involved in more than 60% of accidents. The social cost of a life lost in a motorcycle accident was estimated at $2,418 million Colombian pesos (725,400 USD) per year. The establishment of countermeasures for the road safety of vulnerable users should focus on associated causal factors in order to develop strategies to effectively reduce the number of accidents.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Motocicletas , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Internacionalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Este artigo objetivou caracterizar os custos de produtividade de pessoas envolvidas em acidente de trânsito (AT) em um município de médio porte. Um estudo longitudinal de base domiciliar foi realizado entre 2013 e 2015. Neste período, foram entrevistados e acompanhados indivíduos com AT e calculados os custos de produtividade. Os valores mensurados e estimados foram considerados para cálculo dos valores brutos e per capita e ajudaram a constituir os custos de perda de produtividade (dias sem trabalhar) e custos de retorno à produtividade (profissionais de saúde, medicamentos, transporte, dispositivos auxiliares e reparo de veículos). Demonstrou-se que os custos de perda foram maiores em relação aos custos de retorno. Entre os itens que compõem os de retorno à produtividade, observaram-se maiores custos em homens, adultos jovens, condutores, usuários de veículos de duas rodas, pessoas com vínculo público, em faixas etárias intermediárias e lesões do tipo fratura. São necessárias a avaliação e o direcionamento nos estágios de recuperação dos envolvidos a fim de minimizar o ônus social gerado por estes eventos.
Abstract This paper aimed to characterize the productivity costs of people involved in traffic accidents (TA) in a medium-sized municipality. A longitudinal household-based study was conducted from 2013 to 2015. During this period, individuals with TA were interviewed, and followed-up and costs of productivity were calculated. The measured and estimated values were considered for the calculation of the gross and per capita values and facilitated the establishment of costs of lost productivity (days off work) and costs of return to productivity (health professionals, medication, transportation, auxiliary devices and vehicle repair). It was shown that the costs of loss were more significant against the costs of return. Among the items that underpin the return to productivity, higher costs were observed in men, young adults, drivers, users of two-wheeled vehicles, people with public employment relationships, intermediate age groups and fracture-type injuries. It is necessary to evaluate and target the stages of recovery of those involved to minimize the social burden generated by these events.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Absenteísmo , Eficiência , Brasil , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Entrevistas como Assunto , Seguimentos , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores Etários , Cidades , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Direct road mortality and the barrier effect of roads are typically identified as one of the greatest threats to wildlife. In addition, collisions with large mammals are also a threat to human safety and represent an economic cost to society. We documented and explored the effects of animal-vehicle crashes on human safety in São Paulo State, Brazil. We estimated the costs of these crashes to society, and we summarized the legal perspectives. On average, the Military Highway Police of São Paulo reported 2,611 animal-vehicle crashes per year (3.3% of total crashes), and 18.5% of these resulted in human injuries or fatalities. The total annual cost to society was estimated at R$ 56,550,642 (US $ 25,144,794). The average cost for an animal-vehicle crash, regardless of whether human injuries and fatalities occurred, was R$ 21,656 (US $ 9,629). The Brazilian legal system overwhelmingly (91.7% of the cases) holds the road administrator liable for animal-vehicle collisions, both with wild and domestic species. On average, road administrators spent R$ 2,463,380 (US $ 1,005,051) per year compensating victims. The logical conclusion is that the Brazilian legal system expects road administrators to keep animals, both wild and domestic species, off the road. We suggest an improved coordination between the laws that relate to animal-vehicle collisions and human safety, and the process for environmental licenses that focusses on reducing collisions with wildlife and providing habitat connectivity. In addition, we suggest better management practices, raising awareness and social change with regard to abandoned domesticated animals including horses, cattle, and dogs. This should ultimately result in a road system with improved human safety, reduced unnatural mortality for both domestic and wild animal species, safe crossing opportunities for wildlife, and reduced monetary costs to society.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais Selvagens/lesões , Automóveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Automóveis/legislação & jurisprudência , Ambiente Construído , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Traffic accidents cause 1.25 million deaths per year worldwide, being one of the leading causes of death in young people, and the first cause between the ages of 15 - 29. There has been an increase in accidents in the last 10 years, one of the reasons for this is the increase in the sales of motorcycles and its use. We present a retrospective study about the patients who received attention at Carlos G. Durand Hospital, (CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) from January 2013 to December of 2015, with the intention of showing the medical and economic impact this accidents cause. Of a total of 4368 incoming patients assisted, due to traffic accidents, 67% (2926) were the result of motorcycle crashes; 18% of them required hospitalization. Males, and lower limbs lesions were predominant. Hospitalizations varied between 5 and 150 days, with 2.1 average surgeries per patient. The total cost was 16 767 037$, and in 2014 it represented 17 936 US$ per patient. These results show only partially the impact these accidents produce, because there are factors (like missing working days) that were unaccounted for. This is why it is necessary to generate awareness and develop more rigorous road safety and prevention policies, necessary to avoid accidents that increase spending on preventable conditions.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Motocicletas , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A nivel mundial, los accidentes de tránsito aportan aproximadamente 1.25 millones de muertes anuales; es una de las principales causas de muerte en personas jóvenes y la primera entre los 15 y 29 años de edad. La tasa de accidentes aumentó en la última década, posiblemente debido al incremento del parque automotor y del uso de motocicletas. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo sobre los casos atendidos en el Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina, desde enero de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2015, con el objetivo de representar el costo médico que estos generan en nuestro Hospital. De un total de 4368 pacientes atendidos en guardia, a causa de accidentes de tránsito, el 67% (2926 pacientes) fue provocado por motocicletas, de estos, el 18% requirió internación. Hubo predominio de varones y de lesiones en miembros inferiores. Las internaciones variaron entre 5 y 150 días, con 2.1 cirugías promedio por paciente. El gasto total del tratamiento fue de 16 767 037$, lo que en 2014 representaban unos 17 936 US$ por paciente. Estos resultados reflejan parcialmente el costo de dichos accidentes, ya que no se tiene en cuenta otros parámetros como la caída de días laborales; es por esto que se debe generar conciencia y crear políticas de prevención y educación vial más rigurosas, necesarias para poder evitar los accidentes que incrementan el gasto en afecciones evitables.
Traffic accidents cause 1.25 million deaths per year worldwide, being one of the leading causes of death in young people, and the first cause between the ages of 15 - 29. There has been an increase in accidents in the last 10 years, one of the reasons for this is the increase in the sales of motorcycles and its use. We present a retrospective study about the patients who received attention at Carlos G. Durand Hospital, (CABA, Buenos Aires , Argentina) from January 2013 to December of 2015, with the intention of showing the medical and economic impact this accidents cause. Of a total of 4368 incoming patients assisted, due to traffic accidents, 67% (2926) were the result of motorcycle crashes; 18% of them required hospitalization. Males, and lower limbs lesions were predominant. Hospitalizations varied between 5 and 150 days, with 2.1 average surgeries per patient. The total cost was 16 767 037$, and in 2014 it represented 17 936 US$ per patient. These results show only partially the impact these accidents produce, because there are factors (like missing working days) that were unaccounted for. This is why it is necessary to generate awareness and develop more rigorous road safety and prevention policies, necessary to avoid accidents that increase spending on preventable conditions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Motocicletas , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Traffic accidents generate multiple costs to society, including those associated with the loss of productivity. However, there is no consensus about the most appropriate methodology for estimating those costs. The aim of this study was to review methods for estimating indirect costs applied in crash cost studies. METHODS: A thematic review of the literature was carried out between 1995 and 2012 in PubMed with the terms cost of illness, indirect cost, road traffic injuries, productivity loss. RESULTS: For the assessment of costs we used the the human capital method, on the basis of the wage-income lost during the time of treatment and recovery of patients and caregivers. In the case of premature death or total disability, the discount rate was applied to obtain the present value of lost future earnings. The computed years arose by subtracting to life expectancy at birth the average age of those affected who are not incorporated into the economically active life. CONCLUSIONS: The interest in minimizing the problem is reflected in the evolution of the implemented methodologies. We expect that this review is useful to estimate efficiently the real indirect costs of traffic accidents.
Introducción: los accidentes de tránsito generan múltiples costos a la sociedad, entre ellos los vinculados con la pérdida de productividad de los afectados. Sin embargo, no existe consenso respecto a la metodología más apropiada para su estimación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue revisar los métodos de estimación de costos indirectos aplicados en los estudios de costos de accidentes de tránsito. Métodos: se realizó una revisión temática de la literatura entre 1995 y 2012 en PubMed con los términos cost of illness, indirect cost, road traffic injuries, productivity loss. Resultados: para su valoración usamos el método del capital humano, a partir del salario-ingreso perdido por el tiempo de tratamiento y la recuperación del paciente y los cuidadores. En el caso de muerte prematura o discapacidad total se aplicó la tasa de descuento para obtener el valor presente de los ingresos futuros perdidos. Los años a computarse surgieron de restarle a la esperanza de vida al nacer la edad promedio de los afectados que no se incorporan a la vida económicamente activa. Conclusiones: el interés por minimizar el problema se refleja en la evolución de las metodologías implementadas. Se espera que esta revisión sea un aporte para estimar mejor los costos indirectos reales que ocasionan los accidentes de tránsito.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo/métodos , Eficiência , Renda , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Saúde Global , Humanos , Modelos Econômicos , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the social and hospital costs of patients treated at a public hospital who were motorcycle crash victims. METHOD: This prospective study was on 68 motorcycle riders (drivers or passengers), who were followed up from hospital admission to 6 months after the crash. A questionnaire covering quantitative and qualitative questions was administered. RESULTS: Motorcycle crash victims were responsible for 12% of the institution's hospital admissions; 54.4% were young (18-28 years of age); 92.6% were the drivers; 91.2% were male; and 50% used their motorcycles as daily means of transportation. Six months afterward, 94.1% needed help from someone; 83.8% had changed their family dynamics; and 73.5% had not returned to their professional activities. Among the injuries, 94.7% had some type of fracture, of which 53.5% were exposed fractures; 35.3% presented temporary sequelae; and 32.4% presented permanent sequelae. They used the surgical center 2.53 times on average, with a mean hospital stay of 18 days. The per capita hospital cost of these victims' treatment was US$17,481.50. CONCLUSION: The social and hospital costs were high, relative to the characteristics of a public institution. Temporary or permanent disability caused changes to family dynamics, as shown by the high numbers of patients who were still away from their professional activities more than 6 months afterward.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Universitários/economia , Motocicletas , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitalização/economia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: to describe hospitalization rates and to estimate hospital costs and time spent in hospital due to road traffic accidents (RTA) in Brazil, in 2013. Methods: this is an ecological study conducted using data from the Brazilian National Hospital Information System. Results: in 2013, 170,805 hospitalizations due to RTA were funded by the Brazilian National Health System; 78.2% of the individuals were male, 48.6% were from 20 to 39 years old, and 51.9% were motorcyclists; RTA hospitalization rate was of 85.0 hospitalizations/100,000 inhabitants; total cost was BRL 231,469,333.13, with 1,072,557 hospital inpatient days and average stay of 6.3 days in hospital. Conclusion: the magnitude of hospitalization due to RTA was high; victims hospitalized were mainly men, young adults and motorcyclists; average stay in hospital was almost a week, implying significant costs.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar , Hospitalização/economia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In Colombia, some studies have estimated medical costs associated to traffic accidents. It is required to assess results by city or region and determine the influence of variables such as alcohol consumption. The main objective of this study was to identify health care costs associated to traffic accidents in Bogota and determine whether alcohol consumption can increase them. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional costs study conducted in patients over 18 years treated in the emergency rooms of six different hospitals in Bogota, Colombia. RESULTS: The average total cost of medical care per patient was 628 USD, in Bogota-Colombia. The average cost per accident was estimated at 1,349 USD. On average, the total cost for health care for patients with positive blood alcohol level was 1.8 times higher than those who did not consume alcohol. The indirect costs were on average 115.3 USD per injured person. Numbers are expressed in 2011 U.S. dollars. CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption increases the risk of traffic accidents and direct medical health costs.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/economia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: cada año, cerca de 1,3 millones de personas fallecen en el mundo a raíz de un siniestro de tránsito y estos siniestros tienen una repercusión económica del 1% al 3% en el Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) respectivo de cada país. La mortalidad por siniestros de tránsito en Uruguay fue de 16 fallecidos cada 100.000 personas en los años 2012, 2013 y 2014; mientras que en el departamento de Maldonado fue de 24,3 fallecidos cada 100.000 personas en el mismo período. Objetivo: ser un aporte al Pilar 5, “Respuesta tras los accidentes” del Plan Mundial de las Naciones Unidas, brindando datos clínicos y de costos de los pacientes hospitalizados por haber participado en un siniestro de tránsito. Material y método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo que analiza la actividad de internación en los sanatorios de La Asistencial Médica Departamental de Maldonado (AMDM) durante el trienio 2012-2014. Se identificaron los egresos de pacientes que participaron en un siniestro de tránsito en los mismos años. Se obtuvo el costo de cada uno de los egresos en el período referido y se lo comparó con el costo de los pacientes siniestrados. Los costos se obtuvieron utilizando las planillas de Estructura de Costos de Atención a los Socios (planillas ECAS) que se remiten oficialmente al Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) y la metodología de los Grupos Relacionados por el Diagnóstico (GRD). Resultados: los egresos totales fueron 27.610 con un promedio de estadía de 4 días. Los egresos por siniestros fueron 740, con una estadía promedio de 7,5 días, casi el doble de la estadía promedio, y con 851 días/cama ocupados en cuidados intensivos. El 77% eran motociclistas, el 65% de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 36 años. El costo de atención de estos pacientes es 2,5 veces más elevado que el costo del paciente promedio. Conclusiones: el proceso asistencial de los pacientes que han sufrido un siniestro de tránsito y son ingresados a un hospital es muy complejo y pone a prueba la continuidad asistencial. Se debería considerar los 7,5 días de internación en promedio y el costo 2,5 veces mayor de estos pacientes con respecto al paciente promedio como una oportunidad de mejora de la atención, creando equipos eficientes de trabajo interdisciplinario y una guía clínica específica para esta tipología de pacientes. Los mismos se están constituyendo en una entidad nosológica nueva y cada vez más frecuente que nos exige nuevas formas de atención.
Abstract Introduction: every year, almost 1.3 million people in the world die as a result of traffic collisions, and these accidents represent 1% to 3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of each country. Mortality for traffic collisions in Uruguay was 16 out of 100,000 people in 2012, 2013 and 2014; whereas in the Department of Maldonado it was 24.3 fatalities every 100,000 people during the same period. Objective: to contribute to Pillar 5 of the Global Plan developed by the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration, providing clinical data and costs of hospitalized patients who were part of a traffic collision. Method: descriptive, retrospective study that analyses hospitalization activity in La Asistencial Médica Departamental de Maldonado (AMDM) (a private healthcare institution in Maldonado) between 2012 and 2014. Patient discharges for hospitalizations of people who had participated in a traffic collision in those same years were identified. The cost was obtained for each one of the patients discharged in the period of time referred above and it was compared to the cost of the patients who had been in a car collision. Costs were obtained using the Customer Service Cost Structure spreadsheet (ECAS spreadsheet) that is officially prepared by the Ministry of Public Health and the Diagnosis Related Groups. Results: total expenditure was 27.610 with an average stay of 4 days. Discharges corresponding to collisions were 740, with an average stay of 7.5 days, almost double the average stay, and 851 days/bed in the ICU. 77% corresponded to motorcyclists, 65% of them were men, average age was 36 years old. The cost of healthcare services for these patients is 2.5 times higher than the cost of average. Conclusions: The healthcare process of patients who participated in a car collision and are admitted to hospital is complex and test the institution´s continuity. An average of 7.5 days of hospitalization should be considered for these patients and a cost that is 2.5 time higher than that of the average patient as a chance to improve healthcare services, creating effective interdisciplinary teams and specific clinical guidelines for this type of patients. They are becoming a new classification that is growing in number and shall require new forms of response.
Resumo Introdução: aproximadamente 1,3 milhões de pessoas por ano perdem a vida no mundo devido a acidentes de trânsito; o impacto econômico desses acidentes é de 1% a 3% do Produto Nacional Bruto (PNB) dos países. A mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Uruguai, em 2012, 2013 e 2014, foi de 16 mortes por 100.000 pessoas; nesse mesmo período, no departamento de Maldonado, a taxa foi de 24,3 mortos por 100.000 pessoas. Objetivo: colaborar com o Pilar 5, “Resposta após acidentes” do Plano Mundial das Nações Unidas, oferecendo dados clínicos e de custos dos pacientes hospitalizados por acidentes de trânsito. Material e método: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que analisa as internações nos hospitais de “La Asistencial Médica Departamental de Maldonado (AMDM)” durante o triênio 2012-2014. Foram identificados os egressos de pacientes internados por acidentes de trânsito no mesmo período. O custo médio de cada egresso de paciente foi calculado e comparado com o custo de egresso de pacientes acidentados no trânsito. Os valores foram obtidos das planilhas de Estrutura de Custos de Atenção a Sócios (planilhas ECAS) que são enviadas oficialmente ao Ministério de Saúde Pública (MSP) e usando a metodologia de Grupos Relacionados por Diagnóstico (GRD). Resultados: os egressos totais foram 27.610 com uma média de permanência de 4 dias. Os egressos por acidentes foram 740, com uma permanência média de 7,5 dias, quase o dobro da permanência média de outros pacientes, com 851 dias/cama ocupados em terapia intensiva. 77% eram motociclistas, sendo 65% do sexo masculino, com uma idade média de 36 anos. O custo do atendimento destes pacientes é 2,5 vezes maior que o custo do paciente médio. Conclusões: o atendimento de pacientes vítimas de acidente de trânsito é muito complexo e desafia a continuidade assistencial. A comparação entre a média de 7,5 dias de internação e o custo 2,5 vezes maior dos pacientes vítimas de acidentes de trânsito e os valores dos demais pacientes deve ser considerada como uma oportunidade para melhorar o atendimento, criando equipes eficientes de trabalho interdisciplinar e uma guia clínica específica para este tipo de paciente. Estes estão se constituindo uma nova entidade nosológica cada vez mais frequente que exige novas formas de atendimento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Hospitalização/economia , Custos de Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
The objective of this article was to identify the association between motorcycle deaths and variables related to Samaja's theory of social reproduction in the period 2000-2005 in the state of Pernambuco. An ecological, case-control study was carried out, with municipalities as the unit of analysis. Cases were defined as the 20% of municipalities with the highest local empirical Bayesian coefficients for mortality due to motorcycle accidents, and controls as the 40% with the lowest coefficients. The municipalities with the greatest chances of high coefficients for mortality due to motorcycle accidents showed high population growth factors and increases in the total fleet of motorcycles, with low population densities, low GDP per capita, and more than 20 motorcycles per thousand inhabitants. We conclude that the variables related to macro-policies proved to have greater force in explaining higher chances of motorcycle death.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Motocicletas , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Renda , Densidade Demográfica , Crescimento Demográfico , Teoria SocialRESUMO
This study estimated the economic costs of permanent disability caused by road traffic injuries in Mexico during 2012. From the health system's perspective, a bottom-up approach was used to calculate direct medical costs (hospitalization, outpatient care, rehabilitation, and prostheses). From society's perspective, using a human capital approach, indirect costs were associated with loss of productivity for the victims and their caregivers. Permanent disability due to road traffic injuries takes a high toll on the health system and Mexican society. From the health system perspective, the cost was US$269,529,480.72, or US$1,496.33 per victim. The estimated average cost to society was US$3,445.45 during the first year. The total average cost per victim was US$4,941.77, resulting in a total economic cost of US$1,119,761,632.53 during 2012. The study's findings highlight the need to design and implement more rigorous and efficient public policies to control and prevent road traffic injuries in Mexico.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Pessoas com Deficiência , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Automóveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Ciclismo/lesões , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Motocicletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Identify the possibility that alcohol consumption represents an incremental factor in healthcare costs of patients involved in traffic accidents. METHODS: Data of people admitted into three major health institutions from an intermediate city in Colombia was collected. Socio-demographic characteristics, health care costs and alcohol consumption levels by breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) methodology were identified. Generalized linear models were applied to investigate whether alcohol consumption acts as an incremental factor for healthcare costs. RESULTS: The average cost of healthcare was 878 USD. In general, there are differences between health care costs for patients with positive blood alcohol level compared with those who had negative levels. Univariate analysis shows that the average cost of care can be 2.26 times higher (95% CI: 1.20-4.23), and after controlling for patient characteristics, alcohol consumption represents an incremental factor of almost 1.66 times (95% CI: 1.05-2.62). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol is identified as a possible factor associated with the increased use of direct health care resources. The estimates show the need to implement and enhance prevention programs against alcohol consumption among citizens, in order to mitigate the impact that traffic accidents have on their health status. The law enforcement to help reduce driving under the influence of alcoholic beverages could help to diminish the economic and social impacts of this problem.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/economia , Condução de Veículo , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Hospitalização/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Testes Respiratórios , Colômbia , Etanol/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo Determinar los costos de atención médica generados por la accidentalidad vial en Bogotá. Metodología Estudio observacional prospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de edad atendidos en la central de urgencias de 6 instituciones hospitalarias. Resultados El promedio del costo totalde atención por paciente fue de $1'112.000 El costo promedio día de paciente hospitalizado fue de $1'200.000. Pacientes con atención ambulatoria tuvieron un costo promedio de $247.400. El costo promedio por accidente se calculó en $2'333.700. Los costos médicos por accidentes en el periodo de análisis en Bogotá fueron aproximadamente $2.301'028.200. Cifras en pesos de 2011. Conclusiones Los costos de la atención médica de los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una carga económica considerable.
Objective To determine the cost of medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods Prospective observational study with data from adult patients attended to in the emergency centers of 6 hospitals. Results Average total cost per patient was $1'112.000 COP. Average daily cost of hospitalized patients was $1'200.000 COP. Average cost of ambulatory treated patients ascended to $247.400 COP. Cost per accident calculated was $2'333.700 COP. In the whole city during study period, total medical costs were around $2.301'028.200 COP. All data was expressed in 2011 Colombian pesos. Conclusion The medical cost of transit accidents is a significant economic burden.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Custos Diretos de Serviços/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ciclismo/lesões , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/economia , Hospitalização/economia , Hospitais Privados/economia , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Veículos Automotores , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da População Urbana , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapiaRESUMO
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are currently undergoing a deep epidemiological transition that is mainly driven by rapid economic growth and technological change. The changes being observed in the distribution of the burden of diseases and injuries--such as recent increases in the incidence of road traffic injuries--are matters of concern. BRICS may need stronger institutional capacity to address such changes in a timely way. In this paper, we present data on road traffic injuries in BRICS and illustrate the enormous challenge that these countries currently face in reducing the incidence of such injuries. There is an urgent need to improve road safety indicators in every country constituting BRICS. It is imperative for BRICS to invest in system-wide road safety interventions and reduce the mortality and morbidity from road traffic injuries.
Le Brésil, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, la Chine et l'Afrique du Sud les pays connus sous le nom de BRICS connaissent actuellement une transition épidémiologique profonde qui s'explique principalement par la rapidité de la croissance économique et de l'évolution technologique. Les changements qui sont observés dans la distribution de la charge des maladies et des blessures, comme les hausses récentes de l'incidence des accidents de la route, suscitent des inquiétudes. Le groupe BRICS peut avoir besoin de capacités institutionnelles renforcées pour répondre rapidement à ces changements. Dans cet article, nous présentons les données sur les accidents de la route dans le groupe BRICS et nous illustrons l'énorme défi que doivent actuellement relever ces pays dans la diminution de l'incidence de ces accidents. Il est urgent d'améliorer les indicateurs de la sécurité routière dans chaque pays constituant le groupe BRICS. Il est impératif que le groupe BRICS investisse dans des interventions de sécurité routière dans l'ensemble du système et qu'il réduise la mortalité et la morbidité dues aux accidents de la route.
Brasil, la Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, los países conocidos como BRICS, se encuentran en la actualidad en una transición epidemiológica profunda impulsada principalmente por el rápido crecimiento económico y el cambio tecnológico. Los cambios que se observan en la distribución de la carga de enfermedades y lesiones, como los aumentos recientes de la incidencia de los accidentes de tráfico, son motivo de preocupación. Es posible que los BRICS necesiten una capacidad institucional más fuerte para hacer frente a esos cambios de manera oportuna. En el presente artículo, presentamos datos sobre lesiones en accidentes de tráfico de los BRICS e ilustramos el enorme desafío al que dichos países se enfrentan actualmente para reducir la incidencia de las mismas. Hay una necesidad urgente de mejorar los indicadores de seguridad vial en todos los países BRICS. Es imperativo que estos países inviertan en intervenciones de seguridad vial en todo el sistema y reduzcan la mortalidad y morbilidad por accidentes de tráfico.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Automóveis/economia , Automóveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Índia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Segurança , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Based on a review of secondary data and the scientific literature and an analysis of the ENSANut-2012 database, the current study provides a comprehensive overview of the current burden of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Mexico and analyzes the country's social response to RTI. The high collision, injury, mortality, and disability rates associated with this public health problem represent a high cost for Mexican society, especially for families. The paper argues that the Mexican response has focused on vehicle occupants while overlooking vulnerable road users and has prioritized strategies with limited effectiveness. Although the country's existing legislation addresses the main risk factors, enforcement has been limited. Finally, the paper makes some recommendations for strengthening the Mexican strategy to prevent RTI, such as safe, equitable, healthy, and sustainable mobility for all types of road users. Despite some strides in RTI prevention, there are still challenges and opportunities to be addressed in the future.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Meios de Transporte , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidadeAssuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/legislação & jurisprudência , Segurança/legislação & jurisprudência , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Humanos , Segurança/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Mediante la revisión de información secundaria oficial, publicaciones científicas y el análisis de la ENSANut-2012, este trabajo busca proveer una visión integral de la magnitud actual de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT) en México y analizar críticamente la respuesta social organizada. Las altas tasas de choques, lesiones, muertes y discapacidad atribuidas a este problema de salud pública, representan un elevado costo para la sociedad mexicana, en especial para los hogares. Se discute cómo la respuesta mexicana se ha enfocado a los automovilistas, dejando fuera a usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública y se ha privilegiado la implementación de estrategias poco efectivas. A pesar de que se dispone de legislación para los principales factores de riesgo, se ha descuidado su correcta aplicación. La estrategia mexicana podría fortalecerse implementando estrategias de movilidad seguras, equitativas, saludables y sostenibles para los diferentes actores de la vía pública. A pesar de los avances que se han dado en términos de prevención de LCT, existen aún retos y oportunidades para el país.
Based on a review of secondary data and the scientific literature and an analysis of the ENSANut-2012 database, the current study provides a comprehensive overview of the current burden of road traffic injuries (RTI) in Mexico and analyzes the country’s social response to RTI. The high collision, injury, mortality, and disability rates associated with this public health problem represent a high cost for Mexican society, especially for families. The paper argues that the Mexican response has focused on vehicle occupants while overlooking vulnerable road users and has prioritized strategies with limited effectiveness. Although the country’s existing legislation addresses the main risk factors, enforcement has been limited. Finally, the paper makes some recommendations for strengthening the Mexican strategy to prevent RTI, such as safe, equitable, healthy, and sustainable mobility for all types of road users. Despite some strides in RTI prevention, there are still challenges and opportunities to be addressed in the future.
Por meio da revisão oficial de informações secundárias, publicações científicas e da análise da ENSANut 2012, este trabalho visa a proporcionar uma visão abrangente da magnitude atual das lesões causadas pelo trânsito no México e analisar criticamente a resposta social organizada. Os altos índices de acidentes, lesões, mortes e invalidez atribuídos a esse problema de saúde pública representam um alto custo para a sociedade mexicana, especialmente para as famílias. Discutimos neste estudo como a resposta mexicana tem focado em motoristas, deixando de fora os usuários vulneráveis das vias, e tem favorecido a implementação de estratégias pouco efetivas. Embora exista legislação que abrange os principais fatores de risco, tem sido negligenciada a sua correta aplicação. A estratégia mexicana poderia ser fortalecida por meio da implementação de estratégias de mobilidade segura, equitativa, saudável e sustentável para os diferentes atores da vias. Apesar dos grandes avanços que foram feitos em termos de prevenção das lesões causadas pelo trânsito, ainda existem desafios e oportunidades para o país.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/economia , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Meios de Transporte , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost of medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: Prospective observational study with data from adult patients attended to in the emergency centers of 6 hospitals. RESULTS: Average total cost per patient was $1'112.000 COP. Average daily cost of hospitalized patients was $1'200.000 COP. Average cost of ambulatory treated patients ascended to $247.400 COP. Cost per accident calculated was $2'333.700 COP. In the whole city during study period, total medical costs were around $2.301'028.200 COP. All data was expressed in 2011 Colombian pesos. CONCLUSION: The medical cost of transit accidents is a significant economic burden.