RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of local contextual sex differences in the profile and outcome for stroke can improve service delivery. We aimed to determine sex differences in the profile of patients with acute stroke and their associations with in-hospital death in the national hospital database of Chile. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present a retrospective cohort based on the analysis of the 2019 Chilean database of Diagnosis-Related Groups, which represents 70% of the operational expenditure of the public health system. Random-effects multiple logistic regression models were used to determine independent associations of acute stroke (defined by main diagnosis International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes) and in-hospital death, and reported with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Of 1 048 575 hospital discharges, 15 535 were for patients with acute stroke (7074 [45.5%] in women), and 2438 (15.6%) of them died during hospitalization. Differences by sex in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified for stroke and main subtypes. After fully adjusted model, women with ischemic stroke had lower in-hospital death (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69-0.91]) compared with men; other independent predictors included age per year increase (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.03-1.04]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.20-1.80]), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.26-1.80]), and other risk factors. Conversely, for intracerebral hemorrhage, women had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than men (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02-1.40]); other independent predictors included age per year increase (OR, 1.009 [95% CI, 1.003-1.01]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.23-1.97]), oral anticoagulant use (OR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.37-2.58]), and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in characteristics and in-hospital death of hospitalized patients exist for acute stroke in Chile. In-hospital death is higher for acute ischemic stroke in men and higher for intracerebral hemorrhage in women. Future research is needed to better identify contributing factors.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Chile/epidemiologia , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/diagnóstico , AVC Isquêmico/mortalidade , AVC Isquêmico/epidemiologia , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric critical care patients with COVID-19 treated in Peru have higher mortality than those previously reported from other countries. Pediatric providers have reported a high number of patients without comorbidities presenting with hemorrhagic strokes associated with COVID-19. We present a study analyzing the factors associated with mortality in this setting. METHODS: Prospective case-control study that included patients <17 years old admitted to a pediatric critical care unit with a positive test confirming COVID-19. The primary outcome was mortality. Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were admitted to critical care. The mortality of our study is 21.3%. The mortality of patients with neurological presentation was 45.5%, which was significantly higher than the mortality of acute COVID-19 (26.7%) and MIS-C (4.8%), p 0.18. Other risk factors for mortality in our cohort were strokes and comorbidities. Only one patient presenting with hemorrhagic stroke had an undiagnosed comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Cerebrovascular events associated with COVID-19 in pediatric patients, including infants, must be recognized as one of the more severe presentations of this infection in pediatric patients. IMPACT: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 can present with hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes on presentation. Neurological presentation in pediatric patients with COVID-19 has high mortality. Mortality of pediatric patients with COVID-19 is associated with comorbidities. Pediatric presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in different regions can be novel to previously described.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuidados Críticos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/mortalidade , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória SistêmicaRESUMO
Introducción: Los pacientes con Ataque Cerebrovascular (ACV) presentan un elevado riesgo de complicaciones durante la internación, que pueden condicionar su pronóstico. Objetivos: Describir las complicaciones neurológicas y extra neurológicas durante la internación. Evaluar sus características y diferencias de acuerdo al tipo de ACV. Identificar factores predictores de complicaciones y de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Pacientes y métodos: Fueron incluidos en el estudio los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas (HC) de Montevideo con diagnóstico de ACV entre 1/1/14 y 31/12/15. Se analizaron las principales características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes, se pesquisó la presencia o no de complicaciones según el subtipo y se clasificaron en Neurológicas y Extra Neurológicas (Sistémicas y Cardiovasculares). Resultados: Se analizaron 206 pacientes, 57 % de los cuales presentaron complicaciones, indistintamente del subtipo de ACV. Las más habituales fueron las sistémicas, en 49 % de los casos. La edad, diabetes, NIHSS al ingreso, cardiopatía previa y trombólisis se asociaron en forma significativa e independiente a complicaciones. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue 11 %, siendo significativamente menor en los pacientes que ingresaron a la Unidad de ACV del centro. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones fueron muy frecuentes y la principal causa de muerte, siendo las sistémicas las más prevalentes. Ciertas variables se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de complicaciones: edad, diabetes, cardiopatía previa, NIHSS al ingreso, y la trombolisis. La Unidad de ACV descendió la mortalidad en forma significativa.
Introduction: Stroke patients present high risk of complications conditioning its prognosis. Objectives: To describe neurological and extra-neurological complications during admission. To evaluate complications according with stroke subtype, identifying morbidity and mortality predictive factors. Patients and methods : All patients treated at the Hospital de Clínicas (HC) with a diagnosis of stroke between 01/01/14 and 12/31/15 were analyzed. The presence or absence of complications was also analyzed according to stroke subtype during the hospital stay and were classified into three groups: neurological and extra-neurological, the last ones subdivided into systemic and cardiovascular diseases. Results: Sample of 206 patients. 57 % of them presented complications, regardless to the stroke subtype. The most common complications were the systemic ones (49 %). Age, diabetes, NIHSS at admission, previous cardiac disease and thrombolysis were significantly associated with complications. Overall mortality was 11 %. Mortality was significantly lower for patients admitted to the institutional Stroke Unit. Conclusions : Stroke complications were very frequent and are the main cause of mortality, with systemic complications being the most common. Furthermore, there are other variables which are associated with a greater risk of complications such as older age, diabetes, previous heart disease, NIHSS at admission, and thrombolysis. Admission to stroke unit resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality rate.
Introdução: Pacientes com Ataque Cerebrovascular (AVC) apresentam alto risco de complicações durante a hospitalização, o que pode condicionar seu prognóstico. Objetivos: Descrever as complicações neurológicas e extra neurológicas durante a hospitalização. Avalie suas características e diferenças de acordo com o tipo de ACV. Identifique fatores que predizem complicações e mortalidade hospitalar. Pacientes e métodos: Os pacientes atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas (HC) de Montevidéu com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral entre 1/1/14 e 31/12/15 foram incluídos no estudo. As principais características clínico-epidemiológicas dos pacientes foram analisadas e a presença ou ausência de complicações de acordo com o subtipo foi investigada e classificada em Neurológica e Extra Neurológica (Sistêmica e Cardiovascular). Resultados: foram analisados 206 pacientes, 57 % dos quais apresentaram complicações, independentemente do subtipo ACV. Os mais comuns foram sistêmicos, em 49 % dos casos. Idade , diabetes, NIHSS na admissão, Trombólise foram significativamente associados a complicações. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 11 %, sendo significativamente menor nos pacientes internados na Unidade de ACV do centro. Conclusões: As complicações foram muito freqüentes e a principal causa de morte, sendo as sistêmicas as mais prevalentes. Certas variáveis foram associadas a um risco aumentado de complicações: idade, diabetes, doença cardíaca prévia, NIHSS na admissão e trombólise. A Unidade de ACV diminuiu significativamente a mortalidade.