RESUMO

Background: Anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland is considered a highly invasive and malignant neoplasia, whichusually leads to neoplastic thrombosis and epidermal ulceration due to invasiveness of lymphatic vessels by tumor emboli.Loss of epidermal barrier predisposes to secondary bacterial infection, mainly by commensal bacteria of the skin, andsepticemia can be observed in cases of systemic dissemination. Neoplastic emboli and septic thrombi can lead to vascularobstruction, which can predispose to infarction in multiple organs. The aim of this case report is to describe a case ofhemorrhagic stroke in a dog with anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland.Case: A 12-year-old, mixed breed, female spayed canine presented with mammary tumor with plaque formation, associatedwith skin ulceration which extended to the medial region of pelvic limbs. The animal also displayed neurologic clinicalsigns characterized by stupor, opisthotonos and apathy. Due to poor prognosis, the canine was euthanized and submittedto necropsy. During external examination, the animal was in a good body condition, had moderately pale mucosae, andit was noted a nodular plaque in the abdominal ventral area extending from thoracic to inguinal mammary gland. Themass was firm and white, extensively ulcerated, and extending from the thoracic to inguinal mammary gland. There wasa well circumscribed area of infarction in the spleen and kidney. In the cerebral cortex it was observed an extensive areaof hemorrhage with adhered blood clot from frontal to temporal lobe. There were multiple well circumscribed, firm, andwhite areas in the myocardium. Histologically, the neoplastic proliferation was composed by epithelial cells with high pleomorphism, features of malignancy, and no delimitations, leading to the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma of the mammarygland. Admixed with tumor cells there were multiple areas of hemorrhage, necrosis and thrombosis...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland is considered a highly invasive and malignant neoplasia, whichusually leads to neoplastic thrombosis and epidermal ulceration due to invasiveness of lymphatic vessels by tumor emboli.Loss of epidermal barrier predisposes to secondary bacterial infection, mainly by commensal bacteria of the skin, andsepticemia can be observed in cases of systemic dissemination. Neoplastic emboli and septic thrombi can lead to vascularobstruction, which can predispose to infarction in multiple organs. The aim of this case report is to describe a case ofhemorrhagic stroke in a dog with anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland.Case: A 12-year-old, mixed breed, female spayed canine presented with mammary tumor with plaque formation, associatedwith skin ulceration which extended to the medial region of pelvic limbs. The animal also displayed neurologic clinicalsigns characterized by stupor, opisthotonos and apathy. Due to poor prognosis, the canine was euthanized and submittedto necropsy. During external examination, the animal was in a good body condition, had moderately pale mucosae, andit was noted a nodular plaque in the abdominal ventral area extending from thoracic to inguinal mammary gland. Themass was firm and white, extensively ulcerated, and extending from the thoracic to inguinal mammary gland. There wasa well circumscribed area of infarction in the spleen and kidney. In the cerebral cortex it was observed an extensive areaof hemorrhage with adhered blood clot from frontal to temporal lobe. There were multiple well circumscribed, firm, andwhite areas in the myocardium. Histologically, the neoplastic proliferation was composed by epithelial cells with high pleomorphism, features of malignancy, and no delimitations, leading to the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma of the mammarygland. Admixed with tumor cells there were multiple areas of hemorrhage, necrosis and thrombosis...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this case report is to describe an uncommon hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) associated with an osteosarcoma (OSA) metastasis. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the acute onset of a neurological deficit from any change in blood supply resulting from a pathological process, characterizing a stroke and among all the causes, the neoplastic thrombus of osteosarcoma, specifically, is the most infrequent in clinical practice. A seven-year-old female midsize mixed-breed dog was submitted to a forelimb amputation for showing an osteoblastic OSA in proximal humerus. Three weeks later, the patient presented uninterruptible seizure and coma, resulting in death. At necropsy, it was observed afriable and reddish mass in the left frontal cortex which, microscopically was constituted by OSA metastasis in association with multiple ruptures of blood vessels and focally extensive severe bleeding, which caused a CVA. At immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells of the humerus and the brain metastasis were positive for vimentin and osteonectin, confirming the diagnosis of osteoblastic OSA. The reports about OSA metastasis on the brain are rare in animals and humans, what could be related to the low frequency and few diagnosis ante and post-mortem. As uncommon as the description of OSA metastasis to the brain, is the CVA associated to them, demonstrating that reporting cases related to these clinical and anatomopathological lesions are important for the scientific community.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this case report is to describe an uncommon hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) associated with an osteosarcoma (OSA) metastasis. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the acute onset of a neurological deficit from any change in blood supply resulting from a pathological process, characterizing a stroke and among all the causes, the neoplastic thrombus of osteosarcoma, specifically, is the most infrequent in clinical practice. A seven-year-old female midsize mixed-breed dog was submitted to a forelimb amputation for showing an osteoblastic OSA in proximal humerus. Three weeks later, the patient presented uninterruptible seizure and coma, resulting in death. At necropsy, it was observed afriable and reddish mass in the left frontal cortex which, microscopically was constituted by OSA metastasis in association with multiple ruptures of blood vessels and focally extensive severe bleeding, which caused a CVA. At immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells of the humerus and the brain metastasis were positive for vimentin and osteonectin, confirming the diagnosis of osteoblastic OSA. The reports about OSA metastasis on the brain are rare in animals and humans, what could be related to the low frequency and few diagnosis ante and post-mortem. As uncommon as the description of OSA metastasis to the brain, is the CVA associated to them, demonstrating that reporting cases related to these clinical and anatomopathological lesions are important for the scientific community.

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RESUMO

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are important causes of neurological clinical signs in dogs. The objective of this work was to describe concurrent diseases and ultrasonographic features in dogs with CVA confirmed through postmortem evaluation. All medical records of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCDUS) examinations performed in 512 dogs between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed, searching for history and clinical diagnosis, as well as sonographic and histological results. Forty-two dogs were selected, showing acute onset of clinical signs with no progressive focal cerebral dysfunction and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease confirmed at necropsy. Concurrent diseases and conditions were: cerebral amyloid microangiopathy (33%), endocrinopathies (31%), coagulopathy (24%), Schnauzer hyperlipemia (7%) and unknown (5%). The relation between sonography and histology results indicated 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for focal lesion detection. A diffuse decrease in echogenicity was related to inflammatory diseases and/or edema with 62% sensitivity. A diffuse increase in echogenicity has 100% sensitivity and was usually related to aging changes. This study showed the occurrence of coexisting diseases with CVA and sonographic features of these conditions in small breed dogs.

O diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em cães é considerado importante causa de sinais clínicos neurológicos. Este trabalho objetivou descrever as doenças concomitantes e os aspectos sonográficos em cães com AVC confirmados por meio da avaliação post-mortem. Foram revisados os exames de ultrassonografia Doppler transcraniana (USDTC) realizados em 512 cães entre os anos de 2007 e 2009, pesquisando-se o histórico e o diagnóstico clínico, assim como os achados ultrassonográficos e histológicos. Destes, foram selecionados 42 cães que apresentavam sinais clínicos agudos de alteração cerebral focal não progressiva, e o diagnóstico de AVC foi confirmado na necropsia. As doenças e as condições clínicas concomitantes foram: microangiopatia amiloide cerebral (33%), endocrinopatias (31%), coagulopatias (24%), hiperlipemia do Schnauzer (7%) e inconclusivo (5%). Relacionando-se os resultados ultrassonográficos e histológicos, observaram-se 100% de sensibilidade e 90% de especificidade para a detecção de lesões focais. O diagnóstico de diminuição difusa da ecogenicidade foi relacionado a processos inflamatórios e/ou edema com 62% de sensibilidade. O diagnóstico de aumento difuso da ecogenicidade apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e estava geralmente relacionado a alterações senis. Este estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de doenças coexistentes com o AVC e os aspectos ultrassonográficos destas condições em cães de raças pequenas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are important causes of neurological clinical signs in dogs. The objective of this work was to describe concurrent diseases and ultrasonographic features in dogs with CVA confirmed through postmortem evaluation. All medical records of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCDUS) examinations performed in 512 dogs between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed, searching for history and clinical diagnosis, as well as sonographic and histological results. Forty-two dogs were selected, showing acute onset of clinical signs with no progressive focal cerebral dysfunction and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease confirmed at necropsy. Concurrent diseases and conditions were: cerebral amyloid microangiopathy (33%), endocrinopathies (31%), coagulopathy (24%), Schnauzer hyperlipemia (7%) and unknown (5%). The relation between sonography and histology results indicated 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for focal lesion detection. A diffuse decrease in echogenicity was related to inflammatory diseases and/or edema with 62% sensitivity. A diffuse increase in echogenicity has 100% sensitivity and was usually related to aging changes. This study showed the occurrence of coexisting diseases with CVA and sonographic features of these conditions in small breed dogs.(AU)

O diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em cães é considerado importante causa de sinais clínicos neurológicos. Este trabalho objetivou descrever as doenças concomitantes e os aspectos sonográficos em cães com AVC confirmados por meio da avaliação post-mortem. Foram revisados os exames de ultrassonografia Doppler transcraniana (USDTC) realizados em 512 cães entre os anos de 2007 e 2009, pesquisando-se o histórico e o diagnóstico clínico, assim como os achados ultrassonográficos e histológicos. Destes, foram selecionados 42 cães que apresentavam sinais clínicos agudos de alteração cerebral focal não progressiva, e o diagnóstico de AVC foi confirmado na necropsia. As doenças e as condições clínicas concomitantes foram: microangiopatia amiloide cerebral (33%), endocrinopatias (31%), coagulopatias (24%), hiperlipemia do Schnauzer (7%) e inconclusivo (5%). Relacionando-se os resultados ultrassonográficos e histológicos, observaram-se 100% de sensibilidade e 90% de especificidade para a detecção de lesões focais. O diagnóstico de diminuição difusa da ecogenicidade foi relacionado a processos inflamatórios e/ou edema com 62% de sensibilidade. O diagnóstico de aumento difuso da ecogenicidade apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e estava geralmente relacionado a alterações senis. Este estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de doenças coexistentes com o AVC e os aspectos ultrassonográficos destas condições em cães de raças pequenas.(AU)

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