RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Globally, few studies have been undertaken to assess the association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with metabolic syndrome (MS). Most of the available studies have either focused on a particular age group, gender, ethnicity or on a single component of MS. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between AN and MS as a whole and with all individual components of MS in adult patients of either gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a comparative group. Eighty-one subjects were recruited in each group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile were done. MS was defined by using the international diabetic federation (IDF) criteria. Association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) with AN was assessed by Pearson's chi-square test followed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was found to be significantly higher in the group with AN. On univariate analysis, a significant association of AN was found with BMI, waist circumference, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL, and TG. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between waist circumference, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high TG levels with AN. The risk of MS was found to be eight times higher in cases of AN. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The small sample size and single-center data are the limitations of the present study. CONCLUSION: AN is strongly associated with MS as a whole and with its individual components including increased waist circumference, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans , Síndrome Metabólica , Adulto , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Triglicerídeos , Lipoproteínas HDL , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans and high blood pressure in children and adolescents from low-income families, and to verify the association of elevated blood pressure with nutritional status and the presence of acanthosis nigricans. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and controlled study with 232 children and adolescents from an institution for low-income families. Pubertal stage, body mass index Z-score, waist-to-height circumference ratio (increased waist-to-height circumference ratio >0.5), the presence of acanthosis nigricans, and blood pressure were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of excess weight and the change in waist-to-height circumference ratio was 37.9%. Acanthosis nigricans and increased blood pressure occurred in 20.3 and 34.8%, respectively. The prevalence of acanthosis nigricans and hypertension was higher in individuals with excess weight (p<0.001; p<0.001) and with an increased waist-to-height circumference ratio (p=0.009; p<0.001). Logistic regression showed a significant and independent association of body mass index Z-score (OR 2.35; 95%CI 1.52-3.65; p<0.001) and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (OR 2.43; 95%CI 1.12-5.23; p=0.023) with elevated blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Acanthosis nigricans and elevated blood pressure occurred in one-fifth and one-third of the individuals in an institution for children from low-income families. Overweight and the presence of acanthosis nigricans increased the risk of high blood pressure more than twofold.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Hipertensão , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Acantose Nigricans/epidemiologia , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence or absence of acanthosis nigricans and its association with metabolic alterations in a group of obese and overweight children and adolescents. METHODS: A cross sectional study of 161 overweight children and adolescents, who were divided into two groups, according to presence or absence of acanthosis nigricans. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index, skinfolds, abdominal circumference), blood pressure, laboratory tests (fasting glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, uric acid, transaminases) and homeostasis model assessment index. RESULTS: The acanthosis nigricans group represented 51.5% of the sample. The mean age was similar between groups. The group with acanthosis nigricans presented higher body mass index, Z score of body mass index, body fat percentage, abdominal circumference (p<0.0001), systolic (p=0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the analysis of lipid profile, except for the high-density cholesterol, which was lower (p=0.003) in the group with acanthosis. On the other hand, uric acid (p<0.0001), fasting glycemia (p=0.006), insulin (p<0.0001), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (p<0.0001), and homeostasis model assessment index (p<0.0001) were significantly higher in the group with acanthosis nigricans. CONCLUSIONS: Acanthosis nigricans in overweight and obese children and adolescents is associated with elevation of body fat, blood pressure, insulin and homeostasis model assessment index, indicating that it is a clinical marker associated with the metabolic syndrome.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com obesidade e sobrepeso a presença ou não de acantose nigricans e sua associação com alterações metabólicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 161 indivíduos com excesso de peso, que foram divididos em dois grupos, segundo a presença ou não de acantose nigricans, e nos quais foram obtidas medidas antropométricas (índice de massa corporal, pregas cutâneas, circunferência abdominal), pressão arterial, análises laboratoriais (glicemia de jejum, insulina, perfil lipídico, triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, transaminases) e o índice homeostasis model assessment. RESULTADOS: O grupo com acantose nigricans representou 51,5% da amostra. A média de idade foi semelhante entre os grupos. O grupo com acantose nigricans apresentou maiores índice de massa corporal, escore Z do índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência abdominal (p<0,0001) e pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,006) e diastólica (p=0,002). Não houve diferença significativa na análise do perfil lipídico, exceto o colesterol de alta densidade, que foi menor (p=0,003) no grupo com acantose. Já o ácido úrico (p<0,0001), a glicemia de jejum (p=0,006), a insulina (p<0,0001), a transaminase glutâmica oxalacética (p<0,0001) e o índice homeostasis model assessment (p<0,0001) foram significativamente maiores no grupo com acantose nigricans. CONCLUSÕES: Acantose nigricans em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade esteve associada à elevação dos índices de adiposidade corporal, pressão arterial, insulina e homeostasis model assessment, indicando-a como marcador clínico associado à síndrome metabólica.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com obesidade e sobrepeso a presença ou não de acantose nigricans e sua associação com alterações metabólicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 161 indivíduos com excesso de peso, que foram divididos em dois grupos, segundo a presença ou não de acantose nigricans, e nos quais foram obtidas medidas antropométricas (índice de massa corporal, pregas cutâneas, circunferência abdominal), pressão arterial, análises laboratoriais (glicemia de jejum, insulina, perfil lipídico, triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, transaminases) e o índice homeostasis model assessment. Resultados: O grupo com acantose nigricans representou 51,5% da amostra. A média de idade foi semelhante entre os grupos. O grupo com acantose nigricans apresentou maiores índice de massa corporal, escore Z do índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência abdominal (p<0,0001) e pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,006) e diastólica (p=0,002). Não houve diferença significativa na análise do perfil lipídico, exceto o colesterol de alta densidade, que foi menor (p=0,003) no grupo com acantose. Já o ácido úrico (p<0,0001), a glicemia de jejum (p=0,006), a insulina (p<0,0001), a transaminase glutâmica oxalacética (p<0,0001) e o índice homeostasis model assessment (p<0,0001) foram significativamente maiores no grupo com acantose nigricans. Conclusões: Acantose nigricans em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade esteve associada à elevação dos índices de adiposidade corporal, pressão arterial, insulina e homeostasis model assessment, indicando-a como marcador clínico associado à síndrome metabólica.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence or absence of acanthosis nigricans and its association with metabolic alterations in a group of obese and overweight children and adolescents. Methods: A cross sectional study of 161 overweight children and adolescents, who were divided into two groups, according to presence or absence of acanthosis nigricans. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index, skinfolds, abdominal circumference), blood pressure, laboratory tests (fasting glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, uric acid, transaminases) and homeostasis model assessment index. Results: The acanthosis nigricans group represented 51.5% of the sample. The mean age was similar between groups. The group with acanthosis nigricans presented higher body mass index, Z score of body mass index, body fat percentage, abdominal circumference (p<0.0001), systolic (p=0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the analysis of lipid profile, except for the high-density cholesterol, which was lower (p=0.003) in the group with acanthosis. On the other hand, uric acid (p<0.0001), fasting glycemia (p=0.006), insulin (p<0.0001), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (p<0.0001), and homeostasis model assessment index (p<0.0001) were significantly higher in the group with acanthosis nigricans. Conclusions: Acanthosis nigricans in overweight and obese children and adolescents is associated with elevation of body fat, blood pressure, insulin and homeostasis model assessment index, indicating that it is a clinical marker associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity in Mexican children has increased during the last decade, as has the risk of early onset metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association ofAcantosis nigricans (AN)with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and risk factors related to eating behavior in overweight and obese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This transverse analytical study, conducted in two Mexico City primary schools, included 300 boys and girls. Information was gathered on hereditary and perinatal background. A physical examination provided data on the presence/absence of AN, blood pressure, weight and height. The BMI and Z-score were calculated. The serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides was quantified and the lipoprotein profile determined. RESULTS: The prevalence of AN was 41.7%. An association was found between ANand risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including BMI (rS 0.432; p < 0.0001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure above the 90th percentile (rS 0.231, p < 0.0001; rS 0.128, p = 0.026; respectively), hypertriglyceridemia (rS 0.156; p = 0.007), and low levels of cHDL (rS -0.160; p = 0.006). ANwas also associated with risk eating behavior, including dieting to lose weight (p = 0.004), losing control over eating (p = 0.023), and body fat percentage above the 90th percentile (χ2 = 35.1; p = 0.0001). No association was observed between ANand serum glucose concentration (rS -0.018; p = 0.759). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association of ANwith a low concentration of cHDL (RM: 1.726; p = 0.041) and a high percentage of body fat (> 48%) (RM: 3.591; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of ANwas found in overweight and obese children. There was an association between ANand risk factors of cardiovascular disease, including Z-score, BMI, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity-related comorbidities are present in young obese children, providing a platform for early adult cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVES: To compare and correlate markers of adiposity to metabolic disturbances, vascular and cardiac morphology in a European pediatric obese cohort. METHODS: We carried out an observational and transversal analysis in a cohort consisting of 121 obese children of both sexes, between the ages of 6 and 17 years. The control group consisted of 40 children with normal body mass index within the same age range. Markers of adiposity, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, common carotid artery intima-media thickness and left ventricular diameters were analyzed. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the control and obese groups for the variables analyzed, all higher in the obese group, except for age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin, higher in the control group. In the obese group, body mass index was directly correlated to left ventricular mass (r=0.542; p=0.001), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (r=0.378; p=<0.001) and mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (r=0.378; p=<0.001). In that same group, insulin resistance was present in 38.1%, 12.5% had a combined dyslipidemic pattern, and eccentric hypertrophy was the most common left ventricular geometric pattern. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that these markers may be used in clinical practice to stratify cardiovascular risk, as well as to assess the impact of weight control programs.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Dislipidemias , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/diagnóstico , Adiponectina/sangue , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/patologia , Leptina/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Introduction: Obesity-related comorbidities are present in young obese children, providing a platform for early adult cardiovascular disorders. Objectives: To compare and correlate markers of adiposity to metabolic disturbances, vascular and cardiac morphology in a European pediatric obese cohort. Methods: We carried out an observational and transversal analysis in a cohort consisting of 121 obese children of both sexes, between the ages of 6 and 17 years. The control group consisted of 40 children with normal body mass index within the same age range. Markers of adiposity, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, common carotid artery intima-media thickness and left ventricular diameters were analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the control and obese groups for the variables analyzed, all higher in the obese group, except for age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin, higher in the control group. In the obese group, body mass index was directly correlated to left ventricular mass (r=0.542; p=0.001), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (r=0.378; p=<0.001) and mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (r=0.378; p=<0.001). In that same group, insulin resistance was present in 38.1%, 12.5% had a combined dyslipidemic pattern, and eccentric hypertrophy was the most common left ventricular geometric pattern. Conclusions: These results suggest that these markers may be used in clinical practice to stratify cardiovascular risk, as well as to assess the impact of weight control programs. .
Fundamento: As comorbidades relacionadas com a obesidade encontram-se patentes em crianças jovens obesas e são, potencialmente, um ponto de partida para as doenças cardiovasculares em adultos jovens. Objetivos: Comparar e correlacionar marcadores de adiposidade com distúrbios metabólicos e alterações cardiovasculares numa coorte de crianças obesas europeias. Métodos: Estudo observacional e transversal de uma coorte composta por 121 crianças obesas de ambos os gêneros, entre 6 e 17 anos de idade. O grupo controle incluiu 40 crianças com índice de massa corporal normal dentro da mesma faixa etária. Analisamos marcadores de adiposidade, lípides e lipoproteínas, o índice de insulino-resistência, a espessura da camada íntima-média da artéria carótida comum e os diâmetros do ventrículo esquerdo. Resultados: Observamos diferenças significativas entre os grupos controle e obeso para todos os parâmetros em análise, com todos os valores mais elevados no grupo obeso, exceto a idade, a lipoproteína de alta densidade e a adiponectina, superiores no grupo controle. No grupo obeso, o índice de massa corporal correlacionou‑se diretamente com a massa ventricular esquerda (r=0,542; p=0,001), com o índice de insulino-resistência (r = 0,378; p = < 0,001) e com a espessura da camada íntima-média da artéria carótida comum (r = 0,378; p = <0,001). Ainda no grupo obeso, 38,1% tinham insulino-resistência, 12,5% apresentavam um padrão de dislipidemia combinada, e hipertrofia excêntrica foi a forma geométrica ventricular mais observada. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os marcadores analizados podem ser utilizados para aferir risco cardiovascular, assim como para avaliar o impacto analítico e morfológico dos programas de redução de peso. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adiposidade , Dislipidemias , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil , Fatores Etários , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/diagnóstico , Adiponectina/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Biomarcadores/sangue , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/complicações , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/patologia , Leptina/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) type 1 is a syndrome characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat in arms and legs and an excess of body fat in face, neck, and torso. This rare syndrome is usually diagnosed when patients present cardiovascular complications or pancreatitis due to the severe metabolic abnormalities. Here we present the case of a 45 year old diabetic female without any pathological family history, a poor glycemic control (HbA1c 11.7%), hypertriglideridemia (3000 mg/dl), a body mass index (BMI) of 38, thin limbs, subcutaneous fat loss in gluteal area and ledge of fat above them, prominent veins in lower extremities, moon face, and acanthosis nigricans; as well as hypertension (150/100 mmHg) and subcutaneous folds measuring less than average were observed. Hypercortisolism was discarded and leptin levels were measured (16.8 mg/ml, VR: BMI > 30: 50 mg/ml). Due to these clinical and biochemical manifestations, and low leptin levels (16.8 mg/ml), Kobberling syndrome was suspected; however, LMNA mutation analysis was negative. Changes in lifestyle and treatment with fenofibrate, biphasic insulin 50/50, and enalapril were initiated showing a a significant metabolic improvement: HbA1c (7.8%) and TG (243 mg/dl). FPL type 1 is a familial disease, although there are spontaneous cases. No specific mutation is responsible for this syndrome. Due to its clinical manifestations, Cushing syndrome must be discarded.
Assuntos
Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/diagnóstico , Gordura Subcutânea/patologia , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Braço , Nádegas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Raras/complicações , Doenças Raras/diagnósticoRESUMO
La lipodistrofia parcial familiar de tipo1 (LPF 1) es un síndrome caracterizado por la pérdida parcial de grasa subcutánea en extremidades con distribución incrementada de la misma en rostro, cuello y tronco. Es una identidad familiar aunque hay casos espontáneos. Hasta ahora no se conoce mutación responsable. Se debe realizar diagnóstico diferencial con el síndrome de Cushing. Es un síndrome poco frecuente y en oportunidades se llega al diagnóstico cuando los pacientes presentan complicaciones cardiovasculares o afectación pancreática como consecuencia de una grave alteración metabólica. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 45 años con diabetes mellitus desde los 20 años de edad, mal control glucémico (HbA1c: 11.7%) e hipertrigliceridemia (TG: 3000 mg/dl), índice de masa corporal (IMC): 38, extremidades adelgazadas, pérdida de grasa subcutánea en glúteos, sobreelevación de pliegue por encima de los mismos, venas prominentes en miembros inferiores, cara de luna llena y marcada acantosis nigricans, hipertensión (TA: 150/100 mm Hg) y medidas de pliegues subcutáneos disminuidos. El dosaje de leptina fue 16.8 mg/ml. El estudio genético para gen LMNA fue negativo. Se instauraron medidas de cambio de estilo de vida, tratamiento con fenofibrato, insulina premezcla 50/50 y enalapril, obteniéndose una franca mejoría clínica, de la HbA1c (7.8%) y de los TG (243 mg/dl).
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) type 1 is a syndrome characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat in arms and legs and an excess of body fat in face, neck, and torso. This rare syndrome is usually diagnosed when patients present cardiovascular complications or pancreatitis due to the severe metabolic abnormalities. Here we present the case of a 45 year old diabetic female without any pathological family history, a poor glycemic control (HbA1c 11.7%), hypertriglideridemia (3000 mg/dl), a body mass index (BMI) of 38, thin limbs, subcutaneous fat loss in gluteal area and ledge of fat above them, prominent veins in lower extremities, moon face, and acanthosis nigricans; as well as hypertension (150/100 mmHg) and subcutaneous folds measuring less than average were observed. Hypercortisolism was discarded and leptin levels were measured (16.8 mg/ml, VR: BMI > 30: 50 mg/ml). Due to these clinical and biochemical manifestations, and low leptin levels (16.8 mg/ml), Kobberling syndrome was suspected; however, LMNA mutation analysis was negative. Changes in lifestyle and treatment with fenofibrate, biphasic insulin 50/50, and enalapril were initiated showing a a significant metabolic improvement: HbA1c (7.8%) and TG (243 mg/dl). FPL type 1 is a familial disease, although there are spontaneous cases. No specific mutation is responsible for this syndrome. Due to its clinical manifestations, Cushing syndrome must be discarded.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/diagnóstico , Gordura Subcutânea/patologia , Braço , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Nádegas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/complicações , Doenças Raras/complicações , Doenças Raras/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our previous work has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a problem in the school-aged population of Trinidad, West Indies. The current study evaluated the prevalence in this population of selected risk factors for diabetes, viz: obesity, family history of diabetes and acanthosis nigricans. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of the following risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in school children in Trinidad: obesity, family history of diabetes in first- or second-degree relatives and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed among school children aged 7-18 years from September 2009 to June 2010. A convenience sample was selected from a random sample of 32 schools drawn from all educational districts. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to record family history, gender and ethnicity. AN was assessed and scored clinically at the neck and obesity was measured by anthropometry and bio-impedance. RESULTS: There were 2130 participants in the study. Fifteen per cent were obese and 17% were overweight. Primary school children had a higher prevalence of obesity (22·9% vs 11·0%) and overweight (20·0% vs 15·6%) than secondary school children (P<0·05). A greater proportion of males than females had combined overweight/obesity as measured by BMI for age (35·8 vs 29·4%, P<0·05). The overall prevalence of AN was 43·4%. However, just over 18% of all school children have a degree of AN greater than grade 2, which clinically is readily recognisable. Females displayed this physical sign more commonly than males (P<0·05). The prevalences of a family history of diabetes in first- and second-degrees relatives were 11·0% and 1·1%, respectively. Forty-three per cent had one risk factor for diabetes, 23·1% had two and 2·9% had three. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for T2DM are very common among school children in Trinidad. More than 40% had at least one risk factor. Strategies aimed at reducing risk factors for T2DM, especially obesity, among Trinidadian school children are urgently warranted.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Adolescente , Antropometria , Criança , Medicina Clínica/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnese , Obesidade/complicações , Prevalência , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association between the presence of Acantose nigricans and metabolic changes in overweight adolescents, so as to ascertain the relevance of the identification of this marker in the nursing consultation. METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken between April 2009 and April 2010 with 118 adolescents who were service users of the Center for Child Obesity in Campina Grande in the Brazilian State of Paraíba (PB). The presence of Acantose nigricans, and the subjects' anthropometric measurements, were investigated. The following exams were made: insulin, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, Glucose and the homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: there was association between the presence of Acantose nigricans and participants with insulin resistance (p=0.008), metabolic syndrome (p=0.031), elevated triglycerides (p=0.045) and altered HDL (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: the suggestion is supported that the detection/identification of Acantose nigricans may be used in the nursing consultation as a tool for identifying overweight adolescents with greater risk of metabolic changes. .
OBJETIVO: analisar a associação entre a presença de Acantose nigricans e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes com excesso de peso, a fim de verificar a relevância da identificação desse marcador na consulta de enfermagem. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado entre abril/2009 e abril/2010, com 118 adolescentes, usuários do Centro de Obesidade Infantil de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Investigaram-se a presença de Acantose nigricans e as medidas antropométricas nos sujeitos. Foram realizados os exames: insulina, triglicerídeos, HDL-Colesterol, glicose e homeostático modelo de avaliação. RESULTADOS: houve associação entre a presença de Acantose nigricans e participantes com resistência insulínica (p=0,008), síndrome metabólica (p=0,031), triglicerídeo elevado (p=0,045) e HDL alterado (p=0,002). CONCLUSÕES: reforça-se a sugestão de que a detecção/identificação da Acantose nigricans pode vir a ser utilizada na consulta de enfermagem como ferramenta para a identificação de adolescentes com excesso de peso com maior risco de alteração metabólica. .
OBJETIVO: analizar la asociación entre la presencia de Acantose nigricans y alteraciones metabólicas en adolescentes con exceso de peso, a fin de verificar la relevancia de la identificación de este marcador en la consulta de enfermería. MÉTODO: estudio transversal realizado entre abril/2009 y abril/2010, con 118 adolescentes, usuarios del Centro de Obesidad Infantil de Campina Grande/PB. Fueron investigadas la presencia de Acantose nigricans y las medidas antropométricas en los sujetos. Fueron aplicados los test: insulina, triglicéridos, HDL-Colesterol, Glucosa y homeostático modelo de evaluación (HOMA-IR). RESULTADOS: fue encontrada asociación entre la presencia de Acantose nigricans y participantes con resistencia en contra de la insulina (p=0,008), síndrome metabólica (p=0,031), triglicéridos elevados (p=0,045) y HDL alterado (p=0,002). CONCLUSIONES: se subraya la sugestión de que la detección/identificación de la Acantose nigricans podrá ser utilizada en la consulta de enfermería como herramienta para la identificación de adolescentes con exceso de peso con mayor riesgo de alteración metabólica. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Acantose Nigricans/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Skin irritation and breakdown can cause considerable physical and psychological pain, yet skin alterations and hygiene issues are often not addressed during routine healthcare visits for children who are overweight and obese. The number of children with obesity has increased significantly, yet there is limited literature to assist children with the private physical symptoms and inconveniences that accompany obesity. Healthcare professionals focus on nutritional intake and activity and treat comorbidities related to obesity, since comorbidities affect quality of life, but so can the pain and embarrassment of skin issues. This article addresses skin issues related to being overweight and obese.
Assuntos
Sobrepeso/complicações , Dermatopatias/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/fisiopatologia , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Criança , Emolientes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Entrevista Motivacional , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Higiene da Pele , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association between the presence of Acantose nigricans and metabolic changes in overweight adolescents, so as to ascertain the relevance of the identification of this marker in the nursing consultation. METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken between April 2009 and April 2010 with 118 adolescents who were service users of the Center for Child Obesity in Campina Grande in the Brazilian State of Paraíba (PB). The presence of Acantose nigricans, and the subjects' anthropometric measurements, were investigated. The following exams were made: insulin, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, Glucose and the homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: there was association between the presence of Acantose nigricans and participants with insulin resistance (p=0.008), metabolic syndrome (p=0.031), elevated triglycerides (p=0.045) and altered HDL (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: the suggestion is supported that the detection/identification of Acantose nigricans may be used in the nursing consultation as a tool for identifying overweight adolescents with greater risk of metabolic changes.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an association between the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) and the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between AN and insulin resistance (IR) in overweight children and adolescents receiving care at the Center for Childhood Obesity, Campina Grande, PB. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2009 and April 2010 including 194 individuals of 2 to 18 years of age receiving care within the Brazilian national health network. The presence of acanthosis nigricans was verified and anthropometric measurements were taken. The following tests were performed: insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software program, version 17.0. RESULTS: There was a greater prevalence of females (66%), brown-skinned individuals (63.4%), adolescents (61.3%) and severely obese individuals (66.5%). Acanthosis nigricans was identified in 58.2% and IR in 42.7% of the participants. Acanthosis nigricans was associated with being non-white (p = 0.003), with being an adolescent (p = 0.003) and with IR (p = 0.001). Non-white individuals, adolescents and those with insulin resistance were 5.4, 2.47 and 2.66 times more likely to have acanthosis nigricans, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a need to train healthcare professionals to identify acanthosis nigricans, since this condition is associated with IR. Identifying acanthosis nigricans in childhood permits the safe and timely treatment of cardiometabolic disorders through careful monitoring and appropriate treatment.
Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/sangue , Acantose Nigricans/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Homeostase , Humanos , Lactente , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an association between the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) and the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between AN and insulin resistance (IR) in overweight children and adolescents receiving care at the Center for Childhood Obesity, Campina Grande, PB. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2009 and April 2010 including 194 individuals of 2 to 18 years of age receiving care within the Brazilian national health network. The presence of acanthosis nigricans was verified and anthropometric measurements were taken. The following tests were performed: insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software program, version 17.0. RESULTS: There was a greater prevalence of females (66%), brown-skinned individuals (63.4%), adolescents (61.3%) and severely obese individuals (66.5%). Acanthosis nigricans was identified in 58.2% and IR in 42.7% of the participants. Acanthosis nigricans was associated with being non-white (p = 0.003), with being an adolescent (p = 0.003) and with IR (p = 0.001). Non-white individuals, adolescents and those with insulin resistance were 5.4, 2.47 and 2.66 times more likely to have acanthosis nigricans, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a need to train healthcare professionals to identify acanthosis nigricans, since this condition is associated with IR. Identifying acanthosis nigricans in childhood permits the safe and timely treatment of cardiometabolic disorders through careful monitoring and appropriate treatment.
FUNDAMENTOS: Estudos sugerem haver associação entre a presença de Acantose Nigricans e o desenvolvimento do diabetes. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre Acantose Nigricans e Resistência Insulínica (RI) em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso, atendidos no Centro de Obesidade Infantil, Campina Grande-PB. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre abril/2009 a abril/2010, com amostra de 194 pessoas entre 2 e 18 anos, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Na avaliação, foi observada a presença de AN e verificadas as medidas antropométricas. Foram realizados os exames: insulina, triglicerídeos, HDL-colesterol, glicose e HOMA-IR. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no SPSS, 17.0. RESULTADOS: Houve maior prevalência do sexo feminino (66%), pardos (63,4%), adolescentes (61,3%) e obesos graves (66,5%). Foi identificada AN em 58,2% e RI em 42,7%. A Acantose Nigricans esteve associada à cor não-branca (p=0,003), adolescentes (p=0,003) e RI (p=0,001). Os não-brancos apresentaram chance de 5,4 vezes maior de terem Acantose Nigricans, os adolescentes, de 2,47 e os com Resistência Insulínica, de 2,66. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados na população em estudo indicam a necessidade de treinamento voltado à identificação da Acantose Nigricans para profissionais de saúde, pois este sinal esteve associado à Resistência Insulínica. Identificar a Acantose Nigricans desde a infância permite prevenir e tratar precocemente distúrbios cardiometabólicos, através de acompanhamento criterioso e tratamento adequado.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Adulto Jovem , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Acantose Nigricans/sangue , Acantose Nigricans/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Transversais , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Homeostase , Insulina/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Some thrombophilias and severe preeclampsia may increase the risk for preterm deliveries and fetal death due to placental insufficiency. Our objective was to evaluate clinical and laboratory data as predictors of preeclampsia in a population of mothers with 3rd trimester fetal losses or preterm deliveries. In a longitudinal retrospective study, 54 consecutive women (age range: 16 to 39 years) with normotensive pregnancies were compared to 79 consecutive women with preeclampsia (age range: 16 to 43 years). Weight accrual rate (WAR) was arbitrarily defined as weight gain from age 18 years to the beginning of pregnancy divided by elapsed years. Independent predictors of preeclampsia were past history of oligomenorrhea, WAR >0.8 kg/years, pre-pregnancy or 1st trimester triglyceridemia >150 mg/dL, and elevated acanthosis nigricans in the neck. In a multivariate logistic regression model, two or more predictors conferred an odds ratio of 15 (95 percentCI [5.9-37]; P < 0.001) to develop preeclampsia (85 percent specificity, 73 percent sensitivity, c-statistic of 81 ± 4 percent; P < 0.0001). Clinical markers related to insulin resistance and sedentary lifestyles are strong independent predictors of preeclampsia in mothers with 3rd trimester fetal losses or preterm deliveries due to placental insufficiency. Women at risk for preeclampsia in this particular population might benefit from measures focused on overcoming insulin resistance.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Biomarcadores/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Oligomenorreia/complicações , Resultado da Gravidez , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de obesidade, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), aumento de cintura e acanthosis nigricans em estudantes da cidade paulistana de Sorocaba em 2009, associando aos fatores de risco. MÉTODOS: Amostra probabilística com 680 crianças (7-11 anos) de 13 escolas municipais de Sorocaba. Um questionário avaliou a prática de atividade física, tempo com televisão, videogame e computador (TV/VG/PC), antecedentes do aluno e dos pais para hipertensão arterial, doença renal e cardíaca e nível econômico. Foram realizadas medidas de peso, altura, cintura, pressão arterial (PA) e verificado acanthosis nigricans. Determinou-se a prevalência de alteração nutricional, HAS, aumento da cintura e acanthosis nigricans. Para a associação do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) IMC > P85 e da PA > P90 com outras variáveis, empregou-se o teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher (p < 0,05) e a razão de chances prevalente bruta e ajustada. RESULTADOS: A prevalência IMC > P85 foi 22,1 por cento [IC 95 por cento: 19,0-25,3 por cento], de PA > P90 10,9 por cento [IC 95 por cento: 8,6-13,5 por cento], aumento da cintura 15,4 por cento [IC 95 por cento: 12,9-17,9 por cento] e acanthosis nigricans 3,8 por cento [IC 95 por cento: 2,6-5,6 por cento]. Foi encontrada associação do excesso de peso com antecedentes do pai (RCP: 1,76; IC 95 por cento:1,05-2,95; p = 0,02) em ambas as análises. A elevação de PA associou-se ao sexo feminino (RCP: 1,90; IC 95 por cento:1,12-3,23; p = 0,010), ao maior tempo na TV/VG/PC (RCP: 1,82; IC 95 por cento:1,00-3,36; p = 0,030), à presença de acanthosis nigricans (RCP: 8,18; IC 95 por cento:3,37-19,80; p < 0,00), à obesidade (RCP: 4,09; IC 95 por cento:2,416,94; p < 0,00) e à cintura (RCP: 4,83; IC 95 por cento:2,77-8,41; p < 0,00). Após análise multivariada, permaneceram como fatores associados o sexo feminino (RCP ajustada = 2,15; IC 95 por cento:1,17-3,93) e a obesidade (RCP ajustada = 9,51; IC 95 por cento: 4,77-18,97). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de excesso de peso, HAS, aumento da cintura e acanthosis nigricans foi relevante, o que justifica a realização dessas medidas.
OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of obesity, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), waist circumference and acanthosis nigricans (AN) in school children from Sorocaba, in 2009 and associate them with risk factors. METHODS: A probabilistic sample study was carried out with 680 children (7-11 years) from 13 public schools from the city of Sorocaba, SP. A questionnaire containing questions on physical activity, time spent watching television, playing with videogames and computers (TV/VG/PC), student and parental antecedents of arterial hypertension, renal or cardiac disease, and economic level was applied. On physical examination, weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured; presence of AN was observed. The prevalence of nutritional disorders, SAH, WC increase and presence of AN were calculated. To associate body mass index (BMI) > P85 and BP > P90 with the other variables, chi square or Fisher's exact test (significance p < 0.05) and crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of BMI > P85 was 22.1 percent [95 percent CI: 19.0-25.3 percent], of BP > P90 10.9 percent [95 percent CI: 8.6- 13.5 percent], increased WC 15.4 percent [95 percent CI: 12.9-17.9 percent] and AN 3.8 percent [95 percent CI: 2.6-5.6 percent]. Paternal antecedents were associated with weight excess in both analysis (POR: 1.76; 95 percent CI: 1.05-2.95; p = 0.02). High blood pressure was associated with female sex (POR: 1.90; 95 percent CI: 1.12-3.23; p = 0.01), more time spent with TV/VG/PC (POR: 1.82; 95 percent CI: 1.00-3.36; p = 0.03), AN (POR: 8.18; 95 percent CI: 3.37-19.80; p < 0.00), obesity (POR: 4.09; 95 percent CI: 2.41-6.94; p < 0.00) and WC (POR: 4.83; 95 percent CI: 2.77-8.41; p < 0.00). After the multivariate analysis, the female sex (adjusted POR = 2.15; 95 percent CI: 1.17-3.93) and obesity (adjusted POR = 9.51; 95 percent CI: 4.77-18.97) remained. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of weight excess, SAH, increased WC and AN in these school children was relevant. This fact justifies the use of these measurements.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Acantose Nigricans/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hipertensão/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Some thrombophilias and severe preeclampsia may increase the risk for preterm deliveries and fetal death due to placental insufficiency. Our objective was to evaluate clinical and laboratory data as predictors of preeclampsia in a population of mothers with 3rd trimester fetal losses or preterm deliveries. In a longitudinal retrospective study, 54 consecutive women (age range: 16 to 39 years) with normotensive pregnancies were compared to 79 consecutive women with preeclampsia (age range: 16 to 43 years). Weight accrual rate (WAR) was arbitrarily defined as weight gain from age 18 years to the beginning of pregnancy divided by elapsed years. Independent predictors of preeclampsia were past history of oligomenorrhea, WAR >0.8 kg/years, pre-pregnancy or 1st trimester triglyceridemia >150 mg/dL, and elevated acanthosis nigricans in the neck. In a multivariate logistic regression model, two or more predictors conferred an odds ratio of 15 (95%CI [5.9-37]; P < 0.001) to develop preeclampsia (85% specificity, 73% sensitivity, c-statistic of 81 ± 4%; P < 0.0001). Clinical markers related to insulin resistance and sedentary lifestyles are strong independent predictors of preeclampsia in mothers with 3rd trimester fetal losses or preterm deliveries due to placental insufficiency. Women at risk for preeclampsia in this particular population might benefit from measures focused on overcoming insulin resistance.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Oligomenorreia/complicações , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Grupo de pacientes hondureñas con diagnóstico de este síndrome
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Infertilidade Feminina/complicações , Testes Laboratoriais/métodos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Acantose Nigricans/complicações , Cistos OvarianosRESUMO
grupo de pacientes hondureñas con diagnóstico de este síndrome