RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Additive solutions (AS) and prestorage leukoreduction (LR) are important tools used to maintain erythrocyte viability during storage and avoid transfusion reactions in recipients, respectively. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of a WBC filter (Immugard IIIRC) and compare the effect of 4 AS (phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-gluconate-mannitol [PAGGGM], saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol [SAGM], Adsol, Optisol) on the in vitro quality of canine leukoreduced packed RBC units (pRBC) stored for 41 days. METHODS: Five hundred milliliters of blood were collected from 8 healthy dogs each into 70 mL of citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) solution, and were leukoreduced by a polyurethane filter. pRBC of each dog were divided equally into 4 bags containing a different AS. Bags were stored for 41 days at 4°C and evaluated every 10 days. Variables analyzed included pH, PCV, and% hemolysis, and lactate, glucose, potassium, sodium, ATP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations. RESULTS: The LR resulted in residual WBC counts comparable to human standards. During storage, pH, and glucose, 2,3-DPG, and ATP concentrations decreased, and hemolysis, and lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations increased (P < .05). Significant differences between AS were seen in the glucose and sodium concentrations, due to the composition of AS. Also, the pH maintained by PAGGGM at day 21 was significantly higher than that seen with SAGM or Adsol. CONCLUSIONS: All AS used gave satisfactory results during the first 21 days of storage based on the degree of hemolysis, and on ATP and 2,3-DPG concentrations. When compared with day 1 values, significant changes were seen in these variables by day 31 with all AS.
Assuntos
Adenina/farmacologia , Preservação de Sangue/veterinária , Cães/sangue , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/farmacologia , Procedimentos de Redução de Leucócitos/veterinária , Manitol/farmacologia , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato/sangue , Trifosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Animais , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Preservação de Sangue/normas , Sobrevivência Celular , Citratos/farmacologia , Feminino , Hemólise , Procedimentos de Redução de Leucócitos/métodos , Masculino , Reação Transfusional/prevenção & controle , Reação Transfusional/veterináriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG/Hct) increases as a physiological occurrence to pH increase and hyperventilation. This response was tested in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: The concentration of 2,3-DPG/Hct was measured daily for six days in eleven patients with severe TBI in need of optimized hyperventilation because of intracranial hypertension. RESULTS: There was correlation between pH and the concentration of DPG/Hct. The concentration of 2,3-DPG/Hct remained predominantly within normal levels with slight increase in the sixth day of the study. The concentration of 2,3-DPG/Hct correlated significantly with measured partial pressure of oxygen that saturates 50% the hemoglobin of the blood (P50st), confirming the consistency of our data. CONCLUSION: The expected physiological response of a progressive increase in concentration of 2,3-DPG/Hct to hyperventilation was not observed. This fact may be explained by the intermittent and not sustained hyperventilation as dictated by the protocol of optimized ventilation.
Assuntos
2,3-Difosfoglicerato/sangue , Lesões Encefálicas/sangue , Respiração Artificial , APACHE , Adolescente , Adulto , Gasometria , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Eritrócitos/química , Feminino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We investigated whether 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) is altered in patients with low cardiac output and the influence of its concentration on the calculation of in vivo P(50). Biochemical and blood gas analysis were performed along with the measurement of cardiac output and body temperature in 13 patients submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries without the use of donor blood. In vivo P(50) was calculated using the measured (P(50m)) and the estimated 2,3-DPG (P(50e)). 2,3-DPG concentration was lower in these patients when compared to the values obtained in normal volunteers (6.9 +/- 2.2 vs. 11.9 +/- 2.4 microm/gHb). P(50m) was lower than P(50e) (21.6 +/- 1.1 vs. 30.1 +/- 1.2 mm Hg) at all time points. Our data show that in patients with low cardiac output, 2,3-DPG concentration is reduced. Therefore, in these patients, the use of standard values for this variable may introduce an error in the calculation of in vivo P(50).
Assuntos
2,3-Difosfoglicerato/sangue , Gasometria , Baixo Débito Cardíaco/sangue , Adulto , Algoritmos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pressão ParcialRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine oxygen derived parameters, hemodynamic and biochemical laboratory data (2,3 Diphosphoglycerate, lactate and blood gases analysis) in patients after cardiac surgery who received massive blood replacement. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Heart Institute (Instituto do Caração), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve patients after cardiac surgery who received massive transfusion replacement; six of them evolved to a fatal outcome within the three-day postoperative follow-up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The non-survivors group (n = 6) presented high lactate levels and low P50 levels, when compared to the survivors group (p < 0.05). Both groups presented an increase in oxygen consumption and O2 extraction, and there were no significant differences between them regarding these parameters. The 2,3 DPG levels were slightly reduced in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that patients who are massively transfused following cardiovascular surgery present cell oxygenation disturbances probably as a result of O2 transport inadequacy.
Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Oxigênio , Choque Hemorrágico/terapia , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato/sangue , Análise de Variância , Gasometria , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Oxigênio/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Choque Hemorrágico/etiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Objectives: To determine oxygen derived parameters, hemodynamic and biochemical laboratory data (2,3 Diphosphoglycerate, lactate and blood gases analysis) in patients after cardiac surgery who received massive blood replacement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Heart Institute (Instituto do Coraçao), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Twelve patients after cardiac surgery who received massive transfusion replacement; six of them evolved to a fatal outcome within the three-day postoperative follow-up. Measurements and Main Results: The non-survivors group (n=6) presented high lactate levels and low P(50) levels, when compared to the survivors group (p<0.05). Both groups presented an increase in oxygen consumption and O2 extraction, and there were no significant differences between them regarding these parameters. The 2,3 DPG levels were slightly reduced in both groups. Conclusions: This study shows that patients who are massively transfused following cardiovascular surgery present cell oxygenation disturbances probably as a result of O2 transport inadequacy.