RESUMO
Adipogenesis is stimulated in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts by a combination of insulin, dexamethasone and isobutylmethylxanthine, IBMX, (I+D+M). Two transcription factors are important for the acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype, C/EBP beta (CCAT enhancer-binding protein beta) and PPAR gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma). IBMX increases cAMP content, which can activate protein kinase A (PKA) and/or EPAC (exchange protein activated by cAMP). To investigate the importance of IBMX in the differentiation mixture, we first evaluated the effect of the addition of IBMX on the increase of C/EBP beta and PPAR gamma and found an enhancement of the amount of both proteins. IBMX addition (I+D+M) or its replacement with a cAMP analogue, dibutyryl-cAMP or 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2-O'-methyl-cAMP (8CPT-2-Me-cAMP), the latter activates EPAC and not PKA, remarkably increased PPAR gamma mRNA. However, neither I+D nor any of the inducers alone, increased PPAR gamma mRNA to a similar extent, suggesting the importance of the presence of both IBMX and I+D. It was also found that the addition of IBMX or 8CPT-2-Me-cAMP was able to increase the content of C/EBP beta with respect to I+D. In agreement with these findings, a microarray analysis showed that the presence of either 8CPT-2-Me-cAMP or IBMX in the differentiation mixture was able to upregulate PPAR gamma and PPAR gamma-activated genes as well as other genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results prove the involvement of IBMX-cAMP-EPAC in the regulation of adipogenic genes during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and therfore contributes to elucidate the role of cyclic AMP in this process.
Assuntos
Adipogenia/genética , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/metabolismo , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipogenia/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Compostos Azo , Western Blotting , Proteína beta Intensificadora de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismo , Contagem de Células , Primers do DNA/genética , Dexametasona/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Análise em Microsséries , Microscopia de Fluorescência , PPAR gama/metabolismoRESUMO
Glucocorticoids play an important role in adipogenesis via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that forms a heterocomplex with Hsp90-Hsp70 and a high molecular weight immunophilin FKBP51 or FKBP52. We have found that FKBP51 level of expression progressively increases, FKBP52 decreases, whereas Hsp90, Hsp70, and p23 remain unchanged when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiate. Interestingly, FKBP51 translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus at the onset of adipogenesis. FKBP51 transiently concentrates in the nuclear lamina, at a time that this nuclear compartment undergoes its reorganization. FKBP51 nuclear localization is transient, after 48 h it cycles back to mitochondria. We found that the dynamic FKBP51 mitochondrial-nuclear shuttling is regulated by glucocorticoids and mainly on cAMP-PKA signaling since PKA inhibition by myristoilated-PKI, abrogated FKBP51 nuclear translocation induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). It has been reported that PKA interacts with GR in a ligand dependent manner potentiating its transcriptional capacity. GR transcriptional capacity is reduced when cells are incubated in the presence of IBMX, forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP, compounds that induced nuclear translocation of FKBP51, therefore PKA may exert a dual role in the control of GR. In summary, the presence of FKBP51 in the nucleus may be critical for GR transcriptional control, and possibly for the control of other transcription factors that are not members of the nuclear receptor family but are regulated by PKA signaling pathway, when transcription has to be strictly controlled to succeed in the acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/citologia , Adipogenia/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismo , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/análiseRESUMO
Glucocorticoids play an important role in adipogenesis via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that forms a heterocomplex with Hsp90-Hsp70 and a high molecular weight immunophilin FKBP51 or FKBP52. We have found that FKBP51 level of expression progressively increases, FKBP52 decreases, whereas Hsp90, Hsp70, and p23 remain unchanged when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiate. Interestingly, FKBP51 translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus at the onset of adipogenesis. FKBP51 transiently concentrates in the nuclear lamina, at a time that this nuclear compartment undergoes its reorganization. FKBP51 nuclear localization is transient, after 48 h it cycles back to mitochondria. We found that the dynamic FKBP51 mitochondrial-nuclear shuttling is regulated by glucocorticoids and mainly on cAMP-PKA signaling since PKA inhibition by myristoilated-PKI, abrogated FKBP51 nuclear translocation induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). It has been reported that PKA interacts with GR in a ligand dependent manner potentiating its transcriptional capacity. GR transcriptional capacity is reduced when cells are incubated in the presence of IBMX, forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP, compounds that induced nuclear translocation of FKBP51, therefore PKA may exert a dual role in the control of GR. In summary, the presence of FKBP51 in the nucleus may be critical for GR transcriptional control, and possibly for the control of other transcription factors that are not members of the nuclear receptor family but are regulated by PKA signaling pathway, when transcription has to be strictly controlled to succeed in the acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype.