RESUMO
The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and impacts of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) performance have been well-investigated. However, the effects of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations on NP toxicity and AHL regulation have seldom been addressed yet. This study consulted on the impacts of ZnO NPs on BNR systems when high NH4+-N concentration was available. The synergistic toxic effects of high-strength NH4+-N (200 mg/L) and ZnO NPs resulted in decreased ammonia oxidation rates and dropped the nitrogen removal efficiencies by 17.5% ± 0.2%. The increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was observed in response to the high NH4+-N and ZnO NP stress, which indicated the defense mechanism against the toxic effects in the BNR systems was stimulated. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of exogenous N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL)-mediated QS system on NP-stressed BNR systems were revealed to improve the BNR performance under different NH4+-N concentrations. The C10-HSL regulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, denitrification functional enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. This probably synergistically enhanced the defense mechanism against NP toxicity. However, compared to the low NH4+-N concentration of 60 mg/L, the efficacy of C10-HSL was inhibited at high NH4+-N levels of 200 mg/L. The findings provided the significant application potential of QS system for BNR when facing toxic compound shock threats.
Assuntos
Amônia , Nitrogênio , Percepção de Quorum , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Amônia/toxicidade , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , 4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , 4-Butirolactona/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Bacteria-infected wounds pose challenges to healing due to persistent infection and associated damage to nerves and vessels. Although sonodynamic therapy can help kill bacteria, it is limited by the residual oxidative stress, resulting in prolonged inflammation. To tackle these barriers, novel 4 octyl itaconate-coated Li-doped ZnO/PLLA piezoelectric composite microfibers are developed, offering a whole-course "targeted" treatment under ultrasound therapy. The inclusion of Li atoms causes the ZnO lattice distortion and increases the band gap, enhancing the piezoelectric and sonocatalytic properties of the composite microfibers, collaborated by an aligned PLLA conformation design. During the infection and inflammation stages, the piezoelectric microfibers exhibit spatiotemporal-dependent therapeutic effects, swiftly eliminating over 94.2 % of S. aureus within 15 min under sonodynamic therapy. Following this phase, the microfibers capture reactive oxygen species and aid macrophage reprogramming, restoring mitochondrial function, achieving homeostasis, and shortening inflammation cycles. As the wound progresses through the healing stages, bioactive Zn2+ and Li + ions are continuously released, improving cell recruitment, and the piezoelectrical stimulation enhances wound recovery with neuro-vascularization. Compared to commercially available dressings, our microfibers accelerate the closure of rat wounds (Φ = 15 mm) without scarring in 12 days. Overall, this "one stone, four birds" wound management strategy presents a promising avenue for infected wound therapy.
Assuntos
Terapia por Ultrassom , Cicatrização , Animais , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido de Zinco/química , Camundongos , Estimulação Elétrica , Masculino , Infecções Estafilocócicas/terapia , Poliésteres/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Microplastics (MPs) are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence and propensity to interact and concentrate various waterborne contaminants from aqueous surroundings. Studies on the interaction and joint toxicity of MPs on engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are exhaustive, but limited research on the effect of MPs on the properties of ENPs in multi-solute systems. Here, the effect of MPs on adsorption ability of ENPs to antibiotics was investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that MPs enhanced the adsorption affinity of ENPs to antibiotics and MPs before and after aging showed different effects on ENPs. Aged polyamide prevented aggregation of ZnONPs by introducing negative charges, whereas virgin polyamide affected ZnONPs with the help of electrostatic attraction. FT-IR and XPS analyses were used to probe the physicochemical interactions between ENPs and MPs. The results showed no chemical interaction and electrostatic interaction was the dominant force between them. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of antibiotics positively correlated with pH and humic acid but exhibited a negative correlation with ionic strength. Our study highlights that ENPs are highly capable of accumulating and transporting antibiotics in the presence of MPs, which could result in a widespread distribution of antibiotics and an expansion of their environmental risks and toxic effects on biota. It also improves our understanding of the mutual interaction of various co-existing contaminants in aqueous environments.
Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Óxido de Zinco , Adsorção , Microplásticos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Nanopartículas/química , Modelos Químicos , Antibacterianos/química , Substâncias HúmicasRESUMO
The ocean serves as a repository for various types of artificial nanoparticles. Nanoplastics (NPs) and nano zinc oxide (nZnO), which are frequently employed in personal care products and food packaging materials, are likely simultaneously released and eventually into the ocean with surface runoff. Therefore, their mutual influence and shared destiny in marine environment cannot be ignored. This study examined how nanomaterials interacted and transported through sea sand in various salinity conditions. Results showed that NPs remained dispersed in brine, while nZnO formed homoaggregates. In seawater of 35 practical salinity units (PSU), nZnO formed heteroaggregates with NPs, inhibiting NPs mobility and decreasing the recovered mass percentage (Meff) from 24.52% to 12.65%. In 3.5 PSU brackish water, nZnO did not significantly aggregate with NPs, and thus barely affected their mobility. However, NPs greatly enhanced nZnO transport with Meff increasing from 14.20% to 25.08%, attributed to the carrier effect of higher mobility NPs. Cotransport from brackish water to seawater was simulated in salinity change experiments and revealed a critical salinity threshold of 10.4 PSU, below which the mobility of NPs was not affected by coexisting nZnO and above which nZnO strongly inhibited NP transport. This study highlights the importance of considering the mutual influence and shared destiny of artificial nanoparticles in the marine environment and how their interaction and cotransport are dependent on changes in seawater salinity.
Assuntos
Águas Salinas , Salinidade , Água do Mar , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/química , Água do Mar/química , Águas Salinas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Porosidade , Microplásticos , Modelos Químicos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/químicaRESUMO
Infections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO). The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these nanocomposites, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Subsequently, the potential of TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites as bio-active materials against wound infection-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Furthermore, the investigated samples show disrupted bacterial biofilm formation. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was conducted to investigate the mechanism of nanocomposite inhibition against bacteria and for further in-vivo determination of antimicrobial activity. The MTT assay was performed to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of nanocomposite. The results suggest that TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as effective bio-active nanomaterials for combating pathogenic microorganisms present in wounds.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Grafite , Nanocompostos , Cicatrização , Óxido de Zinco , Grafite/química , Grafite/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Nanocompostos/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Animais , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Humanos , Difração de Raios X , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
It is thought to be risk-free, environmentally benign, and safe for biological processes to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles from renewable resources. This study examined Cassia javanica's ability to create ZnONPs. The generated ZnONPs were analyzed using a variety of techniques, such as TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The antibacterial potential of ZnONPs has been investigated using both Agar well diffusion and microtitreplate (MTP) methods. One method used to evaluate ZnONPs' capacity to scavenge free radicals at different concentrations was the DPPH method. The permanent zinc oxide (ZnO) shape and the naturally occurring crystal structure of ZnONPs were validated by the XRD data. ZnONPs showed antibacterial activity with MICs of 31.7 µg/mL toward Bacillus subtilis, 62.5 µg/mL for Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli while Clostridium sporogenes and Bacillus pumilus was 125µg/mL. Furthermore, ZnONPs demonstrated a range of antibiofilm activities toward Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ZnONPs showed an intriguing antioxidant capacity, achieving IC50 of 109.3 µg/ml µg/mL. Additionally, ZnONPs demonstrated low toxic effect on Vero cell with IC50 154.01 µg/mL as well as possible anticancer action when applied to the carcinoma cell lines HepG2 with IC50 of 47.48 µg/mL. Furthermore, ZnONPs at 62.5 µg/mL had a promising antiviral impact against HSV1 and COX B4, with antiviral activities of 75.4% and 65.8%, respectively.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Antivirais , Biofilmes , Cassia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Humanos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Animais , Cassia/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Vero , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMO
Balanced bacterial metabolism is essential for cell homeostasis and growth and can be impacted by various stress factors. In particular, bacteria exposed to metals, including the nanoparticle form, can significantly alter their metabolic processes. It is known that the extensive and intensive use of food and feed supplements, including zinc, in human and animal nutrition alters the intestinal microbiota and this may negatively impact the health of the host. This study examines the effects of zinc (zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles) on key metabolic pathways of Escherichia coli. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses along with quantification of intermediates of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) were employed to monitor and study the bacterial responses. Multi-omics analysis revealed that extended zinc exposure induced mainly oxidative stress and elevated expression/production of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, especially enzymes for synthesis of trehalose. After the zinc withdrawal, E. coli metabolism returned to a baseline state. These findings shed light on the alteration of TCA and on importance of trehalose synthesis in metal-induced stress and its broader implications for bacterial metabolism and defense and consequently for the balance and health of the human and animal microbiome.
Assuntos
Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Escherichia coli , Trealose , Zinco , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Trealose/metabolismo , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Óxido de Zinco/metabolismo , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Proteômica , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Adaptação Fisiológica , Transcriptoma , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Modern laboratory medicine relies on analytical instruments for bacterial detection, focusing on biosensors and optical sensors for early disease diagnosis and treatment. Thus, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was utilized to study the reactivity of glycine interacted with metal oxides (ZnO, MgO, and CaO) for bacterial detection. Total dipole moment (TDM), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), FTIR spectroscopic data, electronic transition states, chemical reactivity descriptors, nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics, and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) were all investigated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level using DFT and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The Coulomb-attenuating approach (CAM-B3LYP) was utilized to obtain theoretical electronic absorption spectra with the 6-31G(d, p) basis set to be more accurate than alternative quantum chemical calculation approaches, showing good agreement with the experimental data. The TDM and FMO investigation showed that glycine/CaO model has the highest TDM (10.129Debye) and lowest band gap (1.643 eV). The DFT computed IR and the experimental FTIR are consistent. The calculated UV-vis spectra showed a red shift with an increase in polarity following an increase in the absorption wavelength due to the interaction with ZnO, MgO, and CaO. Among the five solvents of water, methanol, ethanol, DMSO and acetone, the water and DMSO enhances the UV-Vis absorption. Glycine/CaO model showed high linear polarizability (14.629 × 10-24esu) and first hyperpolarizability (23.117 × 10-30esu), indicating its potential for nonlinear optical applications. The results showed that all model molecules, particularly glycine/CaO, contribute significantly to the development of materials with potential NLO features for sensor and optoelectronic applications. Additionally, MESP confirmed the increased electronegativity of the studied structures. Additionally, glycine/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using IR and UV-visible spectroscopy to determine their structural and spectroscopic features. It was discovered that there was good agreement between the DFT computed findings and the related experimental data. The antibacterial activity of glycine/ZnO nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in terms of concentration and time. The results showed that increasing the concentration of glycine/ZnO nanocomposite significantly enhanced its antibacterial efficacy by lowering optical density. Notably, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited lower susceptibility to the nanocomposite compared to S. aureus, requiring higher concentrations for effective bactericidal action. In summary, this study contributes novel insights into the dual functionality of glycine-metal oxide complexes, with significant implications as optical biosensor for microbial detection.
Assuntos
Compostos de Cálcio , Glicina , Óxido de Magnésio , Óxidos , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Magnésio/química , Óxidos/química , Glicina/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Bactérias , Eletricidade EstáticaRESUMO
Nitrogen deficiency in low organic matter soils significantly reduces crop yield and plant health. The effects of foliar applications of indole acetic acid (IAA), trehalose (TA), and nanoparticles-coated urea (NPCU) on the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes in nitrogen-deficient soil are not well documented in the literature. This study aims to explore the influence of IAA, TA, and NPCU on tomato plants in nitrogen-deficient soil. Treatments included control, 2mM IAA, 0.1% TA, and 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA, applied with and without NPCU. Results showed that 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU significantly improved shoot length (~ 30%), root length (~ 63%), plant fresh (~ 48%) and dry weight (~ 48%), number of leaves (~ 38%), and leaf area (~ 58%) compared to control (NPCU only). Additionally, significant improvements in chlorophyll content, total protein, and total soluble sugar, along with a decrease in antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, and APX), validated the effectiveness of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU. The combined application of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU can be recommended as an effective strategy to enhance tomato growth and yield in nitrogen-deficient soils. This approach can be integrated into current agricultural practices to improve crop resilience and productivity, especially in regions with poor soil fertility. To confirm the efficacy of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU in various crops and climatic conditions, additional field studies are required.
Assuntos
Ácidos Indolacéticos , Nitrogênio , Solo , Solanum lycopersicum , Trealose , Ureia , Óxido de Zinco , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacologia , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Solo/química , Trealose/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , FertilizantesRESUMO
Metal and metal oxide nanocomposites have unique properties and are promising for antibacterial and anticancer applications. In this work, we aimed to highlight the relationship between the biosynthesis ways of silver and gold-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites and their functions as anticancer on cell lines (MCF-7 and HepG2). The propolis was used to biosynthesize four different nanoparticles with the same components, including zinc, gold and silver. The nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and cytotoxicity assays. The result of this study showed that formed nanocomposites have a similar level of Zn, Au, and Ag, ranging from 23-34%, 2-6%, and 2-3%, respectively. In addition, adding the components simultaneously produces the fastest color change, and the fabricated nanoparticles have spherical shapes with different layers. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles influenced the cell viability of the cancer cell lines, with the most effective one when Zn, Au, and Ag were added spontaneously to form a nanocomposite called (All) with IC50 of 24.5 µg/mL for MCF7 cells and 29.1 µg/mL for HepG2 cells. Thus, the study illustrates that the preparation of nanocomposite generated through green synthesis with different methods significantly affects the structure and function and may improve the synthesis of nanocomposite to be developed into an efficacious therapeutic agent for cancers. In addition, this study opens the door toward a novel track in the field of nanocomposites as it links the synthesis with structure and function. Further anti-cancer properties, as well as animal testing are needed for those nanocomposites.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Ouro , Química Verde , Nanocompostos , Própole , Prata , Óxido de Zinco , Humanos , Própole/química , Própole/farmacologia , Ouro/química , Nanocompostos/química , Prata/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Células Hep G2 , Células MCF-7 , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Zinc nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by high bioavailability, small size, and high absorbability. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of Zn-NP feed supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbiota, and histopathology in lambs. In vitro (24 h), short-term (STE, 28 d), and long-term (LTE, 70 d) experiments were performed. The lambs in STE were fed a basal diet (BD) composed of 350 g/d ground barley and 700 g/d meadow hay (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NPs), and BD enriched with Zn phosphate-based NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnP-NP). The in vitro gas production technique was used in incubated rumen fluid from STE. The lambs in LTE were fed BD (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (40 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP40), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP80) and BD enriched with ZnO (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-80). RESULTS: After 24 h of incubation, dry matter digestibility was higher for ZnO-NP and ZnP-NP substrates than the control in an in vitro experiment (P < 0.001). The total bacterial population in the STE was lower (P < 0.001) in the ZnP-NP group than in the control and ZnO-NP groups, but the protozoan populations were not significantly different. The ammonia-N concentration in LTE was lowest in the ZnO-NP80 group (P = 0.002), but the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.001) and xylanase (P = 0.002) were higher in the ZnO-NP40, ZnO-NP80, and ZnO-80 groups than in the control group. Morphological observation after STE and LTE revealed histological changes (e.g. inflammation of the epithelium or edema of the connective tissue) in the rumen of lambs. CONCLUSION: Zn-NP supplementation up to 70 d improved feed-use efficiency and influenced ammonia-N concentration and activities of hydrolases in the rumen. The active ruminal fermentation affected the health of the ruminal papillae and epithelium in the lambs, regardless of the application's form, dose, or duration. However, by affecting rumen microbial fermentation, Zn-NPs could alter fermentation patterns, thereby increasing the capacity of host rumen epithelial cells to transport short-chain fatty acids.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fermentação , Rúmen , Zinco , Animais , Rúmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Rúmen/metabolismo , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Zinco/farmacologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/metabolismo , Ovinos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , MasculinoRESUMO
Due to the increasing occurrence of drug resistant urinary tract infections (UTI) among children, there is a need to investigate alternative effective treatment protocols such as nanoparticles. Flagella and fimbriae are primary factors contributing the virulence of urinary tract infecting bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles which have been synthesized using both chemical and green methods on multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic bacteria encoding fli and fim genes and investigating their binding ability to bacterial appendage proteins. A total of 30 urine culture samples were collected from children under 2 years old diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The isolates underwent antibiotic suseptibility assessment and the isolates demonstrating MDR were subjected to molecular amplification of fimG (fimbrial) and fliD and fliT (flagellal) genes. The confirmation of cellular appendages was achieved through silver nitrate staining. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthetized nanoparticles was assessed using the micro and macrodilution methods. The successful binding of nanoparticles to bacterial appendage proteins was confirmed through mobility shift and membrane filter assays. The dimensions of chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and green nanoparticles were measured at 30 nm and 85 nm, respectively, with the exhibition of hexagonal geometries. The nanoparticles synthesized through chemical and green methods exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.0062-0.025 g/L and 0.3 g/L, respectively. The ability of ZnO nanoparticles to bind bacterial appendage proteins and to combat MDR uropathogenic bacteria are promising for new treatment protocols against UTI in children in future.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Flagelos , Infecções Urinárias , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Flagelos/efeitos dos fármacos , Flagelos/genética , Flagelos/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fímbrias Bacterianas/genética , Fímbrias Bacterianas/metabolismo , Fímbrias Bacterianas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Lactente , Nanopartículas Metálicas/químicaRESUMO
This study presents novel composites of biochar (BC) derived from spinach stalks and zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized from water hyacinth to be used for the first time in a hybrid system for activating persulfate (PS) with photocatalysis for the degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB) dye. The BC/ZnO composites were characterized using innovative techniques. BC/ZnO (2:1) showed the highest photocatalytic performance and BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system attained BTB degradation efficiency of 89.47% within 120 min. The optimum operating parameters were determined as an initial BTB concentration of 17.1 mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.7 g/L, and a persulfate initial concentration of 8.878 mM, achieving a BTB removal efficiency of 99.34%. The catalyst showed excellent stability over five consecutive runs. Sulfate radicals were the predominant radicals involved in the degradation of BTB. BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system could degrade 88.52%, 84.64%, 81.5%, and 77.53% of methylene blue, methyl red, methyl orange, and Congo red, respectively. Further, the BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system effectively activated PS to eliminate 97.49% of BTB and 85.12% of dissolved organic carbon in real industrial effluents from the textile industry. The proposed degradation system has the potential to efficiently purify industrial effluents which facilitates the large-scale application of this technique.
Assuntos
Carvão Vegetal , Corantes , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/química , Carvão Vegetal/química , Catálise , Corantes/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Sulfatos/química , Fotólise , Spinacia oleracea , Compostos Azo/química , Alimentos , Química Verde/métodos , Perda e Desperdício de AlimentosRESUMO
Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) stood out as an efficient alternative for the treatment of organic contaminants. In this work, there were proposed syntheses of mixed catalysts of pyrite and graphene oxide and pyrite and zinc oxide to treat a mixture of the drugs atenolol and propranolol in aqueous solution through the photo-Fenton process with ultraviolet radiation. The efficiency of the methodologies used in the syntheses was confirmed through different characterization analyses. It was verified that the pyrite and zinc oxide catalyst led to the best contaminant degradation percentages with values equal to 88 and 84% for the groups monitored at the wavelengths (λ) of 217 and 281 nm. The degradation kinetics presented a good fit to the kinetic model proposed by Chan and Chu (2003) with R2 equal to 0.99, indicating a pseudo-first-order degradation profile. Finally, toxicity tests were carried out with two types of seeds, watercress and cabbage, for the solution before and after treatment. The cabbage seeds showed a reduction in germination percentages for the samples after treatments, while no toxicity was observed for watercress ones. This highlights the importance of evaluating the implications caused by products in relation to different organisms representing the biota.
Assuntos
Grafite , Oxirredução , Óxido de Zinco , Grafite/química , Catálise , Óxido de Zinco/química , Sulfetos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Ferro/química , CinéticaRESUMO
Understanding the environmental impact of nanoparticle (NP) mixtures is essential to accurately assess the risk they represent for aquatic ecosystems. However, although the toxicity of individual NPs has been extensively studied, information regarding the toxicity of combined NPs is still comparatively rather scarce. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the individual and combined toxicity mechanisms of two widely consumed nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs), using an in vitro model, the RTgill-W1 rainbow trout gill epithelial cell line. Sublethal concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.1 µg mL-1) and TiO2 (30 µg mL-1) and a lethal concentration of ZnO NPs causing 10% mortality (EC10, 3 µg mL-1) were selected based on cytotoxicity assays. Cells were then exposed to the NPs at the selected concentrations alone and to their combination. Cytotoxicity assays, oxidative stress markers, and targeted gene expression analyses were employed to assess the NP cellular toxicity mechanisms and their effects on the gill cells. The cytotoxicity of the mixture was identical to the one of ZnO NPs alone. Enzymatic and gene expression (nrf2, gpx, sod) analyses suggest that none of the tested conditions induced a strong redox imbalance. Metal detoxification mechanisms (mtb) and zinc transportation (znt1) were affected only in cells exposed to ZnO NPs, while tight junction proteins (zo1 and cldn1), and apoptosis protein p53 were overexpressed only in cells exposed to the mixture. Osmoregulation (Na + /K + ATPase gene expression) was not affected by the tested conditions. The overall results suggest that the toxic effects of ZnO and TiO2 NPs in the mixture were significantly enhanced and could result in the disruption of the gill epithelium integrity. This study provides new insights into the combined effects of commonly used nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of further investigating how their toxicity may be influenced in mixtures.
Assuntos
Brânquias , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Titânio , Óxido de Zinco , Animais , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a harmless bioactive chemical, is used in bio-based packaging films for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, high amounts can change food flavor and odor. Thus, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a supplementary antimicrobial agent are added to gelatin film with CIN. The CIN/ZnO interactions are the main topic of this investigation. FTIR-Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate CIN/ZnO@gelatin films. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed nanospheres morphology of ZnO NPs, with particle sizes ranging from 12 to 22 nm. ZnO NPs integration increased the overall activation energy of CIN/ZnO@gelatin by 11.94%. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into the CIN@gelatin film significantly reduced water vapour permeability (WVP) of the CIN/ZnO@gelatin film by 12.07% and the oxygen permeability (OP) by 86.86%. The water sorption isotherms of CIN/ZnO@gelatin were described using Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into the CIN@gelatin film reduced monolayer moisture content (M0) by 35.79% and significantly decreased the solubility of CIN/ZnO@gelatin by 15.15%. The inclusion of ZnO into CIN@gelatin film significantly decreased tensile strength of CIN/ZnO@gelatin by 13.32% and Young`s modulus by 18.33% and enhanced elongation at break by 11.27%. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into the CIN@gelatin film caused a significant decrease of antioxidant activity of CIN/ZnO@gelatin film by 9.09%. The most susceptible organisms to the CIN/ZnO@gelatin film included Candida albicans, Helicobacter pylori, and Micrococcus leutus. The inhibition zone produced by the CIN/ZnO@gelatin film versus Micrococcus leutus was 25.0 mm, which was comparable to the inhibition zone created by antibacterial gentamicin (23.33 mm) and cell viability assessment revealed that ZnO/CIN@gelatin (96.8 ± 0.1%) showed great performance as potent biocompatible active packaging material.
Assuntos
Acroleína , Embalagem de Alimentos , Gelatina , Óxido de Zinco , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacologia , Gelatina/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Permeabilidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major global health threat, necessitating the urgent development of new antimicrobials through innovative methods to combat the rising prevalence of resistant microbes. With this view, we developed three novel nanoconjugates using microbial natural pigment for effective application against certain pathogenic microbes. RESULTS: A natural red pigment (RP) extracted from the endophyte Monascus ruber and gamma rays were applied to synthesize RP-ZnO, RP-CuO, and RP-MgO nanoconjugates. The synthesized nanoconjugates were characterized by different techniques to study their properties. The antimicrobial potential of these nanoconjugates was evaluated. Moreover, the antibiofilm, protein leakage, growth curve, and UV light irradiation effect of the synthesized nanoconjugates were also studied. Our results confirmed the nano-size, shape, and stability of the prepared conjugates. RP-ZnO, RP-CuO, and RP-MgO nanoconjugates showed broad antimicrobial potential against the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens. Furthermore, the RP-ZnO nanoconjugate possessed the highest activity, followed by the RP-CuO against the tested microbes. The highest % inhibition of biofilm formation by the RP-ZnO nanoconjugate. Membrane leakage of E. coli and S. aureus by RP-ZnO nanoconjugate was more effective than RP-MgO and RP-CuO nanoconjugates. Finally, UV light irradiation intensified the antibiotic action of the three nanoconjugates and RP-ZnO potential was greater than that of the RP-MgO, and RP-CuO nanoconjugates. CONCLUSION: These findings pave the way for exploiting the synthesized nanoconjugates as potential materials in biomedical applications, promoting natural, green, and eco-friendly approaches.
Assuntos
Monascus , Nanoconjugados , Monascus/metabolismo , Nanoconjugados/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Fermentação , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacologia , Endófitos/metabolismo , Endófitos/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óxido de Magnésio/química , Óxido de Magnésio/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Understanding the mechanism of toxicity of nanoparticles and their behavior in biological environments is crucial for designing materials with reduced side effects and improved performance. Among the factors influencing nanoparticle behavior in biological environments, the release and bioavailability of potentially toxic metal ions can alter equilibria and cause adverse effects. In this study, we applied two on-line Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) strategies and compared the results with off-line benchmarking centrifugal ultrafiltration to assess a key descriptor, namely the solubility of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. We found that, at the highest nanoparticle concentrations, the nanoparticle-ion ratio quickly reaches equilibrium, and the stability is not significantly affected by the separation technique. However, at lower concentrations, dynamic, non-equilibrium behavior occurs, and the results depend on the method used to separate the solid from the ionic fraction, where FFF yielded a more representative dissolution pattern. To support the (eco)toxicological profiling of the investigated nanoparticles, we generated experimental data on colloidal stability over typical (eco)toxicological assay durations. The Zeta Potential vs pH curves revealed two distinct scenarios typical of surfaces that have undergone significant modification, most likely due to pH-dependent dissolution and re-precipitation of surface groups. Finally, to enhance hazard assessment screening, we investigated ion-dependent toxicity and the effects of exposure to fresh water. Using an in vitro human skin model, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of fresh and aged ZnO nanoparticles (exposed for 72 h in M7), revealing time-dependent, dose-dependent, and nanoparticle-dependent cytotoxicity, with lower toxicity observed in the case of aged samples.
Assuntos
Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Fracionamento por Campo e Fluxo/métodos , Solubilidade , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ultrafiltração/métodos , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have wide range biological, biomedical and environmental applications. However, traditional nanofabrication of ZnONPs uses various toxic chemicals and organic solvents which limit their bio-applications. To overcome this hurdle, Bauhinia variegata derived buds extract was utilized to fabricate ZnONPs. The greenly generated ZnONPs were successfully prepared and extensively characterized using different analytical tools and the average crystalline size was calculated as 25.47 nm. Further, bioengineered ZnONPs were explored for multiple biological activities that revealed excellent therapeutic potentials. The antibacterial potential was determined using different bacterial strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 137.5 µg/mL) was reported to be the most resistant variant while Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 34.38 µg/mL) was observed to be most susceptible bacterial strain. DPPH radical scavenging potential was measured to determine the antioxidant capacity of ZnONPs and the highest scavenging potential was observed as 82% at highest of 300 µg/mL. The fungicidal effect of green ZnONPs in comparison with Amphotericin B was assessed against five selected pathogenic fungal strains. The results revealed, Fusarium solani (MIC: 46.875 µg/mL) was least resistant and Aspergillus flavus (MIC: 187.5 µg/mL) was most resistant in fungicidal examination. Cytotoxicity potential of B.V@ZnONPs was analyzed against newly hatched nauplii of brine shrimps. The results for greenly produced ZnONPs was recorded as 39.78 µg/mL while 3.006 µg/mL was reported for positive control vincristine sulphate. The results confirmed the category of general cytotoxic for greenly synthesized nano sized B.V@ZnONPs.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bauhinia , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Óxido de Zinco , Bauhinia/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Animais , Química Verde/métodosRESUMO
This study investigated the potential for tooth discoloration of root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry. Sixty bovine incisors were sectioned 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction and allocated into 6 groups (n = 10) according to the type of filling material used: G1- Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer; G2- Zinc oxide-eugenol and iodoform paste; G3- Calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide paste; G4- CH, zinc oxide, and iodoform paste; G5- CH and iodoform paste; and G6- Control. Polyethylene glycol 400 was used as a vehicle for CH-containing pastes. Color measurements were taken at specific intervals: preceding endodontic treatment (T0) and at successive points of 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) after the placement of the filling material. The color change (∆E) was calculated using the CIELab formula. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). Significant differences were observed among the filling materials and time intervals (p <0.001). All groups exhibited color changes over time, except G1 and G5, which showed color changes only after 1 year. G1 and G2 demonstrated the highest ∆E values, with a statistically significant difference observed only at T2 when compared to G3 (p = 0.008). Root canal filling materials used in primary teeth have the potential to induce tooth discoloration.