RESUMO
Perimenopause is a critical period, with severe cycle irregularity and lower estrogen secretion altering redox state biomarkers, leading to behavioral changes. The estrogen hormonal therapy (EHT) being commonly used to alleviate climacteric effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze anxiolytic profile, recognition memory (short and long term), ambulation, redox status, cell synaptic activity in locus coeruleus and hippocampus of Wistar rats in the periestropause after EHT. Forty rats participated in the study; 20 were treated with corn oil (group 21Mo/Veh; corn oil/0.2 mL/sc; 2x/week) and 20 were submitted to EHT (group 21Mo/E2; 17ß-estradiol/15 µg/Kg/sc; 2x/week) for 120 days. Open field, elevated plus maze, object recognition (RO), and footprint tests were performed immediately before and at the end of the treatment period. From the decapitated brains, isolated hippocampus were destined for biochemical analysis, in turn, perfused brains were destined for histological analysis. The 21Mo/E2 group had a significantly greater total time in the central region and a significantly greater number of entries into the open arms compared to the 21Mo/Veh group, as in crossing, rearing and grooming behaviors, evidencing an anxiolytic profile. In the RO test, the 21Mo/Veh group decreased long-term memory, and the 21Mo/E2 group maintained the same index as at 17 months of age, in addition to a better balance of the hippocampal redox state, prevention of neuronal cell loss and better gait. Based on the results, it appears that exogenous E2 supplementation during periestropause may help preserve neurological functions and potentially prevent neuropsychological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Humanos , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Óleo de Milho/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Cognição , Hipocampo , OvariectomiaRESUMO
Essential oil (EO) nanoemulsions have been recently studied due to their antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their possible negative effect against human gut microorganisms during their passage though the gastrointestinal tract. This work studied the effect of digestible (corn oil) or non-digestible (paraffin oil) citral nanoemulsions against specific microorganisms of human microflora under in vitro digestion conditions. The use of a citral lipid carrier (paraffin oil or corn oil) decreased the nanoemulsion particle size and increased its stability after gastric conditions with regards to the pure citral nanoemulsions. Digestible nanoemulsions formulated with corn oil and citral presented a lower bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli after being subjected to in vitro digestion conditions in comparison to the initial nanoemulsion. However, a non-digestible nanoemulsion formulated with paraffin oil and citral presented a similar antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus and E. coli to the one of the initial nanoemulsion. This evidences that non-digestible nanoemulsions may entrap the citral in the lipid core and thus retaining its antimicrobial potential during their passage though the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, this work evidences the impact of the lipid carrier digestibility when formulating antimicrobial nanoemulsions on certain intestinal probiotic bacteria.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Óleo de Milho , Humanos , Emulsões , Escherichia coli , DigestãoRESUMO
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.
Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Próstata , Óleo de Milho/farmacologia , HormôniosRESUMO
Introduction: DEHP is an endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of malleable plastics. DEHP exposure was associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function. Although previous studies reported deleterious effects of DEHP exposure during the intrauterine period, few studies have evaluated the direct effects triggered by this endocrine disruptor on the offspring animals' thyroid function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intrauterine exposure to DEHP on the HPT axis function programming of the offspring animals during adulthood. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with corn oil or corn oil supplemented with DEHP (0.48 or 4.8 mg/kg/day) throughout the gestational period. The offspring rats were euthanized on the 90th postnatal day. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and liver were collected to analyze gene expression and protein content through qPCR and Western Blot. Blood was collected to determine TSH and thyroid hormone levels through fluorometric or chemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: In the adult F1 female rats, the highest dose of DEHP decreased TSH serum levels. In the thyroid, DEHP reduced the gene expression and/or protein content of NIS, TSHR, TG, TPO, MCT8, NKX2.1, PAX8, and FOXE1. These data are consistent with the reduction in T4 serum levels of the F1 DEHP-exposed female rats. In the liver, DEHP exposure increased the mRNA expression of Dio1 and Ttr, while the highest dose of DEHP reduced the mRNA expression of Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a6. Conversely, in the F1 male adult rats, TSHB expression and TSH serum levels were increased in DEHP-exposed animals. In the thyroid, except for the reduced protein content of TSHR, none of the evaluated genes/proteins were altered by DEHP. TH serum levels were not changed in the DEHP-exposed F1 male rats compared to the control group. Additionally, there were no significant alterations in the expression of hepatic enzymes in these animals. Discussion/Conclusions: Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that intrauterine exposure to DEHP disrupts the HPT axis function in male and female offspring rats and strongly suggest that DEHP exposure increases the susceptibility of the offspring animals to develop thyroid dysfunctions during adulthood.
Assuntos
Dietilexilftalato , Disruptores Endócrinos , Hipotálamo , Hipófise , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Glândula Tireoide , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Óleo de Milho , Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Tireotropina , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipófise/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the chemical composition; oxidation indicators; ether extract (EE) digestibility; and digestible, metabolizable, and net energy (DE, ME, and NE, respectively) content of distillers corn oil (DCO) from Brazil (CBR) and the United States (CUS), with refined (RSB) and degummed soybean oil (DSB) from Brazil offered to pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (23.1±3.4 kg body weight) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, or diets composed of 90% basal diet and 10% of one of the four oil sources (CBR, CUS, RSB, or DSB). Pigs were fed an amount of their respective experimental diets equivalent to 2.8 times the maintenance DE requirement for 9 d (sequentially 7 d for adaptation and 2 d for partial collection of feces). Distillers corn oil from Brazil contained lower linoleic acid (47.4%) than CUS (53.9%), RSB (54.2%), and DSB (51.5%), but greater contents of oleic (32.1%) and palmitic (14.6%) acids compared to CUS (27.0 and 12.9%), RSB (22.9 and 11.2%), and DSB (23.5 and 11.2%). The moisture and unsaponifiable contents of CBR (0.17 and 1.64%) and CUS (0.20 and 1.64%) were similar, but greater than the values found for RSB (0.05 and 1.20%) and DSB (0.12 and 1.02%). The anisidine value, free fatty acid content, and acidity of DCO samples were higher than soybean oils. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric reactive substances content increased in the oil samples over time. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and the DE, ME and NE values of the oils did not differ among oil sources and ranged from 87.8 to 91.5%, and from 8280 to 8630, 8139 to 8459, and 7162 to 7444 kcal/kg, respectively. The ATTD of EE was greater in RSB and DSB than for CBR, but similar to CUS. The DCO produced in Brazil is an excellent energy source for pigs, with DE, ME, and NE values similar to those of DCO from the US and soybean oils.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Óleo de Milho/química , Óleo de Soja/química , Destilação/métodosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate egg production and quality after including crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) in the feed of laying hens. The design was completely randomized to three treatments and six replicates each. The sample included 90 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage, housed in cages; each cage contained five animals and constituted an experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were corn-based feed with degummed soybean oil (CSO), corn-based feed with CCOHA (CC) and sorghum-based feed with CCOHA (SC). At the end of the 28-day cycle, the following productivity parameters were evaluated: egg weight at laying (EWL), laying percentage (LP), feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ) and feed conversion per egg mass (FCEM). The evaluated internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were yolk percentage (YP), yolk index (YI), and yolk pH (YpH); albumen percentage (AP), albumen index (AI), and albumen pH (ApH); percentage shell (PS) and shell surface area (SSA); Haugh unit (HU) and egg yolk color (EYC). There were no significant differences in EW, LP, FCDZ, and FCEM between the experimental feeds. Moreover, the use of crude corn oil with high acidity in laying hens rations did not influence the parameters of YP, YI, YpH, AP, AI, ApH, PS, SSA, HU, and EYC.
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em rações de galinhas poedeiras sobre a produção de ovos e sua qualidade interna e externa. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições cada, com 90 galinhas da linhagem Lohmann LSL®, alojadas em número de cinco aves por gaiola, constituindo cada gaiola uma unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: rações base milho com óleo degomado de soja (MOS), milho com OBMAA (MOM) e sorgo com OBMAA (SOM). Ao final do ciclo de 28 dias determinou-se os parâmetros de produtividade: peso dos ovos na postura (POP), porcentagem de postura (POS) e conversões alimentares por dúzia (CAD) e por massa de ovos (CAM). Em seguida foram realizadas as análises de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos: percentagem, índice e pH da gema (GE%, IGE, pHGE), percentagem, índice e pH do albúmen (AL%, IAL, pHAL), percentagem e superfície de área de casca (CAS%, SACAS), unidade Haugh (UH) e colorimetria da gema. Não houve diferença para POS e POP, CAD e CAM das rações experimentais. A utilização do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez nas rações de galinhas poedeiras não influenciou nos parâmetros de GE%, IGE, pHGE, AL%, IAL, pHAL, CAS%, SACAS, UH e colorimetria da gema
Assuntos
Óleo de Milho , Galinhas , Ovos , Ração AnimalRESUMO
This paper proposes the use of random forest for adulteration detection purposes, combining the random forest algorithm with the artificial generation of outliers from the authentic samples. This proposal was applied in two food adulteration studies: evening primrose oils using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ground nutmeg using NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The primrose oil was adulterated with soybean, corn and sunflower oils, and the model was validated using these adulterated oils and other different oils, such as rosehip and andiroba, in pure and adulterated forms. The ground nutmeg was adulterated with cumin, commercial monosodium glutamate, soil, roasted coffee husks and wood sawdust. For the primrose oil, the proposed method presented superior performance than PLS-DA and similar performance to SIMCA and for the ground nutmeg, the random forest was superior to PLS-DA and SIMCA. Also, in both applications using the random forest, no sample was excluded from the external validation set.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Ácidos Linoleicos/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Ácido gama-Linolênico/química , Óleo de Milho/análise , Limite de Detecção , Myristica/química , Oenothera biennis , Óleo de Soja/análise , Óleo de Girassol/análiseRESUMO
Avaliou-se as características de mortadelas elaboradas com emulsão gélica, feitas com três diferentes óleos (canola, girassol e milho), em substituição à gordura animal (controle). Os produtos obtidos foram analisados quanto ao pH, composição química (água, proteínas, gordura e minerais), cor objetiva (L, a*, b*, C, h) e perfil de textura (dureza; coesividade; adesividade; flexibilidade; e mastigabilidade). Foram observadas pequenas alterações em relação à composição centesimal das mortadelas estudadas, devido à variação da matéria-prima. Observou-se diferença apenas quanto à dureza, sendo que as amostras com substituição da gordura por emulsão gélica apresentaram menores valores para esse parâmetro. Assim, a substituição da gordura animal por emulsões gélicas de óleos vegetais em mortadelas de aves mostra ser uma alternativa viável.
Assuntos
Óleo de Milho/administração & dosagem , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Emulsões/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Brassica napus/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Girassol/administração & dosagem , Produtos da Carne/análise , Gorduras/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Biossurfactantes são compostos com características tensoativas, produzidos por diversas espécies de microrganismos. Nesse estudo, a composição de ácidos graxos de biossurfactantes produzidos por fungos filamentosos endofíticos foram analisados. Para a produção dos biossurfactantes, empregou-se fontes de carbono (óleo vegetal de milho) e nitrogênio (ureia) de baixo custo no meio de cultivo. A composição de ácidos graxos foi determinada a partir da cromatografia gasosa. Foram identificados seis picos de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, com predominância do ácido linoleico (C18:2n-6c) e ácido oleico (C18:1n-9c). Tanto os ácidos graxos saturados quanto os insaturados foram encontrados na estrutura dos biossurfactantes. Estes resultados demonstraram a importância destes compostos para potenciais aplicações em várias áreas industriais.(AU)
Assuntos
Fungos , Tensoativos/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Tensoativos/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa , Óleo de Milho , UreiaRESUMO
Biossurfactantes são compostos com características tensoativas, produzidos por diversas espécies de microrganismos. Nesse estudo, a composição de ácidos graxos de biossurfactantes produzidos por fungos filamentosos endofíticos foram analisados. Para a produção dos biossurfactantes, empregou-se fontes de carbono (óleo vegetal de milho) e nitrogênio (ureia) de baixo custo no meio de cultivo. A composição de ácidos graxos foi determinada a partir da cromatografia gasosa. Foram identificados seis picos de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, com predominância do ácido linoleico (C18:2n-6c) e ácido oleico (C18:1n-9c). Tanto os ácidos graxos saturados quanto os insaturados foram encontrados na estrutura dos biossurfactantes. Estes resultados demonstraram a importância destes compostos para potenciais aplicações em várias áreas industriais.
Assuntos
Fungos , Tensoativos/isolamento & purificação , Tensoativos/química , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Cromatografia Gasosa , Ureia , Óleo de MilhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to reduce the acidity of acid corn oil for its subsequent use as edible oil. Also, its tocopherols composition was determined. This oil is obtained as a by-product of corn alcohol production on an industrial scale and is currently used as a raw material in the biodiesel industry. RESULTS: The tocopherols and fatty acids composition of acid corn oil was determined by gas chromatography, and molecular distillation experiments were carried out at different temperatures between 110 °C and 190 °C with a volumetric flow rate of 0.5 to 2 mL min-1 and a pressure of 5 × 10-5 atm. It was possible to reduce its acidity from 9.44% (as oleic acid) to values less than 0.3% in the residue, with distillation temperatures higher than 180 °C; also, in the distillate, the tocopherols were recovered with concentrations up to 13 360 ppm. CONCLUSION: It was possible to decrease the acidity and purify tocopherols from acid corn oil by molecular distillation, obtaining a residue with an acidity acceptable for human consumption and a distillate with a high tocopherols content. Therefore, using molecular distillation, added value was given to a by-product of the bioalcohol industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Óleo de Milho/isolamento & purificação , Destilação/métodos , Ácido Oleico/análise , Zea mays/química , Cromatografia Gasosa , Óleo de Milho/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Temperatura , Tocoferóis/química , Resíduos/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummedsoybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatmentsand ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatmentsconsisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and twocorn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibilitytest was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME)and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight(LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with boneand skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well asbreast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differencesbetween AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcassand cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and inthe levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA hadno effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em substituição ao óleodegomado de soja (ODS) em rações para frangos de corte. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado,sendo quatro tratamentos com dez repetições, cada boxe com 40 aves (machos), totalizando 1600 avesda linhagem Cobb Slow. Os tratamentos foram: ração base sorgo com ODS (SOS), ração base sorgocom OBMAA (SOM), ração base milho com ODS (MOS) e ração base milho com OBMAA (MOM).Aos 30 dias de idade foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade por meio de coleta total de excretas, paraa determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) nas rações teste. Ao final dos 42 dias determinou-se o peso vivo (PV), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e rendimento de carcaça (RC), peito com osso e pele (PCOP), peito sem osso e pele (PSOP), coxa (C), sobrecoxa (SC) e asas (A) ecomposição centesimal do peito. Não houve diferença nos valores de energia metabolizável aparente(EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) das rações basemilho e base sorgo com OBMAA. O uso do OBMAA não diferiu sobre o PV, CR, CA e rendimentos decarcaça e cortes tanto nas dietas com o ODS quanto nas com OBMAA. Na composição de peito, nãohouve diferença de matéria seca e nos teores de proteína bruta, gordura e de matéria mineral. Conclui-seque o OBMAA não afetou as variáveis de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e corte e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Óleo de Milho , Ração Animal , Galinhas , Carne , Abate de Animais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição AnimalRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummedsoybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatmentsand ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatmentsconsisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and twocorn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibilitytest was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME)and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight(LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with boneand skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well asbreast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differencesbetween AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcassand cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and inthe levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA hadno effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em substituição ao óleodegomado de soja (ODS) em rações para frangos de corte. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado,sendo quatro tratamentos com dez repetições, cada boxe com 40 aves (machos), totalizando 1600 avesda linhagem Cobb Slow. Os tratamentos foram: ração base sorgo com ODS (SOS), ração base sorgocom OBMAA (SOM), ração base milho com ODS (MOS) e ração base milho com OBMAA (MOM).Aos 30 dias de idade foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade por meio de coleta total de excretas, paraa determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) nas rações teste. Ao final dos 42 dias determinou-se o peso vivo (PV), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e rendimento de carcaça (RC), peito com osso e pele (PCOP), peito sem osso e pele (PSOP), coxa (C), sobrecoxa (SC) e asas (A) ecomposição centesimal do peito. Não houve diferença nos valores de energia metabolizável aparente(EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) das rações basemilho e base sorgo com OBMAA. O uso do OBMAA não diferiu sobre o PV, CR, CA e rendimentos decarcaça e cortes tanto nas dietas com o ODS quanto nas com OBMAA. Na composição de peito, nãohouve diferença de matéria seca e nos teores de proteína bruta, gordura e de matéria mineral. Conclui-seque o OBMAA não afetou as variáveis de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e corte e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte.
Assuntos
Humanos , Carne , Galinhas , Ração Animal , Óleo de Milho , Abate de Animais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição AnimalRESUMO
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are known to modulate a variety of immune cell functions. On occasion, this has led to diminished host resistance to certain viral and bacterial infections. Little is known about the impact of n-3 PUFA on host resistance to parasitic infection, however, based on results from a small study conducted more than two decades ago, we hypothesized that providing mice LC n-3 PUFA will diminish host resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic pathogen responsible for Chagas disease. To investigate this, C57BL/6 mice were supplemented by gavage (0.6% v/w) with phosphate-buffered saline, corn oil (CO), or menhaden fish oil (FO, a fat source rich in LC n-3 PUFA) for 15 days prior to T cruzi (Y strain) challenge and throughout the acute phase of infection. FO supplementation was associated with a transient 2-fold greater peak of blood parasitemia at 7 days postinfection (dpi), whereas subsequent cardiac parasitemia was ~60% lower at 12 dpi. FO treatment also ameliorated the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia observed in the early stages of a T cruzi infection. FO supplementation reduced circulating and cardiac nitric oxide at 7 and 12 dpi, respectively. FO supplementation altered ex vivo prostaglandin E2 and cytokine and chemokine production by splenocytes isolated from uninfected and infected mice. Overall, our results suggest that oral administration of LC n-3 PUFA from FO can have beneficial effects on the host in the early course of a T cruzi infection.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Doenças Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Aguda , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/sangue , Doença Crônica , Óleo de Milho/administração & dosagem , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismoRESUMO
Specialty oils differ in fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant content, impacting their benefits for cardiovascular health. The lipid (fatty acid, phytosterol) and antioxidant (total phenolics, radical scavenging capacity) profiles of grapeseed (GSO), corn (CO) and coconut (CNO) oils and their physiological (triacylglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in serum and fatty acid and phytosterol hepatic deposition) and genomic (HL, LCAT, ApoA-1 and SR-BP1 mRNA hepatic levels) responses after their sub-chronic intake (10% diet for 28 days) was examined in healthy albino rats. Fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant profiles differed between oils (p ≤ 0.01). Serum and hepatic triacylglycerides and total cholesterol increased (p ≤ 0.01); serum HDL-Cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05); but serum FRAP did not differ (p > 0.05) in CNO-fed rats as compared to CO or GSO groups. Hepatic phytosterol deposition was higher (+2.2 mg/g; p ≤ 0.001) in CO- than GSO-fed rats, but their fatty acid deposition was similar. All but ApoA-1 mRNA level increased in GSO-fed rats as compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.01). Hepatic fatty acid handling, but not antioxidant response, nor hepatic phytosterol deposition, could be related to a more efficient reverse-cholesterol transport in GSO-fed rats as compared to CO or CNO.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hiperlipidemias/prevenção & controle , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/agonistas , HDL-Colesterol/antagonistas & inibidores , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Óleo de Coco , Óleo de Milho/efeitos adversos , Óleo de Milho/química , Óleo de Milho/uso terapêutico , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Masculino , Capacidade de Absorbância de Radicais de Oxigênio , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Fitosteróis/efeitos adversos , Fitosteróis/análise , Fitosteróis/metabolismo , Fitosteróis/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Sementes/química , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Vitis/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether α-linolenic acid (ALA ω-3 fatty acid) enriched diet affects growth parameters when applied to a syngeneic model of mammary carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c mice were divided and fed with: 1) a chia oil diet, rich in ALA or 2) a corn oil diet, rich in linoleic acid (LA ω-6 fatty acid). Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with a tumor cell line LM3, derived from a murine mammary adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: After 35 days, tumor incidence, weight, volume and metastasis number were lower in the ALA-fed mice, while tumor latency time was higher, and the release of pro-tumor metabolites derived from ω-6 fatty acids decreased in the tumor. Compared to the control group, a lower number of mitosis, a higher number of apoptotic bodies and higher T-lymphocyte infiltration were consistently observed in the ALA group. An ALA-rich diet decreased the estrogen receptor (ER) α expression, a recognized breast cancer promotor while showing an opposite effect on ERß in tumor lysates. CONCLUSION: These data support the anticancer effect of an ALA-enriched diet, which might be used as a dietary strategy in breast cancer prevention.
Assuntos
Dieta , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/prevenção & controle , Metástase Neoplásica/prevenção & controle , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Óleo de Milho , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/metabolismo , Feminino , Ácido Linoleico , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Transplante de Neoplasias , Óleos de Plantas , Linfócitos TRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFAs) in a murine model of herpetic chorioretinitis. METHODS: BALB/c mice were fed on three high fat diets, which contained: Menhaden oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs); Safflower oil (rich in n-6 PUFAs); or Corn oil (rich in saturated fatty acids) as control group, 14 days previously and until 12 days following anterior chamber (AC) HSV-1 inoculation. RESULTS: Mice fed on Menhaden oil present an early development of contralateral chorioretinitis by day 6 post-AC HSV-1 inoculation and also significant increase of RNA HSV-1 expression compared with Safflower and Corn oil groups. Furthermore, mice fed on Menhaden oil showed a significant decrease secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 in splenic cells and both retinas. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that mice fed on Menhaden oil (n-3 PUFAs) presented an early development of contralateral chorioretinitis by day 6 post-AC HSV-1 inoculation and also a significant increase in RNA HSV-1 expression compared with animals fed on Safflower and Corn oils. This increase of HSV-1 could be associated with the higher development of chorioretinitis.
Assuntos
Coriorretinite/virologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infecções Oculares Virais/virologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/farmacologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Animais , Óleo de Milho/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Óleo de Cártamo/administração & dosagem , Timidina Quinase/genética , Uveíte Anterior/virologiaRESUMO
This research studied the influence of the germ components on the physicochemical properties of cooked corn and nixtamalized corn flours as a function of the calcium hydroxide content (from 0 to 2.1 w/w) and steeping time (between 0 and 9h). A linear relationship was found between calcium content in germ and steeping time used during nixtamalization process. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that calcium carbonate is formed into the germ structure to 2.1 w/w of calcium hydroxide and 9h steeping time. The presence of the germ improves the development of peak viscosity in flours, and it is related to the increases in calcium concentration in germ and the formation of amylose-lipid complexes. No significant changes were observed in palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids of corn oil. The levels of further corn oil deterioration were 2.1 w/w of calcium hydroxide concentration and 9h of steeping time.
Assuntos
Óleo de Milho/análise , Farinha/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Viscosidade , Zea mays/química , Amilose/química , Amilose/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Culinária/métodos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Germinação , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
This study determined the specific uptake rate of glucose and corn oil substrates used as carbon sources in batch cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi. We tested three biological models of growth rate: Monod, logistic and lag-exponential. With respect to the substrate consumption rate, we tested two models: constant cell yield (CCY) and law of mass action (LMA). The experimental data obtained from the culture with glucose as substrate correlated satisfactorily with the logistic/LMA model, indicating that the cell yield was variable. In the case of corn oil as carbon source, considering total residual lipids as substrate in the culture broth, the model with the best correlation was the lag-exp/CCY model. The quantification by GC of the three main fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and palmitic) in the culture medium showed a cumulative behavior, with a maximum concentration of each acid at 36 h. We established a more explicit mechanism of the consumption of corn oil, consisting of two stages: generation of fatty acids by hydrolysis and consumption by cellular uptake. The kinetic of hydrolysable lipids was of first order. We found that the hydrolysis rate of corn oil is not a limiting factor for the uptake of fatty acids by the microorganism. We also established, based on the analysis of the identical mathematical structure of consumption kinetics, that the uptake of fatty acids is faster than the uptake of glucose.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura Celular por Lotes/métodos , Óleo de Milho/metabolismo , Gibberella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glucose/metabolismo , Biomassa , Carbono/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Cinética , Lipídeos/química , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-fatty acids (TFA) on liver and serum TAG regulation in mice fed diets containing different proportions of n-3, n-6 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from olive (O), maize (C) or rapeseed (R) oils partially substituted or not with TFA (Ot, Ct and Rt, respectively). Male CF1 mice were fed (30 d) one of these diets. The effects of the partial substitution (1 %, w/w) of different UFA with TFA on the activity and expression of hepatic enzymes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acids oxidation were evaluated, as well as their transcription factor expressions. Some of the mechanisms involved in the serum TAG regulation, hepatic VLDL rich in TAG (VLDL-TAG) secretion rate and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were assessed. In liver, TFA induced an increase in TAG content in the Ot and Rt groups, and this effect was associated with an imbalance between lipogenesis and ß-oxidation. In the Ot group, exacerbated lipogenesis may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the liver steatosis induced by TFA, whereas in Rt it has been related to a decreased ß-oxidation, compared with their respective controls. The enhanced hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion in the Ot and Rt groups was compensated with a differential removal of TAG by LPL enzyme in extrahepatic tissues, leading to unchanged serum TAG levels. In brief, the effects of low levels of TFA on liver and serum TAG regulation in mice depend on the dietary proportions of n-3, n-6 and n-9 UFA.