RESUMO
Oxidative stress exerts multiple disruptive effects on cellular morphology and function and is a major detriment to age-related and pathological neurodegenerative processes. The present study introduces an evaluative and comparative investigation of the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of a Prenanthes purpurea extract and its major constituent 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DiCQA) in an in vitro model of H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. Using validated in vitro and in silico approaches, we established the presence and concentration dynamics of cellular protection in a 24 h pretreatment regimen with the natural products. The conducted cytotoxicity studies and the automated Chou-Talalay analysis for studying drug interactions demonstrated a strong antagonistic effect of the tested substances against oxidative stimuli in an "on demand" manner, prevailing at the higher end of the concentration range. These findings were further supported by the proteomic characterization of the treatment samples, accounting for a more distinct neuroprotection provided by the pure polyphenol 3,5-DiCQA.
Assuntos
Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Estresse Oxidativo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Humanos , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In this study, chitosan low molecular weight (LCH) and chitosan medium molecular weight (MCH) were employed to encapsulate a yarrow extract rich in chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) that showed antiproliferative activity against colon adenocarcinoma cells. The design of CH micro/nanoparticles to increase the extract colon delivery was carried out by using two different techniques: ionic gelation and spray drying. Ionic gelation nanoparticles obtained were smaller and presented higher yields values than spray-drying microparticles, but spray-drying microparticles showed the best performance in terms of encapsulation efficiency (EE) (> 94%), also allowing the inclusion of a higher quantity of extract. Spray-drying microparticles designed using LCH with an LCH:extract ratio of 6:1 (1.25 mg/mL) showed a mean diameter of 1.31 ± 0.21 µm and EE values > 93%, for all phenolic compounds studied. The release profile of phenolic compounds included in this formulation, at gastrointestinal pHs (2 and 7.4), showed for most of them a small initial release, followed by an increase at 1 h, with a constant release up to 3 h. Chlorogenic acid presented the higher release values at 3 h (56.91% at pH 2; 44.45% at pH 7.4). DCQAs release at 3 h ranged between 9.01- 40.73%, being higher for 1,5- and 3,4-DCQAs. After gastrointestinal digestion, 67.65% of chlorogenic and most DCQAs remained encapsulated. Therefore, spray-drying microparticles can be proposed as a promising vehicle to increase the colon delivery of yarrow phenolics compounds (mainly chlorogenic acid and DCQAs) previously described as potential agents against colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Achillea , Proliferação de Células , Quitosana , Ácido Clorogênico , Neoplasias Colorretais , Nanopartículas , Tamanho da Partícula , Extratos Vegetais , Quitosana/química , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Achillea/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Nanopartículas/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/administração & dosagem , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Peso MolecularRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenging neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic success. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a promising new source for AD, still requires further exploration to understand its complex components and mechanisms. Here, focused on addressing Aß (1-40) aggregation, a hallmark of AD pathology, we employed a Thioflavin T fluorescence labeling method for screening the active molecular library of TCM which we established. Among the eight identified, 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid emerged as the most promising, exhibiting a robust binding affinity with a KD value of 26.7 nM. This study delves into the molecular intricacies by utilizing advanced techniques, including two-dimensional (2D) 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular docking simulations. These analyses revealed that 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid disrupts Aß (1-40) self-aggregation by interacting with specific phenolic hydroxyl and amino acid residues, particularly at Met-35 in Aß (1-40). Furthermore, at the cellular level, the identified compounds, especially 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid, demonstrated low toxicity and exhibited therapeutic potential by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell apoptosis, and mitigating Aß (1-40)-induced cellular damage. This study presents a targeted exploration of catechol compounds with implications for effective interventions in AD and sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying Aß (1-40) aggregation disruption.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ácido Quínico , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Humanos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Agregados Proteicos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
(1) Background: Phytochemicals are crucial antioxidants that play a significant role in preventing cancer. (2) Methods: We explored the use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the in vitro cultivation of D. morbifera adventitious roots (DMAR) and evaluated its impact on secondary metabolite production in DMAR, optimizing concentration and exposure time for cost-effectiveness. We also assessed its anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities and related gene expression levels. (3) Results: MeJA treatment significantly increased the production of the phenolic compound 3,5-Di-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA). The maximum 3,5-DCQA production was achieved with a MeJA treatment at 40 µM for 36 h. MeJA-DMARE displayed exceptional anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it downregulated the mRNA expression of key inflammation-related cytokines. Additionally, MeJA-DMARE exhibited anti-lung cancer activity by promoting ROS production in A549 lung cancer cells and inhibiting its migration. It also modulated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the Bcl-2 and p38 MAPK pathways. (4) Conclusions: MeJA-treated DMARE with increased 3,5-DCQA production holds significant promise as a sustainable and novel material for pharmaceutical applications thanks to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lung cancer properties.
Assuntos
Acetatos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Ciclopentanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Oxilipinas , Raízes de Plantas , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Acetatos/farmacologia , Acetatos/química , Animais , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Humanos , Células RAW 264.7 , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Células A549 , Sapindaceae/químicaRESUMO
Plant in vitro cultures can be an effective tool in obtaining desired specialized metabolites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on phenolic compounds in Rhaponticum carthamoides shoots cultured in vitro. R. carthamoides is an endemic and medicinal plant at risk of extinction due to the massive harvesting of its roots and rhizomes from the natural environment. The shoots were cultured on an agar-solidified and liquid-agitated Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzyladenine (BA). The effect of the medium and different treatments of LED lights (blue (BL), red (RL), white (WL), and a combination of red and blue (R:BL; 7:3)) on R. carthamoides shoot growth and its biosynthetic potential was observed. Medium type and the duration of LED light exposure did not affect the proliferation rate of shoots, but they altered the shoot morphology and specialized metabolite accumulation. The liquid medium and BL light were the most beneficial for the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) production, shoot growth, and biomass increment. The liquid medium and BL light enhanced the content of the sum of all identified CQAs (6 mg/g DW) about three-fold compared to WL light and control, fluorescent lamps. HPLC-UV analysis confirmed that chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) was the primary compound in shoot extracts regardless of the type of culture and the light conditions (1.19-3.25 mg/g DW), with the highest level under R:BL light. BL and RL lights were equally effective. The abundant component was also 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, accompanied by 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, a tentatively identified dicaffeoylquinic acid derivative, and a tricaffeoylquinic acid derivative 2, the contents of which depended on the LED light conditions.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Luz , Brotos de Planta , Ácido Quínico , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brotos de Planta/metabolismo , Brotos de Planta/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/metabolismo , Ácido Quínico/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/química , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismoRESUMO
Caffeioyl quinic acids and polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz are considered potential bioactive substances for hyperuricemia (HUA) treatment. While the mechanism of multi-component combined intervention of polysaccharides and dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of A. selengensis Turcz leaves polysaccharides (APS) on the HUA treatment with diCQAs in vitro by direct inhibition of XOD activities and in vivo by using animal model. The results showed that APS had almost no inhibitory effect on XOD activities in vitro, but the inhibitory activity of diCQAs on XOD was affected by changes in inhibition type and inhibition constant. Compared to APS and diCQAs alone, high-dose APS and diCQAs in combination (ADPSh) could significantly reduce the production of uric acid (16.38 % reduction compared to diCQAs group) and oxidative stress damage. Additionally, this combined therapy showed promise in restoring the gut microbiota balance and increasing the short-chain fatty acids levels. The results suggested that APS and diCQAs in combination could be a potential inhibitor for HUA treatment.
Assuntos
Artemisia , Hiperuricemia , Folhas de Planta , Polissacarídeos , Artemisia/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Hiperuricemia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ácido Úrico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , CamundongosRESUMO
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme in glucolipid metabolism, and abnormally high expression of ACLY occurs in many diseases, including cancers, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. ACLY inhibitors are prospective treatments for these diseases. However, the scaffolds of ACLY inhibitors are insufficient with weak activity. The discovery of inhibitors with structural novelty and high activity continues to be a research hotpot. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms is used for cardiovascular disease treatment, from which no ACLY inhibitors have ever been found. In this work, we discovered three novel ACLY inhibitors, and the most potent one was isochlorogenic acid C (ICC) with an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.04 µM. We found dicaffeoylquinic acids with ortho-dihydroxyphenyl groups were important features for inhibition by studying ten phenolic acids. We further investigated interactions between the highly active compound ICC and ACLY. Thermal shift assay revealed that ICC could directly bind to ACLY and improve its stability in the heating process. Enzymatic kinetic studies indicated ICC was a noncompetitive inhibitor of ACLY. Our work discovered novel ACLY inhibitors, provided valuable structure-activity patterns and deepened knowledge on the interactions between this targe tand its inhibitors.
Assuntos
ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liase , Eleutherococcus , Eleutherococcus/química , Estrutura Molecular , ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liase/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Quínico/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Hidroxibenzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. (Maodongqing, MDQ) is a common herbal tea ingredient in Southern China for heat clearance and anti-inflammation. Our preliminary screening showed that 50% ethanol extract of its leaves has anti-influenza virus activity. In this report, we proceed to identify the active components and clarify the related anti-influenza mechanisms. AIM: We aim to isolate and identify the anti-influenza virus phytochemicals from the extract of the MDQ leaves, and study their anti-influenza virus mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plaque reduction assay was used to test the anti-influenza virus activity of fractions and compounds. Neuraminidase inhibitory assay was used to confirm the target protein. Molecular docking and reverse genetics were used to confirm the acting site of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) on viral neuraminidase. RESULTS: Eight CQAs, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,5-DCQA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,4-DCQA), 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,4,5-TCQA), 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-TCQA), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (3,5-epi-DCQA) were identified from the MDQ leaves, in which Me 3,5-DCQA, 3,4,5-TCQA and 3,5-epi-DCQA were isolated for the first time. All these eight compounds were found to inhibit neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus. The results of molecular docking and reverse genetics indicated that 3,4,5-TCQA interacted with Tyr100, Gln412 and Arg419 of influenza NA, and a novel NA binding groove was found. CONCLUSION: Eight CQAs isolated from the leaves of MDQ were found to inhibit influenza A virus. 3,4,5-TCQA was found to interact with Tyr100, Gln412 and Arg419 of influenza NA. This study provided scientific evidence on the use of MDQ for treating influenza virus infection, and laid the foundation for the development of CQA derivatives as potential antiviral agents.
Assuntos
Ilex , Ácido Quínico , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Neuraminidase , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , BioensaioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a good source of chlorogenic acid (CGA), which can be hydrolyzed to quinic acid (QA) and caffeic acid (CA). These molecules have antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities, benefiting human health. The hydrolysis of CGA can be done by biotechnological processes, such as solid-state fermentation (SSF). This work evaluated the use of SSF with Aspergillus sp. for the joint release of the three molecules from SCGs. RESULTS: Hydroalcoholic extraction of the total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from SCGs was optimized, obtaining 28.9 ± 1.97 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg-1 SCGs using 0.67 L ethanol per 1 L, a 1:9 solid/liquid ratio, and a 63 min extraction time. Subsequently, SSF was performed for 30 days, achieving the maximum yields for CGA, QA, and TPCs on the 16th day: 7.12 ± 0.01 g kg-1 , 4.68 ± 0.11 g kg-1 , and 54.96 ± 0.49 g GAE kg-1 respectively. CA reached its maximum value on the 23rd day, at 4.94 ± 0.04 g kg-1 . The maximum antioxidant capacity was 635.7 mmol Trolox equivalents kg-1 on the 14th day. Compared with unfermented SCGs extracts, TPCs and CGA increase their maximum values 2.3-fold, 18.6-fold for CA, 14.2 for QA, and 6.4-fold for antioxidant capacity. Additionally, different extracts' profiles were obtained throughout the SSF process, allowing us to adjust the type of enriched extract to be produced based on the SSF time. CONCLUSION: SSF represents an alternative to produce extracts with different compositions and, consequently, different antioxidant capacities, which is a potentially attractive fermentation process for different applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Café , Humanos , Café/química , Fermentação , Antioxidantes/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Ácido Quínico/análise , Ácido Quínico/química , Fenóis , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Recently, studies on the interactions between ovalbumin (OVA) and polyphenols have received a great deal of interest. This study explored the conformational changes and the interaction mechanism of the binding between OVA and chlorogenic acid (CGA) isomers such as 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acids (3,4-diCQA), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids (4,5-diCQA), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids (3,5-diCQA) using multispectroscopic and in silico analyses. The emission spectra show that the diCQAs caused strong quenching of OVA fluorescence under different temperatures through a static quenching mechanism with hydrogen bond (H-bond) and van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The values of binding constants (OVA-3,4-diCQA = 6.123 × 105, OVA-3,5-diCQA = 2.485 × 105, OVA-4,5-diCQA = 4.698 × 105 dm3 mol-1 at 298 K) suggested that diCQAs had a strong binding affinity toward OVA, among which OVA-3,4-diCQA exhibits higher binding constant. The results of UV-vis absorption and synchronous fluorescence indicated that the binding of all three diCQAs to OVA induced conformational and micro-environmental changes in the protein. The findings of molecular modeling further validate the significant role of vdW force and H-bond interactions in ensuring the stable binding of OVA-diCQA complexes. Temperature-dependent molecular dynamics simulation studies allow estimation of the individual components that contribute to the total bound free energy value, which allows evaluation of the nature of the interactions involved. This research can provide information for future investigations on food proteins' physicochemical stability and CGA bioavailability in vitro or in vivo.
Assuntos
Ácido Clorogênico , Ácido Quínico , Ovalbumina , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Fluorescência , Ligação Proteica , Sítios de Ligação , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting the globe and its incidence is increasing pandemically. The use of plant-derived natural products for diabetes management is of great interest. Polar fraction of Artemisia annua L. leaves has shown antidiabetic activity in vivo. In the present study, three major compounds were isolated from this polar fraction; namely, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1); 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), and 3,4- dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (3), using VLC-RP-18 and HPLC techniques. The potential protective effects of these compounds against diabetes and its complications were investigated by employing various in vitro enzyme inhibition assays. Furthermore, their antioxidant and wound healing effectiveness were evaluated. Results declared that these dicaffeoylquinic acids greatly inhibited DPPIV enzyme while moderately inhibited α-glucosidase enzyme, where compounds 1 and 3 displayed the most prominent effects. In addition, compound 3 showed pronounced inhibition of α-amylase enzyme. Moreover, these compounds markedly inhibited aldose reductase enzyme and exerted powerful antioxidant effects, among which compound 3 exhibited the highest activity implying a notable potentiality in impeding diabetes complications. Interestingly, compounds 2 and 3 moderately accelerated scratch wound healing. Our findings suggest that these dicaffeoylquinic acids can be promising therapeutic agents for managing diabetes and its complications.
Assuntos
Artemisia annua/química , Complicações do Diabetes/prevenção & controle , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Hipoglicemiantes , Folhas de Planta/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Linhagem Celular , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Quínico/farmacologiaRESUMO
The discovery of a bioactive inhibitor tool for human polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts), the initiating enzyme for mucin-type O-glycosylation, remains challenging. In the present study, we identified an array of quinic acid derivatives, including four new glycerates (1-4) from Tussilago farfara, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, as active inhibitors of GalNAc-T2 using a combined screening approach with a cell-based T2-specific sensor and purified enzyme assay. These inhibitors dose-dependently inhibited human GalNAc-T2 but did not affect O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), the other type of glycosyltransferase. Importantly, they are not cytotoxic and retain inhibitory activity in cells lacking elongated O-glycans, which are eliminated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. A structure-activity relationship study unveiled a novel quinic acid-caffeic acid conjugate pharmacophore that directs inhibition. Overall, these new natural product inhibitors could serve as a basis for developing an inhibitor tool for GalNAc-T2.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Tussilago/química , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Flores/química , Flores/metabolismo , Glicosilação , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Conformação Molecular , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/isolamento & purificação , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/metabolismo , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tussilago/metabolismo , Polipeptídeo N-AcetilgalactosaminiltransferaseRESUMO
Bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables influence each other's antioxidant activity. Pure standards, and mixtures of the common plant compounds, namely ascorbic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, and quercetin-3-rutinoside (sum 0.3 mM), in the presence and absence of iron, were analyzed pre- and post-thermal processing in an aqueous solution. Antioxidant activity was measured by total phenolic content (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (TEAC) radical-scavenging assays. Ionic ferrous iron (Fe2+) and ferric iron (Fe3+) were measured photometrically. For qualification and quantification of reaction products, HPLC was used. Results showed that thermal processing does not necessarily lead to a decreased antioxidant activity, even if the compound concentrations decreased, as then degradation products themselves have an antioxidant activity. In all used antioxidant assays the 2:1 ratio of ascorbic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid in the presence of iron had strong synergistic effects, while the 1:2 ratio had strong antagonistic effects. The pro-oxidant iron positively influenced the antioxidant activity in combination with the used antioxidants, while ferrous iron itself interacted with common in vitro assays for total antioxidant activity. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of compounds is influenced by factors such as interaction with other molecules, temperature, and the minerals present.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Temperatura Alta , Ferro/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Rutina/química , Ácido Quínico/químicaRESUMO
Cancer is a major threat to human health worldwide, yet the clinical therapies remain unsatisfactory. In this study, we found that a Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves flavone (TLF) intervention could achieve tumor inhibition. Besides, neochlorogenic acid (NA), which had the highest absorbance peak in the HPLC profile of TLF, showed superior anti-proliferation ability over TLF, and could effectively trigger apoptosis, restrain migration, and facilitate cytoskeleton collapse, suggesting its key role in TLF's anticancer property. Molecular docking analysis suggested that NA was capable of binding with mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), and further experiments confirmed that NA upregulated the MCU level to permit excess calcium ion influx, leading to mitochondrial calcium imbalance, dysfunction, structure alteration, and ROS elevation. Moreover, tumor-bearing mice were applied to further confirm the excellent tumor inhibition ability of NA under Ca2+-abundant conditions. Therefore, this study uncovered that NA could effectively trigger robust MCU-mediated calcium overload cancer therapy, which could be utilized in novel strategies for future cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Canais de Cálcio , Cálcio , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cálcio/química , Cálcio/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Flavonas/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais , Folhas de Planta/química , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/metabolismo , Vitaceae/químicaRESUMO
Anti-inflammatory agents that are safer and more effective than the currently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are urgently needed. The dicaffeoylquinic acid (diCQA) isomer 4,5-diCQA exhibits antioxidant activity and various other health-promoting benefits; however, its anti-inflammatory properties require further investigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of 4,5-diCQA in vitro and in vivo using RAW264.7 cells and a carrageenan-induced inflammation model, respectively. In RAW264.7 cells, 4,5-diCQA pretreatment significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-6, without inducing cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of 4,5-diCQA were mediated by the suppression of nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Oral administration of 4,5-diCQA at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of the body weight suppressed carrageenan-induced edema and the expression of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results suggest that 4,5-diCQA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing activation of the nuclear factor-κB and MAPK pathways in vitro and reducing carrageenan-induced edema in vivo. Therefore, 4,5-diCQA shows potential as a natural alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/uso terapêutico , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The African pumpkin (Momordica balsamina) contains bioactive phenolic compounds that may assist in reducing oxidative stress in the human body. The leaves are mainly consumed after boiling in water for a specific time; this hydrothermal process and conditions of the gastrointestinal tract may affect the presence and bioactivity of phenolics either positively or negatively. In this study, the effects of hydrothermal processing (boiling) and in vitro simulated human digestion on the phenolic composition, bioaccessibility and bioactivity in African pumpkin were investigated in comparison with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). A high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection, quadrupole time-of-flight and mass spectrometer (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS) was used to profile phenolic metabolites. Metabolites such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were highly concentrated in the boiled vegetable extracts compared to the raw undigested and all digested samples. The majority of African pumpkin and spinach extracts (non-digested and digested) protected Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), (mouse fibroblast) L929 and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells from 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage. From these results, the consumption of boiled African pumpkin leaves, as well as spinach, could be encouraged, as bioactive metabolites present may reduce oxidative stress in the body.
Assuntos
Cucurbita/química , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Momordica/química , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Spinacia oleracea/química , Verduras/químicaRESUMO
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the content of biologically active compounds during the fermentation and aging of natural meads with the addition of three Cornelian cherry juices from three cultivars: 'Koralovyi', 'Podolski' and 'Yantarnyi', in the amount of 10% v/v. After the fermentation process the content of gallic and ellagic acids significantly increased, in relation to wort. Whereas the greatest losses were observed among unstable anthocyanins. The three-month aging process also reduced the content of the analyzed compounds except for ellagic acid, the content of which increased by up to 90%. The content of biologically active compounds, including iridoids and antioxidant phenolics, are constantly changing in the process of fermentation and aging of fruit meads. The studies proved that the addition of Cornelian cherry juice allows significantly enriched classic meads with new biologically active compounds, such as: exceptional iridoids (loganic acid, cornuside, loganine, sweroside), flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins.
Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Tecnologia de Alimentos/métodos , Mel/análise , Iridoides/química , Fenóis/química , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biossíntese , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/classificação , Antocianinas/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/classificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Elágico/química , Ácido Elágico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Elágico/metabolismo , Fermentação , Flavonóis/química , Flavonóis/classificação , Flavonóis/isolamento & purificação , Flavonóis/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Gálico/metabolismo , Humanos , Iridoides/classificação , Iridoides/isolamento & purificação , Iridoides/metabolismo , Fenóis/classificação , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/metabolismo , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Prunus avium/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Quínico/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Caffeoylquinic acids, as plant-derived polyphenols, exhibit multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, only limited information about their effect on longevity is available. In the current study, molecular docking was employed to explore the interactions between six representative caffeoylquinic acids and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGFR), which is an important target protein for longevity. The results indicated that all six compounds were embedded well in the active pocket of IGFR, and that 3,5-diCQA exhibited the strongest affinity to IGFR. Moreover, ASP1153, GLU1080, ASP1086, and ARG1003 were the key amino acid residues during the interaction of these 6 compounds with IGFR. Furthermore, the lifespan extension effect of caffeoylquinic acids was evaluated in a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. The results revealed that all the caffeoylquinic acids significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type worms, of which 3,5-diCQA was the most potent compound. Meanwhile, 3,5-diCQA enhanced the healthspan by increasing the body bending and pharyngeal pumping rates and reducing the intestinal lipofuscin level. Further studies demonstrated that 3,5-diCQA induced longevity effects by downregulating the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway. This study suggested that the combination of molecular docking and genetic analysis of specific worm mutants could be a promising strategy to reveal the anti-aging mechanisms of small molecule natural compounds.
Assuntos
Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Cinamatos/química , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Insulina/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/metabolismo , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/química , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/antagonistas & inibidores , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMO
In this study, the inhibitory activities of eight caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) against xanthine oxidase (XOD) in vitro were investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between each compound and XOD were studied. HPLC and fluorescence spectra showed that the inhibitory activities of dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) were higher than that of monocaffeoylquinic acids (monoCQAs), due to the main roles of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond between XOD and diCQAs. Both the binding constant and the lowest binding energy data indicated that the affinities of diCQAs to XOD were stronger than that of monoCQAs. Circular dichroism showed that the structure of XOD was compacted with the increased of α-helix content, resulting in decreased enzyme catalytic activity. Molecular docking revealed that CQAs preferentially bind to the flavin adenine dinucleotide region in XOD. These results provided the mechanisms of CQAs on inhibiting XOD and the further utilization of CQAs as XOD inhibitors to prevent hyperuricemia.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , Xantina Oxidase/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Moleculares , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.