RESUMO
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen barreras para la atención y permanencia de las mujeres en los tratamientos por consumos problemáticos. Se relacionan con los espacios y el diseño de programas donde no se tienen en cuenta las necesidades específicas para un trabajo con enfoque de género. El objetivo fue explorar las intervenciones que funcionan como facilitadoras para alojar y escuchar a las mujeres a partir de la experiencia de un grupo de ellas en el marco de un tratamiento por consumo problemático de sustancias. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño mixto, tomando como referencia empírica la implementación de un grupo de mujeres. Se trabajó con una muestra de 33 mujeres de la población de 79 pacientes atendidas en un dispositivo ambulatorio para el tratamiento de consumos problemáticos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre julio de 2020 y julio de 2022. RESULTADOS: Los datos relevados describen un aumento en la población de mujeres desde la creación del grupo, mientras que el análisis de las experiencias permite distinguir cuatro categorías de intervenciones: las que vinculan los consumos con el rol social de las mujeres; las destinadas a mejorar el apoyo mutuo entre las compañeras; las que permiten construir un espacio de apertura para el trabajo de situaciones de violencia; y las que nacen de la creación del grupo de mujeres para trabajar la accesibilidad. DISCUSIÓN: El presente trabajo refleja la importancia de abordar la perspectiva de género al interior de los tratamientos de un modo transversal.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There are barriers for women's care and staying in treatment for problematic drug use. They are related to spaces and design of programs that do not consider the specific needs for gender perspective work. The objective was to explore the interventions that work as facilitators to support and listen to women, based on the experience of a group of women in the context of a treatment for problematic substance use. METHODS: A mixed design was used, taking as empirical reference the implementation of a women's group. The study worked with a sample of 33 women from a population of 79 patients in an outpatient facility for the treatment of problematic substance use in the city of Buenos Aires from July 2020 to July 2022. RESULTS: The collected data show an increase in the population of women since the creation of the group, while the analysis of the experiences allows to distinguish four categories of interventions: the ones that link drug use with women's social role; the ones aimed at improving mutual support among partners; the ones that allow building a space of openness to tackle situations of violence; and the ones arising from the creation of a women's group to work on accessibility. DISCUSSION: This work reflects the importance of addressing gender perspective in the treatment in a cross-sectional way.
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Cerca de metade dos pacientes em salas de espera na Atenção Primária à Saúde, possui algum tipo de transtorno mental. Diante disto, são imprescindiveis as ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado em saúde mental, atuando de forma intersetorial. Analisar a implementação e desenvolvimento dos grupos de convivência. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo da estruturação dos grupos de convivência e artesanato em unidades da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se a metodologia SWOT/FOFA para análise dos dados. Estruturaram-se cinco grupos, atendendo em média 170 mulheres; cerca de 25% delas se dedicou à profissionalização. Verificou-se melhora da autoestima, empoderamento, redução da ansiedade e depressão e maior reconhecimento de suas capacidades. Foram identificados dois níveis de efeitos dos grupos: suporte social e resgate da autoestima, centrados nas atividades na Unidade de Saúde, e geração de renda, com ações externas.
About half of patients in waiting rooms in Primary Health Care have some type of mental disorder. Faced with this, the actions of promotion, prevention and care in mental health are essential, acting in an intersectoral way. To analyze the implementation and development of social groups. This is a qualitative analysis of the structuring of community handcraft groups in Family Health Strategy units. The SWOT / FOFA methodology was used for data analysis. Five groups were structured, attending an average of 170 women, about 25% of them dedicated to professionalization. There was improvement in self-esteem, empowerment, reduction of anxiety and depression, greater recognition of their abilities and achievements. Two types of effects from the groups were identified: social support and self-esteem recovery, centered in activities inside the Health Unit, and income generation, with external actions.
Cerca de mitad de los pacientes en servicios de Atención Primaria a la Salud, tiene trastorno mental. Ante esto, son imprescindibles las acciones de promoción, prevención y cuidado en salud mental, actuando de forma intersectorial. Analizar la implementación y el desarrollo de grupos de convivencia e artesania. Estudio cualitativo de la estructuración de los grupos de convivencia en unidades de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia utilizando la metodología SWOT/FOFA. Se estructuraron cinco grupos, atendiendo a 170 mujeres, cerca del 25% se dedicó a la profesionalización. Se verificó mejora de la autoestima, empoderamiento, reducción de la ansiedad y depresión, reconocimiento de sus capacidades y conquistas. Se identificaron dos tipos de efeitos de los grupos: apoyo social y rescate de la autoestima, centrado en las actividadds en la Unidad de Salud, y generación de ingresos, con acciones externas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Mulheres/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Social , Brasil , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
Este artigo visa compartilhar experiências vivenciadas no Judiciário, quanto à atuação psicodramática voltada para as vítimas de violência doméstica, enquadradas na Lei Maria da Penha. A criação de vínculo favoreceu o trabalho em equipe com os operadores do Direito, auxiliando indiretamente nas intervenções. São analisados casos embasados em autores psicodramáticos, principalmente utilizando os conceitos de papel e espontaneidadecriatividade. O método psicodramático confirmou-se como recurso para trabalhar o tema na coletividade multiplicando resultados, produzindo reflexões e ampliando as discussões no Judiciário.
This article aims to share experiences in the Judicial system, regarding the psychodramatic performance focused on the victims of domestic violence, framed fell under Maria da Penha Law. Creating a bond has promoted teamwork with legal operators, which indirectly assisted in the interventions. Cases are analyzed supported by psychodramatic authors, mainly using the concepts of role and spontaneity-creativity. The psychodramatic method was confirmed as a resource to work on the theme in the collective, multiplying results, producing reflections and broadening the discussions in the Judicial system.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo compartir experiencias en el Judiciario, en relación com desempeño psicodramático centrado en las víctimas de violencia doméstica, que están bajo la Ley Maria da Penha. La creación de vínculo promovió el trabajo en equipo con los operadores del Derecho, lo que indirectamente ayudó en las intervenciones. Se analizan casos con el apoyo de autores psicodramáticos, principalmente utilizando los conceptos de rol y espontaneidadcreatividad. El método psicodramático se confirmó como un recurso para trabajar el tema el colectivo, multiplicando los resultados, produciendo reflexiones y ampliando las discusiones en el sistema judicial.
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Abstract Objective: To analyze the perception of pediatric guidelines by mothers at the time of consultation in private offices, in order to know how they assimilate, process and use the information received from the pediatricians. Methods: Data collection was carried out by a questionnaire sent to participants by a total of 200 mothers from a virtual community in social networks participated in the research. The answers were transcribed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. The analyses were supported by the research qualitative perspective, from the viewpoint of the social representation theory. Results: Three categories were obtained through data analysis: (1) assessing the pediatric guidelines, (2) confronting theory and practice and (3) developing a critical view of the pediatric guidelines. These categories have elucidated that the level of knowledge of pediatric issues by mothers and their ability to use them when making decisions about the care of their babies, have a direct association between following or not the pediatric guidelines. Conclusions: The mother's decision on following the pediatrician's recommendations depends on two main factors: (a) certification of the updated and proven recommendations, according to the official health agencies; (b) support and recognition by the pediatrician of the maternal empowerment during the follow-up process. The mothers' practice of accessing knowledge through social networks hinders the pediatric monitoring.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a percepção das orientações pediátricas pelas mães na ocasião do atendimento em consultórios particulares, para conhecer de que maneira assimilam, processam e usam as informações recebidas de seu pediatra. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi feita por questionário enviado às participantes. Participaram da pesquisa 200 mães de uma comunidade virtual nas redes sociais. As respostas foram transcritas por meio do método do discurso do sujeito coletivo. As análises foram respaldadas na perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa, sob a ótica da teoria das representações sociais. Resultados: Obtiveram-se três categorias por meio da análise de dados: (1) avaliação das orientações pediátricas, (2) confronto da teoria e prática e (3) desenvolvimento de um olhar crítico acerca das orientações pediátricas. Tais categorias elucidaram que o nível de conhecimento de temas pediátricos por parte das mães e a sua capacidade de usá-los na tomada de decisões sobre os cuidados dos seus bebês apresentam uma relação direta entre seguir ou não as orientações pediátricas. Conclusões: A decisão das mães quanto a seguir as recomendações do pediatra depende de dois fatores principais: (a) certificação das recomendações atualizadas e comprovadas, de acordo com os órgãos oficiais de saúde; (b) apoio e reconhecimento por parte do pediatra do papel materno durante o processo de acompanhamento. A prática do acesso ao conhecimento das mães por meio de redes sociais dificulta o acompanhamento pediátrico.
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Humanos , Criança , Pediatria , Relações Profissional-Família , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Mães/psicologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , AutorrelatoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perception of pediatric guidelines by mothers at the time of consultation in private offices, in order to know how they assimilate, process and use the information received from the pediatricians. METHODS: Data collection was carried out by a questionnaire sent to participants by A total of 200 mothers from a virtual community in social networks participated in the research. The answers were transcribed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. The analyses were supported by the research qualitative perspective, from the viewpoint of the social representation theory. RESULTS: Three categories were obtained through data analysis: (1) assessing the pediatric guidelines (2) confronting theory and practice and (3) developing a critical view of the pediatric guidelines. These categories have elucidated that the level of knowledge of pediatric issues by mothers and their ability to use them when making decisions about the care of their babies, have a direct association between following or not the pediatric guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The mother's decision on following the pediatrician's recommendations depends on two main factors: (a) certification of the updated and proven recommendations, according to the official health agencies; (b) support and recognition by the pediatrician of the maternal empowerment during the follow-up process. The mothers' practice of accessing knowledge through social networks hinders the pediatric monitoring.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Mães/psicologia , Pediatria , Relações Profissional-Família , Criança , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , AutorrelatoRESUMO
This study assessed the utility and limitations of anal cytology as a screening method for women infected with human papilloma virus (HPV) in the lower genital tract. Furthermore, this study aimed to establish risk factors for pathological anal cytology/biopsy findings, the prevalence of anatomopathological lesions associated with positive anal brushings, and the frequency of concomitant lesions of the lower genital tract. A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study in 207 women with HPV-associated lesions of the lower genital tract and 25 women with immunosuppression was carried out. Anal cytology, high resolution anoscopy, and biopsy of suspicious lesions were performed. In total, 232 anal brushings were performed: 184 (79.3%) were negative, 24 (10.34%) showed atypical squamous cells of undeterminated significance, 18 (7.7%) showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 6 (2.6%) showed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cytohistological correlation was obtained for 70 cases. The sensitivity of anal cytology in detecting intraepithelial lesions was 70%, whereas the specificity was 93%. The sensitivity of the method for detecting high-grade lesions (84%) was higher, than that for detecting low-grade lesions (66%). The most frequently associated pathology was vulvar lesion. It is important to perform anal brushings in women who have had lower genital tract biopsies for HPV-associated lesions due to the high prevalence of anal lesions in such patients. Anal cytology is useful for detecting high-grade lesions but the sensitivity for detecting low-grade lesions is low. It is of the utmost importance to perform high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy in women with suspicious lesions in order to confirm the pathology.