RESUMO
El escorbuto es una enfermedad producida por déficit de vitamina C. Aunque es poco frecuente, en los últimos años observamos un incremento de casos en niños con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Sus manifestaciones son variadas, ya que esta vitamina actúa como cofactor en numerosos procesos, como la síntesis de colágeno. Las manifestaciones cutáneas características son las petequias, equimosis e hiperqueratosis. El compromiso mucoso se manifiesta como gingivitis con hipertrofia, hemorragias y pérdida de piezas dentarias. El diagnóstico es clínico y puede confirmarse mediante la determinación de la vitamina C plasmática. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticados en los últimos años, manifestaciones clínicas y hallazgos en relación con su conducta alimentaria y trastornos del neurodesarrollo.
Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Although rare, in recent years, the number of scurvy cases in children with eating disorders has increased. Its manifestations are varied because vitamin C is a cofactor in numerous processes, such as collagen synthesis. The typical skin manifestations include petechiae, bruising, and hyperkeratosis. Mucosal involvement manifests as gingivitis with hypertrophy, bleeding, and loss of teeth. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and may be confirmed by measuring plasma vitamin C levels. The objective of this study was to describe a cohort of patients diagnosed with scurvy in recent years, its clinical manifestations, and findings in relation to their eating behavior and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Escorbuto/complicações , Escorbuto/etiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/complicações , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etiologia , Preferências AlimentaresRESUMO
Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism and has gained popularity since the general population is now more aware of its benefits. Unfortunately, the availability of unregulated vitamin D formulations without prescription increases the risk of inadvertently ingesting excessive doses of vitamin D. Reports of pediatric cases of vitamin D toxicity are scarce in the world literature. We present the case of a 4-years 9-months old boy from a rural town with vitamin D intoxication secondary to ingestion of seven oral vials containing each of them 600,000 Units of cholecalciferol for a period of 8 months. It is important to educate general population about the risks of ingesting vitamin D without medical prescription. In our patient, the most effective treatment strategy was the use of pamidronate.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between serum levels and food intake of Vitamin D (VD) among healthy women in mid-pregnancy and preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: In a Brazilian multicentre cohort of healthy nulliparous pregnant women from five maternity centres we developed a nested case-control analysis comparing cases with and without preeclampsia. Women were enrolled and followed during prenatal care, including only singleton pregnancies, without any fetal malformations or previous chronic maternal disease. We matched 87 cases of preeclampsia to eligible controls randomly selected in a 1:1 ratio, by age and region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood samples from these were collected, and a 24-hour recall of food intake was obtained in mid-pregnancy, between 19 and 21 weeks. VD serum levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and were categorized as deficient, insufficient, and sufficient. The dietary intake of VD was estimated with the 24-hour diet recall applied at the same time and from supplementation. Maternal characteristics and VD levels were compared between cases and controls with OR and respective 95 %CI. Multivariate analysis using the Path method was used to assess relationships among VD, PE, BMI, skin colour/ethnicity, and diet. RESULTS: The maternal characteristics of both groups were similar, except for the higher occurrence of obesity among women with preeclampsia (OR 3.47, 95 %CI 1.48-8.65). Dietary intake of VD was similar in both groups, and most of the women in both groups consumed insufficient VD (82.2 vs 79.3 % in the groups with and without PE). CONCLUSIONS: Levels and dietary intake of VD were not associated with PE in this Brazilian sample of healthy pregnant women; however, BMI and skin colour/ethnicity were associated with PE.
Assuntos
Pré-Eclâmpsia , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Vitamina D , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Most patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) do not exhibit violent behaviors and are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of violent acts. However, a subgroup of forensic detainees with SCZ exhibit tendencies to engage in criminal violations. Although numerous models have been proposed, ranging from substance use, serotonin transporter gene, and cognitive dysfunction, the molecular underpinnings of violence in SCZ patients remains elusive. Lithium and clozapine have established anti-aggression properties and recent studies have linked low cholesterol levels and ultraviolet (UV) radiation with human aggression, while vitamin D3 reduces violent behaviors. A recent study found that vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, and zinc lower aggression in forensic population. In this review article, we take a closer look at aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the dysfunctional lipidome in neuronal membranes, with emphasis on cholesterol and vitamin D3 depletion, as sources of aggressive behavior. We also discuss modalities to increase the fluidity of neuronal double layer via membrane lipid replacement (MLR) and natural or synthetic compounds. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Personality Disorders".
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Colesterol/metabolismo , Animais , Colecalciferol/metabolismo , Agressão/fisiologia , Agressão/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introduction: Globally, up to 76.6% of the population may be affected by vitamin D (VD) deficiency, which has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. This underscores the importance of further research into VD supplementation, particularly for health care workers, who are at higher risk due to indoor work environments and dietary challenges associated with shift schedules. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with VD deficiency in Mexican health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 2020 to January 2021 among frontline health care workers treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Blood samples were collected to measure 25-hydroxy VD levels via radioimmunoassay. We also assessed previous COVID-19 infection and comorbidities that could influence VD levels. Results: The study included 468 health care workers. The median serum VD concentration was 16.6 ng/mL. VD deficiency was found in 69.4% (n = 325) of participants, while only 5.1% (n = 24) had normal levels. Those with type 2 diabetes (13.3 ng/mL vs. 17.1 ng/mL) or obesity (15.7 ng/mL vs. 17.1 ng/mL) had significantly lower VD levels than their counterparts (p < 0.001 and p = 0.049, respectively). No significant differences were found among participants with high blood pressure. Multivariate analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes was independently associated with VD deficiency. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of VD deficiency among health care workers, which is potentially linked to both personal health factors and occupational conditions.
RESUMO
Epilepsy is the chronic non-communicable disease of the nervous system most prevalent in the world. Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of epilepsy but with various side effects. One of the organs that can be affected is the testis, where it has been seen that men treated with VPA reduce their fertility rates, in addition to causing endocrine disorders by decreasing androgens and gonadotropins. In animal models, it has been shown to reduce the weights of the glands attached to the male reproductive tract, as well as at the testicular level, decreasing sperm concentration and increasing apoptotic cell count. These effects are because VPA increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing damage to macromolecules and affecting all cellular processes sensitive to oxide reduction. Throughout testicular development, in utero, it has been seen that the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, are lower during early embryonic development, as well as vitamin E (VE) is decreased. Therefore, they are not sufficient to reverse the toxic effects of ROS. The objective of this study was to review the use of VPA during pregnancy, its effect on testicular development, and to explore the potential protective role of vitamin E.
La epilepsia es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible que afecta al sistema nervioso más prevalente en el mundo. Dentro de los tratamientos, uno de los fármacos más utilizados es el ácido valproico (AVP), el que ocasiona diversos efectos secundarios. Entre los órganos que se pueden ver afectados se encuentra la gónada masculina, en donde se ha visto que hombres en tratamiento con AVP reducen sus tasas de fecundidad, además de causar trastornos endocrinos disminuyendo andrógenos y gonadotrofinas. En modelos animales, se ha visto que disminuye los pesos de las glándulas anexas al tracto reproductor masculino, como también a nivel testicular, disminuyendo la concentración espermática y aumentando el recuento de células apoptóticas. Estos efectos se deberían a que el AVP aumenta las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), ocasionando daño en macromoléculas, afectando todos los procesos celulares sensibles a óxido reducción. A lo largo del desarrollo testicular, in utero se ha visto que la expresión de enzimas antioxidantes como superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa, son más bajos durante el desarrollo embrionario temprano, como también la vitamina E (VE) se encuentra disminuida. Por tanto, no resultan suficientes para revertir los efectos tóxicos de las ROS. El objetivo de esta revisión fue asociar el uso de AVP durante la gestación y sus efectos a nivel del desarrollo testicular y describir el potencial rol protector de la VE.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Ácido Valproico/efeitos adversos , Teratogênicos , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Valproico/toxicidade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency in children and adolescents, in a large Brazilian sample. Methodology: Results of 413,988 25(OH)D measurements in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years collected between 01/2014 and 10/2018 were obtained from the database of a Clinical Laboratory. In this population, 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations below 20 ng/mL are considered deficient, and below 12 ng/mL as severe deficiency. All measurements were performed by immunoassay and the results were distributed by gender, age group, seasonality, and latitude. Results: The mean of 25(OH)D levels was 29.2 ng/mL with a standard deviation of 9.2 ng/mL. Of the total samples, 0.8% had a concentration < 12 ng/mL, and 12.5% of the samples had a concentration < 20 ng/mL, with a higher prevalence in females. Children under 2 years of age had the lowest prevalence. The effects of latitude and seasonality were quite evident. In samples of female adolescents from the southern region in winter, 36% of vitamin D deficiency and 5% of severe deficiency were found. Conclusion: In this large number of measurements of 25(OH)D in children and adolescents, 12.5% had a deficiency and 0.8% had severe deficiency. A greater deficiency was observed among adolescents, especially females, which raises questions about the need for supplementation during this period of life.
RESUMO
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency. We hypothesized that the increase in serum VitD concentrations after supplementation would significantly reduce the concentrations of inflammatory markers. The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized placebo-controlled studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 504 participants and daily (1000-7000 international units) or bolus (100,000-200,000 international units) doses of VitD lasting from 2 to 26 weeks. The VitD supplementation did not influence C-reactive protein (mean difference [MD]: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.37, 0.39; P = .97), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.34; 95% CI -1.09, 0.42; P = .38), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.23, 0.19; P = .85). In the analysis considering the studies with a significant increase in serum VitD concentrations, VitD supplementation also did not influence C-reactive protein (MD: -0.17; 95% CI -0.88, 0.54; P = .64), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.47; 95% CI -1.31, 0.37; P = .27), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: 0.01; 95% CI -1.34, 1.37; P = .98). This meta-analysis suggests that VitD supplementation does not significantly alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Inflamação , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Inflamação/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in plant stress tolerance, as well as in increasing post-harvest quality, has been extensively demonstrated in several fruits and vegetable crops; however, the effects of its pre-harvest application on post-harvest quality are still poorly documented. Therefore, the pre-harvest application of NO in red beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) plants cultivated under well-watered and drought conditions was evaluated to assess whether it improves the post-harvest quality of their storage roots. Red beet plants cultivated under well-watered (80% of water holding capacity) or drought condition (15% of water holding capacity) were sprayed weekly with water (control) or 100 µmol L-1 sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. Sixty-six days after sowing, red beet roots were harvested, and root yield, total sugar yield, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, proteins, lipids, root ashes, root moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, total phenolics, total betalains, betacyanins, betaxanthins and antioxidant capacity were determined. RESULTS: While drought led to a reduction in root yield, sugars, lipids and titratable acidity, it increased phenolic compounds, betalains and the antioxidant capacity of beets. SNP reversed the negative effects of drought on sugar, lipid and organic acid contents and increased antioxidant capacity independent of stress. CONCLUSION: Pre-harvest SNP treatment reversed drought-induced yield reductions in beets, while boosting bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. It also enhanced vitamin C content independently, indicating its dual role in stress mitigation and beet quality improvement. Future research should explore other crops and stress conditions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
RESUMO
Depression and anxiety disorders, prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions that frequently coexist, limit psychosocial functioning and, consequently, the individual's quality of life. Since the pharmacological treatment of these disorders has several limitations, the search for effective and secure antidepressant and anxiolytic compounds is welcome. Vitamin D has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective, antidepressant, and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to explore new molecular targets of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, through integrated bioinformatic analysis. Calcitriol targets were predicted in SwissTargetPrediction server (2019 version). The disease targets were collected by the GeneCards database searching the keywords "depression" and "anxiety". Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the intersections of targets. Network analyses were carried out using GeneMania server (2023 version) and Cytoscape (V. 3.9.1.) software. Molecular docking predicted the main targets of the network and Ligplot predicted the main intermolecular interactions. Our study showed that calcitriol may interact with multiple targets. The main targets found are the vitamin D receptor (VDR), histamine H3 receptor (H3R), endocannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), nuclear receptor NR1H3, patched-1 (PTCH1) protein, opioid receptor NOP, and phosphodiesterase enzymes PDE3A and PDE5A. Considering the role of these targets in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety, our findings suggest novel putative mechanisms of action of vitamin D as well as new promising molecular targets whose role in these disorders deserves further investigation.
RESUMO
SARS-CoV-2 is an obligatory intracellular pathogen that requires a lipid bilayer membrane for its transport to build its nucleocapsid envelope and fuse with the host cell. The biological membranes are constituted by phospholipids (PLs), and vitamin E (Vit E) protects them from oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study was to demonstrate if treatment with Vit E restores the modified profile of the FA in PLs in serum from patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We evaluated Vit E, total fatty acids (TFAs), fatty acids of the phospholipids (FAPLs), total phospholipids (TPLs), 8-isoprostane, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandins (PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum from 22 COVID-19 patients before and after treatment with Vit E and compared the values with those from 23 healthy subjects (HSs). COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in Vit E, TPLs, FAPLs, and TFAs in serum in comparison to HSs (p ≤ 0.01), and Vit E treatment restored their levels (p ≤ 0.04). Likewise, there was an increase in IL-6 and CRP in COVID-19 patients in comparison with HSs (p ≤ 0.001), and treatment with Vit E decreased their levels (p ≤ 0.001). Treatment with Vit E as monotherapy can contribute to restoring the modified FA profile of the PLs in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this leads to a decrease in lipid peroxidation, OS, and the inflammatory process.
RESUMO
Vitamin A (VA) has many functions in the body, some of which are key for the development and functioning of the nervous system, while some others might indirectly influence neural function. Both hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis A can lead to clinical manifestations of concern for individuals and for general global health. Scientific evidence on the link between VA and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing, with some clinical studies and accumulating results obtained from basic research using cellular and animal models. Remarkably, it has been shown that VA deficiency can exacerbate autistic symptomatology. In turn, VA supplementation has been shown to be able to improve autistic symptomatology in selected groups of individuals with ASD. However, it is important to recognize that ASD is a highly heterogeneous condition. Therefore, it is important to clarify how and when VA supplementation can be of benefit for affected individuals. Here we delve into the relationship between VA and ASD, discussing clinical observations and mechanistic insights obtained from research on selected autistic syndromes and laboratory models to advance in defining how the VA signaling pathway can be exploited for treatment of ASD.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Vitamina A , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/metabolismo , Humanos , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Animais , Deficiência de Vitamina A/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina A/metabolismo , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative process, also considered a metabolic condition due to alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways in the brain, which share similarities with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine (BFT), a vitamin B1 analog, in the early stages of the neurodegenerative process in a sporadic model of Alzheimer's-like disease induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Supplementation with 150 mg/kg of BFT for 7 days reversed the cognitive impairment in short- and long-term memories caused by STZ in rodents. We attribute these effects to BFT's ability to modulate glucose transporters type 1 and 3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3) in the hippocampus, inhibit GSK3 activity in the hippocampus, and modulate the insulin signaling in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, as well as reduce the activation of apoptotic pathways (BAX) in the hippocampus. Therefore, BFT emerges as a promising and accessible intervention in the initial treatment of conditions similar to AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo , Insulina , Transdução de Sinais , Estreptozocina , Tiamina , Animais , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Tiamina/farmacologia , Tiamina/análogos & derivados , Tiamina/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Plasma 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels appear reduced in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes, as reported in several observational studies. However, the association between these reduced hormone levels and metabolic parameters is unclear. In any case, vitamin D supplementation in patients with Metabolic Syndrome is standard. Still, the impacts of this supplementation on conditions such as glycemia, blood pressure, and lipidemia are debatable. Based on this question, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in Brazil, Europe, and the United States that analyzed the effects of vitamin D supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome parameters in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Our search yielded 519 articles and included 12 randomized controlled trials in the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on any of the outcomes analyzed (fasting blood glucose and insulinemia, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and triglycerides). However, subgroup analyses indicated that using vitamin D up to 2000 IU daily reduced participants' fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Furthermore, the intervention reduced diastolic blood pressure only in participants with vitamin D deficiency. At least two studies showed a high risk of bias using the Rob2 protocol. According to the GRADE protocol, the evidence quality varied from moderate to very low. These results indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not improve patients' metabolic parameters and that the association between plasma 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and Metabolic Syndrome may not be causal but caused by other confounding characteristics. However, in any case, the quality of evidence is still low, and more randomized clinical trials are essential to clarify these relationships.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndrome Metabólica , Obesidade , Vitamina D , Humanos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Europa (Continente) , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The new corona virus infection, has a wide range of clinical manifestations. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms. The olfactory function may be also affected with COVID-19. In this randomized clinical trial, we wanted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of olfactory training with and without oral vitamin A for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Patients answered to the standard Persian version of anosmia reporting tool and performed the quick smell test before and after 12 weeks and at the end of the 12 months follow up. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups; Group A treatment with olfactory training, Group B treatment with oral vitamin A and olfactory training, and Group C as control group which only underwent nasal irrigation twice a day. Patients were treated for 3 months and followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were included in three groups. After interventions, 76.9% of patients in Group A, 86.7% of patients in Group B, and 26.7% of patients in Group C completely improved. The average intervention time was statistically significant in relationship with the final olfactory status of the patients in the 12 months follow-up. The olfactory training has significantly improved the smell alteration at the end of 3- and 12- months follow-up in A and B groups. CONCLUSION: A three-months olfactory training is effective for improvement of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Adding daily oral vitamin A to olfactory training did not lead to better results in improving olfactory dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Step 2 (Level 2*): Randomized trial.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos do Olfato , Vitamina A , Humanos , Vitamina A/uso terapêutico , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Treinamento OlfativoRESUMO
The objective of this work was to prepare and characterize liposomes containing co-encapsulated ascorbic acid (AA) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP), as well as to evaluate their stability, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. Through the pre-formulation studies, it was possible to improve the formulation, as leaving it more stable and with a greater antioxidant activity, resulting in a formulation designated LIP-AAP, with 161 nm vesicle size, 0.215 polydispersity index, -31.7 mV zeta potential, and pH of 3.34. Encapsulation efficiencies were 37% for AA and 79% for AP, and the content was 1 mg/mL for each compound. The optimized liposomes demonstrated stability under refrigeration for 60 days, significant antioxidant activity (31.4 µMol of TE/mL), and non-toxicity, but no antimicrobial effects against bacteria and fungi were observed. These findings confirm that the co-encapsulated liposomes are potent, stable antioxidants that maintain their physical and chemical properties under optimal storage conditions.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Lipossomos , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Lipossomos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Humanos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Composição de MedicamentosRESUMO
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that impairs communication, socialization, and behavior. The association of ASD with folic acid has been investigated due to the importance of this vitamin for neurological health. This study is an update of the publication 'Folic acid and autism: What do we know?' and aims to systematically review studies examining the relationship between folic acid and ASD. The search resulted in 2,389 studies on folic acid and ASD, which were selected by two reviewers based on their titles and abstracts. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were fully read. The 52 included studies involved 10,429 individuals diagnosed with ASD and assessed the intake of vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin B12; serum levels of these vitamins, homocysteine, and methionine; therapeutic interventions using folic acid; and the association between maternal exposure to this vitamin and the risk of ASD. The evidence of insufficient folic acid intake in most individuals with ASD remains consistent in this update. No association was found between maternal exposure to folic acid and the risk of ASD in their children. Despite observed improvements in communication, socialization, and behavior in individuals with ASD following folic acid interventions, it is crucial to consider the individuality and complexity of ASD. Given the relevance of the topic, there remains a need for more high-quality research and clinical trials characterized by rigorous methodological designs.
RESUMO
Skin pigmentation is negatively associated with circulating vitamin D (VD) concentration. Therefore, genetic factors involved in skin pigmentation could influence the risk of vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We evaluated the impact genetic variants related to skin pigmentation on VD in Mexican population. This cross-sectional analysis included 848 individuals from the Health Worker Cohort Study (ratio males to females ~ 1:3). Eight genetic variants: rs16891982 (SLC45A2), rs12203592 (IRF4), rs1042602 and rs1126809 (TYR), rs1800404 (OCA2), rs12913832 (HERC2), rs1426654 (SLC24A5), and rs2240751 (MFSD12); involved in skin pigmentation were genotyped. Skin pigmentation was assessed by self-report. Linear and logistic regression were used to assess the association between the variants of interest and VD and VDD, as appropriate. In our study, eight genetic variants were associated with skin pigmentation. A genetic risk score built with the variants rs1426654 and rs224075 was associated with lower VD levels (ß = - 1.38, 95% CI - 2.59, - 0.17, p = 0.025). Nevertheless, when examining gene-gene interactions, we observed that rs2240751 × rs12203592 were associated with VD levels (P interaction = 0.021). Whereas rs2240751 × rs12913832 (P interaction = 0.0001) were associated with VDD. Our results suggest that skin pigmentation-related gene variants are associated with lower VD levels in Mexican population. These results underscore the importance of considering genetic interactions when assessing the impact of genetic polymorphisms on VD levels.
Assuntos
Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Pigmentação da Pele , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , México , Pigmentação da Pele/genética , Deficiência de Vitamina D/genética , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Predisposição Genética para DoençaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effects of meat biofortified with antioxidants and canola oil on the health of older adults through blood parameters. Eighty institutionalized older persons were divided into four groups who received the following treatments: C-control meat with 46 µg/kg of meat with selenium, 3.80 g/kg of meat with vitamin E and 0.78 g/100 g of meat with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA); A-antioxidant meat with 422 µg/kg of meat with selenium, 7.65 g/kg of meat with vitamin E and 0.85 g/100 g of meat with CLA; O-oil meat with 57 µg/kg of meat with selenium, 3.98 g/kg of meat with vitamin E and 1.27 g/100 g of meat with CLA; OA-oil and antioxidant meat with 367 µg/kg of meat with selenium, 7.78 g/kg of meat with vitamin E and 1.08 g/100 g of meat with CLA. Blood samples were collected at 0, 45 and 90 days after the start of meat intake. Older adults who consumed ANT (A and AO) meat had higher concentrations of selenium (p = 0.039), vitamin E and HDL (higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, p = 0.048) in their blood. This study demonstrates that the consumption of Se- and vitamin E-biofortified meat increases the concentration of these metabolites in blood from older adults.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Alimentos Fortificados , Carne Vermelha , Selênio , Vitamina E , Humanos , Masculino , Selênio/sangue , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Feminino , Vitamina E/sangue , Antioxidantes/análise , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Óleo de Brassica napus , Animais , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/sangue , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , BiofortificaçãoRESUMO
Oxidative stress may affect new born calves due to high stress suffered around birth. We hypothesized that maternal supplementation with micronutrients and vitamins in late gestation enhance the neonatal calf's antioxidant system, decreasing the occurrence and duration of diarrhea, and improving growth from birth through weaning. To test this hypothesis, 80 multiparous cows were cluster-assigned to treatment groups. Treated group (TG) cows received mineral and vitamin supplementation while control group (CG) cows received saline solution. Feed intake and fecal score were measured daily until the ninth week. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly, and blood samples were collected from postpartum cows and calves after birth and at 7, 14, and 63 days of life. Although CG calves had greater fecal scores (p = 0.01), diarrhea characteristics did not differ. Calves in the TG showed greater starter intake (p = 0.04). Feed efficiency showed a trend with treatment-age interaction (p = 0.06). Calves in the CG had wider hips in the first week (p = 0.03), but not by the ninth week. Total antioxidant status, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and haptoglobin did not differ between treatment groups. Serum metabolites showed no differences. Supplementation did not impact calf antioxidant system or growth in the first two months.