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Jornal na sua 9ª edição (setembro 2024) com a análise e elaboração de conteúdo pela gerência de IST/AIDS e gerência de Hepatites Virais - SES- RJ.

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Resumo Este estudo analisa as histórias de vida de oito jovens vivendo com HIV por transmissão vertical, visando compreender suas percepções marcadas pelo segredo e silêncio sobre suas vivências com o vírus. Realizado em ambulatório especializado no Rio de Janeiro, o estudo adotou como ferramenta de cuidado a dança circular, considerada uma Prática Integrativa e Complementar em Saúde. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa e a História de Vida como método de coleta, o foco foi compreender as experiências dos jovens, não apenas relacionadas à doença, mas também a aspectos cruciais de suas vidas. Participaram do estudo três meninas e cinco meninos, todos cientes de seu diagnóstico. Os principais temas emergentes incluíram dinâmica familiar, conexão com o ambiente escolar, desafios na adesão ao tratamento, idade no momento da revelação do diagnóstico e tempo decorrido desde então. A análise das narrativas desses jovens, permitiu explorar aspectos individuais e sociais da experiência, revelando similaridades e diferenças entre eles. As oficinas de dança circular ofereceram um espaço lúdico para a expressão de emoções e sentimentos por meio dos movimentos corporais, ampliando as perspectivas dos jovens em relação ao futuro.

Abstract This study analyzes the life stories of eight young people living with vertically transmitted HIV in order to understand their perceptions marked by secrecy and silence regarding their experiences with the virus. Conducted at a specialized outpatient clinic in Rio de Janeiro, the study adopted circle dance, a Complementary and Integrative Health Practice, as a care tool. Using a qualitative approach and Life History as a data collection method, the focus was to understand the youth's experiences related to the disease and the crucial aspects of their lives. Three girls and five boys participated in the study, all aware of their diagnosis. The principal emerging themes included family dynamics, school environment connection, challenges in treatment adherence, age at the time of diagnosis disclosure, and time elapsed since then. Analyzing these young people's narratives allowed us to explore individual and social aspects of their experiences, revealing their similarities and differences. The circle dance workshops provided a playful space for expressing emotions and feelings through body movements, expanding young people's perspectives on the future.

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Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands (PSV-CWs) are novel wastewater treatment systems that work through aerobic and anaerobic conditions that favor the removal of pollutants found in high concentrations, such as rivers contaminated with domestic wastewater and landfill leachate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of PSV-CWs using monocultures and polycultures of Typha latifolia and Heliconia psittacorum to treat river waters contaminated with leachates from open dumps and domestic wastewater. Six experimental units of PSV-CWs were used; two were planted with Typha latifolia monoculture, two with Heliconia psittacorum monoculture and two with polycultures of both plants. The results indicated better organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiencies (p < 0.05) in systems with polycultures (TSS:95%, BOD5:83%, COD:89%, TN:82% and NH4+:99%). In general, the whole system showed high average removal efficiencies (TSS:93%, BOD5:79%, COD:85%, TN:79%, NH4+:98% and TP:85%). Regarding vegetation, both species developed better in units with monocultures, being Typha latifolia the one that reached a more remarkable development. However, both species showed high resistance to the contaminated environment. These results showed higher removals than those reported in the literature with conventional Free Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands (FFV-CWs), so PSV-CWs could be a suitable option to treat this type of effluent.

The research addresses the contamination of water resources in developing countries by landfill leachate and domestic wastewater discharges. It proposes treatment through Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands (PSV-CWs), which, despite the limited information available, have been shown to be effective in removing pollutants in effluents with high concentrations. In addition to evaluating PSV-CWs, the study examines the impact of different types of vegetation on pollutant removal efficiency, concluding that PSV-CWs are a promising and viable option for the treatment of these effluents.

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<b><br>Introduction:</b> Obesity's associated comorbidities and treatment costs have risen significantly, highlighting the importance of early weight loss strategies. Bariatric surgeries like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) have been effective in promoting weight loss and improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim was to determine whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective than vertical sleeve gastrectomy in the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</br> <b><br>Methods:</b> A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. A literature search was performed in the databases Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline/Ovid. A total of 1323 results were identified; after screening, 14 articles were selected and included in the systematic review. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured by RR with a 95% CI.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> The primary outcome of T2DM remission was 15% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.15, [95% CI: 1.04-1.28]). For secondary outcomes, hypertension remission was 7% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.07, [95% CI: 1.00-1.16]). Remission of dyslipidemia was 16% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.16, [95% CI: 1.06-1.26]). BMI after surgery was in favor of RYGB (MD: -1.31, [95% CI: -1.98 to -0.64]). For weight loss, the results favored VSG (MD: 6.50, [95% CI: 4.99-8.01]). In relation to total cholesterol, they were 65% favorable for RYGB (MD: -0.35, [95% CI: -0.46 to -0.24]), with a value of p <0.05. For LDL values, our results were 69% favorable for RYGB (MD: -0.31, [95% CI: -0.45 to -0.16]), p <0.01 value.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is more effective in T2DM remission, hypertension remission, dyslipidemia remission, and weight loss compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective at lowering BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, and TG compared to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.</br>.

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In this case series, the simultaneous occurrence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and dry beriberi was reported in three patients who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) between May 2021 and May 2023. All patients were obese women who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) without immediate postoperative complications, but two weeks later, hyperemesis and subsequent encephalopathy with ocular movement abnormalities and weakness were observed over the following thirty days. Patients were referred to neurology, where due to the high suspicion of WE, thiamine replacement therapy was initiated; meanwhile, diagnostic neuroimaging and blood tests were conducted. Neurological and psychiatric evaluations and neuroconduction studies were performed to assess the clinical evolution and present sequelae. One year after diagnosis, all patients exhibited affective and behavioral sequelae, anterograde memory impairment, and executive functioning deficits. Two patients met the criteria for Korsakoff syndrome. Additionally, peripheral nervous system sequelae were observed, with all patients presenting with sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In conclusion, Wernicke's encephalopathy requires a high diagnostic suspicion for timely intervention and prevention of irreversible sequelae, which can be devastating. Therefore, raising awareness among medical professionals regarding the significance of this disease is essential.

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Background: A scale is used to establish performance ranges in different sciences, it being necessary to design specialized biological and pedagogical indicators in physical activity, sport and health. Objective: To design a scale for the pedagogical control of the vertical jumping ability in untrained adolescents (13-16 years), stratifying the sample by age range, ethnicity, urban and rural area, socioeconomic level, and gender. Methods: A representative sample of the Ecuadorian population (n = 3,705) is studied, classifying it into the aforementioned strata, controlling the vertical jump by ISAK I and II level experts, applying the Sargent Test to measure vertical jumps on a multi-force wall, establishing scales with seven percentile levels, and making comparisons related to chronological age, gender, socioeconomic, and genetic indicators. Results: Significant differences in the vertical jumping performance were determined according to the category or age range (13-14 ≠ 15-16 years) and by gender (w = 0.000). Various levels of performance were determined, classifying the maximum level as talented in the female gender (≥40 cm; and ≥42 cm) and male gender (≥47 cm; and ≥57 cm) in the 13‒14 and 15‒16 years categories, respectively. Sampling comparisons by geographical area only determined significant differences in the male gender, with the jumping ability being higher in urban areas (13‒14 years: w = 0.046; 15‒16 years: w = 0.013). The comparison by ethnic groups showed significant differences (k = 0.030), favoring the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders, while there are significant differences by socioeconomic level, especially between the middle and lower classes. Conclusions: The present research solves the lack of a tool for making correct didactic decisions related to the vertical jumping ability, taking into account various important stratified indicators. The complementary conclusions show significant differences according to the category stratum or age range, the gender stratum, and the ethnic stratum in females and males, where the best average rank favored the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders. There are significant differences in the geographical area stratum in the male gender, and differences in the socioeconomic stratum in favor of the upper and middle classes.

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Protoceratium reticulatum is the main yessotoxin-producer along the Chilean coast. Thus far, the yessotoxin levels recorded in this region have not posed a serious threat to human health. However, a bloom of P. reticulatum during the austral summer of 2022 caused the first ban of shellfish collection, due to the high toxin levels. A bloom of P. reticulatum during the austral summer of 2020 allowed an evaluation of the fine-scale distribution of the dinoflagellate during a tidal cycle. High-resolution measurements of biophysical properties were carried out in mid-summer (February 18-19) at a fixed sampling station in Puyuhuapi Fjord, Chilean Patagonia, as part of an intensive 24-h biophysical experiment to monitor the circadian distributions of P. reticulatum vegetative cells and yessotoxins. High P. reticulatum cell densities (>20 × 103 cells L-1) were found in association with a warmer (14.5-15 °C) and estuarine (23.5-24.5 g kg-1) sub-surface water layer (6-8 m). P. reticulatum cell numbers and yessotoxins followed a synchronic distribution pattern consistent with the excursions of the pycnocline. Nevertheless, the surface aggregation of the cells was modulated by the light cycle, suggesting daily vertical migration. The yessotoxin content per P. reticulatum cell ranged from 9.4 to 52.2 pg. This study demonstrates both the value of fine-scale resolution measurements of biophysical properties in a highly stratified system and the potential ecosystem impact of P. reticulatum strains producing high levels of yessotoxins.

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Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de sífilis congênita e descrever o perfil epidemiológico das mães e recém-nascidos diagnosticados no município de Sorocaba, SP. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e inferencial, utilizando dados provenientes da notificação compulsória de casos confirmados de sífilis congênita. A coleta dessas informações ocorreu no período de 2018 a 2022, a partir do banco de dados do Centro Municipal de Atenção Especializada. Resultados: Foram notificados 164 casos e a incidência de sífilis congênita foi de 3,66 novos casos. O perfil sociodemográfico das mães, predominantemente jovens, de etnia branca e com escolaridade desconhecida, reflete desafios na identificação e tratamento. A associação significativa entre o esquema de tratamento materno e a escolaridade, especialmente no ensino superior, destaca a importância do acesso à informação na prevenção da transmissão vertical. Apesar da cobertura universal do pré-natal, a presença majoritária de tratamentos inadequados ou não realizados sugere barreiras práticas e socioeconômicas. A significativa proporção de parceiros não tratados ou desconhecidos destaca a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes. Conclusão: Os resultados destacam a importância de estratégias integradas que ultrapassem o âmbito clínico. A implementação de medidas preventivas, educacionais e de apoio socioeconômico é imperativa para avançar em direção à redução efetiva da sífilis congênita em Sorocaba. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the incidence of congenital syphilis and to describe the epidemiological profile of mothers and newborns diagnosed in the city of Sorocaba, Southeastern Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive and inferential study using data from the compulsory notification of confirmed cases of congenital syphilis. This information was collected from 2018 to 2022, using the database of the Municipal Center for Specialized Care. Results: 164 cases were reported and the incidence of congenital syphilis was 3.66 new cases. The sociodemographic profile of the mothers, who were predominantly young, of white ethnicity and with unknown schooling, reflects challenges in identification and treatment. The significant association between maternal treatment regimen and schooling, especially in higher education, highlights the importance of access to information in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Despite universal prenatal coverage, the majority of inadequate or non-performing treatments suggests practical and socioeconomic barriers. The significant proportion of untreated or unknown partners highlights the need for comprehensive approaches. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of integrated strategies that go beyond the clinical scope. The implementation of preventive, educational and socioeconomic support measures is imperative to move towards the effective reduction of congenital syphilis in Sorocaba. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de sífilis congénita y describir el perfil epidemiológico de madres y recién nacidos diagnosticados en la ciudad de Sorocaba, Sudeste de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo e inferencial con datos de la notificación obligatoria de casos confirmados de sífilis congénita. Esta información se recolectó de 2018 a 2022, utilizando la base de datos del Centro Municipal de Atención Especializada. Resultados: Se notificaron 164 casos y la incidencia de sífilis congénita fue de 3,66 casos nuevos. El perfil sociodemográfico de las madres, predominantemente jóvenes, de etnia blanca y con escolaridad desconocida, refleja dificultades en la identificación y el tratamiento. La asociación significativa entre el régimen de tratamiento materno y la escolaridad, especialmente en la educación superior, pone de relieve la importancia del acceso a la información en la prevención de la transmisión maternoinfantil. A pesar de la cobertura prenatal universal, la mayoría de los tratamientos inadecuados o ineficaces plantean barreras prácticas y socioeconómicas. La importante proporción de parejas no tratadas o desconocidas pone de relieve la necesidad de adoptar enfoques integrales. Conclusión: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de las estrategias integradas que van más allá del ámbito clínico. La implementación de medidas de apoyo preventivo, educativo y socioeconómico es imprescindible para avanzar hacia la reducción efectiva de la sífilis congénita en Sorocaba. (AU)

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We investigated the influence of anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). Twenty-two endurance runners and triathletes were evaluated for maximum sprinting speed (MSS) and countermovement jump (CMJ) before (non-fatigued) and after (fatigued) an incremental running test. They were allocated in LASR (low-ASR) and HASR (high-ASR) groups for comparisons between conditions. HASR showed greater CMJ and MSS (both p ≤ 0.005) performances, with enhanced CMJ in fatigued condition (p ≤ 0.008). Significant correlations were found between ASR, CMJ, and MSS in both conditions (p ≤ 0.01) for the entire sample, and between ∆CMJ and ∆MSS (p ≤ 0.001) in LASR. Our results show that ASR profile influences PAPE.

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Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs) constitute a diverse group within the Papillomaviridae family, playing a crucial role in bovine health and economic considerations. This study investigates the dynamics of vertical transmission of BPV in cattle, focusing on five cows and their reproductive tissues, as well as three gravid cows and their fetuses. DNA and RNA samples were extracted from the warts, fetal skin, placenta, uterus, ovary, and blood of cows, as well as the skin and blood of fetuses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeted BPV types 1-6 and 8-14, was assessed in both cows and fetuses. Additionally, Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) examined BPV-2 E5 oncogene expression in the skin and reproductive sites of mother cows and fetuses. Our findings unveil a rich diversity of BPV types, including BPV-2, 3, 9, 10, 12, and 14, present in both maternal and fetal tissues. Intriguingly, certain types, namely BPV-4, 6, 8, and 11, were exclusively identified in maternal tissues A higher diversity of BPVs was observed in cow warts, followed by cow blood, fetal blood, and fetal skin. Strikingly similar BPV types in gravid cow blood and fetuses suggest primary dissemination through the bloodstream and transmission via the placenta, though detected in lower numbers in cow uterus and ovary. Histopathological analysis revealed no abnormalities in the reproductive tissues despite the presence of BPV. However, in one bladder sample from a cow that did not consume bracken fern, urothelial neoplasia in situ was observed. The study extends beyond detection, exploring the expression of the BPV-2 E5 oncogene in fetal tissues, providing insights into potential cell implications. Comparative analyses with previous studies highlight the uniqueness of our investigation, encompassing a broader array of BPV types in the gravid cows and their fetuses. The findings not only establish a foundation for further investigations into the mechanisms of vertical transmission but also highlight the need for targeted interventions and surveillance strategies to mitigate potential health risks associated with specific BPV types.

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Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) produces sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a frequently lethal, lymphoproliferative disease that is characterized by widespread vascular lesions. Most studies that evaluated the viral load in tissues of animals with SA-MCF were done in the Northern Hemisphere, with scant information from the Southern part of the globe. This study investigated the viral load of OvGHV2 in the tissues of cattle and an underdeveloped fetus with SA-MCF from three distinct biomes of Brazil. All animals had clinical and histopathological manifestations consistent with SA-MCF. Molecular testing identified the OvGHV2 tegument protein and glycoprotein B genes in the tissues of all animals and the fetus. Viral quantification based on the DNA polymerase gene detected elevated loads of OvGHV2 in tissues with histopathological evidence of SA-MCF and organs with unknown histological data, except for the tissues of the fetus, where the viral load was comparatively reduced. The viral loads detected in multiple organs of cattle from this study with SA-MCF are consistent with those identified in different animal species from the USA and Europe. The detection of a low viral load of OvGHV2 in fetal tissue confirmed transplacental dissemination since elevated viral loads were detected in multiple tissues of the cow with SA-MCF. Furthermore, the elevated viral loads detected in the pulmonary tissues of cattle with interstitial pneumonia indicate that OvGHV2 is an inductor of pulmonary disease in cattle.

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Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood, although very rarely cases have been reported in adults. Most of the cases are from Jamaica and Brazil and occur in individuals with low socioeconomic status. IDH is always associated with refractory Staphylococcus aureus or beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection of the skin and nasal vestibules. Patients with IDH may develop other even more severe HTLV-1-associated diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) of early or late appearance and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In the context of the Brazilian experience, it has been observed that 54% of IDH patients exhibit the juvenile form of HAM/TSP while the estimated incidence of adult HAM/TSP is 3%. As there are no curative treatments for HTLV-1 infection (or vaccines) or most of its associated diseases, prevention of infection is fundamental, mainly by vertical transmission, as it is responsible for the development of IDH, infantojuvenile HAM/TSP, and ATL. Public measures to reduce this transmission must be implemented urgently. Furthermore, it is recommended, mainly in HTLV-1 endemic areas, to search for HTLV-1 infection in all patients with infected eczema, even in adults.

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BACKGROUND: Phase angle (PhA), obtained from the bioimpedance analysis, is widely used in clinical situations and in sports. This study evaluated the association between PhA with body composition and physical performance of handball athletes. METHODS: 43 national-level players (22.19 ± 3.86 years) of both sexes were evaluated regarding anthropometry, body composition, squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS: We verified a correlation between PhA of the whole body and fat-free mass (r = 0.511), body mass index (r = 0.307), and body fat % (r = -0.303). There was a positive correlation between PhA of the whole body and SJ (r = 0.376), CMJ (r = 0.419), and handgrip for the dominant hand (r = 0.448). Moreover, PhA of the upper limbs was more strongly correlated with handgrip for the dominant (r = 0.630) and non-dominant hand (r = 0.575) compared to PhA of the whole body considering both sexes. Similarly, segmental PhA had a stronger significant correlation with SJ (r = 0.402) and handgrip for the dominant hand (r = 0.482) in males, as well as CMJ (r = 0.602) in females, compared to PhA of the whole body. CONCLUSION: PhA of the whole body was positively related to fat-free mass, body mass index, body fat %, and lower- and upper-limbs strength in handball athletes. Segmental PhA might be used as a tool for estimating lower and upper limbs performance considering the sex, in preference to the PhA of the whole body.

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Introduction: The current study aimed to compare the quality of root canal obturation performed with cold lateral condensation with other obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: Diverse Search was conducted using six electronic/academic databases following PICOS (i.e. population, intervention, control, outcomes, and study design) strategy: (P) Extracted mature permanent teeth; (I) Obturation techniques except for cold lateral condensation; (C) Cold lateral condensation tyechnique; (O) Quality of root canal obturation; and (S) In vitro studies assessing parameters using micro-computed tomography. The statistical method used for the meta-analyses was the "inverse variance DerSimonian-Laird test". The heterogeneity data was calculated using the T2, Cochran Q test, and I2 statistics. Results: Fifteen studies were included for the final analysis; one had a low risk of bias, eight a moderate risk, and six a high risk of bias. Ten studies were selected for meta-analyses; three studies comparing cold lateral condensation with carrier-based gutta-percha techniques [P=0.96; mean difference (MD)=-0.02; confidence interval (CI): (-0.77, 0.73); I2=21%]; three comparing cold lateral condensation with single-cone techniques [P=0.75; MD=-0.39; CI: (-2.77, 1.99); I2=92%]; two comparing cold lateral condensation and thermo-plasticized injectable techniques [P=0.37; MD=5.91; CI: (-7.13,18.94); I2=99%]; and five comparing cold lateral condensation with warm vertical condensation techniques [P<0.0001; MD=5.29; CI=(2.84, 7.74); I2=92%]. The overall effect reported significant results [P=0.0003; MD=2.69; CI=(1.23, 4.16); I2=96%]; favoring fewer voids and gaps for the other used obturation techniques. Conclusions: Cold lateral condensation and single-cone techniques presented no statistical differences. Nonetheless, Warm vertical condensation technique had better results compared to cold lateral condensation.

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Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica (CBM) es efectiva en lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en desenlaces clínicos y metabólicos a largo plazo. Métodos. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con pacientes llevados a baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (MG) por laparoscopia en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre 2013 y 2021. El cambio de peso, control de comorbilidades y resultados metabólicos se recopilaron al inicio del estudio, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de cirugía, y anualmente hasta el quinto año. Las tasas de control de comorbilidades se evaluaron mediante la prueba Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar el efecto de covariables en la reganancia de peso. Resultados. De 1092 pacientes con CBM (71,4 % MG y 28,6 % BGYR), 67 % eran mujeres, con mediana de edad 48 años e índice de masa corporal de 35,5 Kg/m2. Después de cinco años de seguimiento, la tasa de control en diabetes mellitus fue 65,5 %, en hipertensión 56,6 % y en dislipidemia 43,6 %. La tasa de reganancia de peso fue 28 %, sin diferencias entre MG vs BGYR (p=0,482). El tiempo promedio hasta peso nadir fue 14 meses. La edad al momento de CBM fue el mejor predictor independiente de reganancia (HR=1,02, IC95% 1,01-1,04), pero con efecto clínico modesto. Conclusión. La CBM es segura y muestra beneficios a largo plazo en la pérdida de peso y control de comorbilidades en población colombiana.

Introduction. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has shown its efficacy in achieving short-term weight loss. However, there is limited evidence regarding long-term clinical and metabolic outcomes. Methods. Retrospective longitudinal study with patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) interventions in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021. Weight change, comorbidity control, and metabolic outcomes were collected at the onset, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, and annually up to the fifth year. Comorbidity control rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on weight regain. Results. Of 1092 patients with BMS (71.4% SG and 28.6% RYGB), 67% were women, with a median age of 48 years, BMI 35.5 kg/m2. After five years of follow-up, the control rate in diabetes mellitus was 65.5%, in hypertension 56.6%, and dyslipidemia 43.6%. The weight regain rate was 28% with no differences between SG vs RYGB (p=0.482). The mean time to nadir weight was 14 months. Age at the time of BMS was the best independent predictor of weight regain (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), but with a modest clinical effect. Conclusion. BMS is safe and shows long-term benefits in weight loss and control of comorbidities in Colombian population.

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Anthropogenic activities have decimated the Atlantic Forest domain (AF) and increased the pressure on freshwater biota, such as Trichoptera, which is the most affected order by the current insect decline. Adult mobility is crucial for the colonisation of new environments unconnected by water sources. In this article, we describe the assemblage of caddisflies in a preserved AF fragment related to their functional feeding group and provide empirical data on the patterns of horizontal and vertical flight. Adults were collected using white sheet and light attraction traps, placed at different distances and heights from a stream in Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 2934 specimens of 15 species from five families were collected, mostly collector-filterers. Horizontal flight was limited, with 80% of the abundance concentrated up to 20 m. Vertical stratification was also concentrated at lower heights. A female-biased proportion was observed at higher strata. The richness and abundance of species decreased with increasing distances and heights from the stream. Overall, Chimarra sp. and Macrostemum scharfi were the dominant species. Trichoptera is a key taxon used as a biological indicator of water quality, and here, knowledge on the diversity and flight patterns of adults is expanded. At the risk of intensive pollution of rivers in Atlantic forests, data on the adult dispersal can be incorporated in the assessment of endangerment status and in conservation strategies.

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Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de um paciente com perda de dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO) associada à erosão dentária causada por refluxo gastroesofágico, discorrendo aspectos inerentes ao diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e tratamento reabilitador com restaurações indiretas cerâmicas. Descrição do caso clínico: Paciente de 37 anos queixou-se de desgaste dentário, que provocava dor e incômodo estético com o seu sorriso. O paciente relatou ser portador da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e possuir dores de cabeça frequentes, e o exame clínico denotou perda da DVO. Após os protocolos fotográficos, molde e análise do exame radiográfico, determinou-se clinicamente o restabelecimento da DVO, sendo que por meio dos mock-ups, verificou-se a adaptação do paciente com relação a nova DVO. Preparos para facetas e tabletops foram realizados, seguidos de selamento imediato da dentina. A reabilitação foi iniciada pelo arco superior, sendo que para este arco, optou-se pelo fluxo analógico. Peças em dissilicato de lítio fresado e maquiado foram confeccionadas, e cimentadas com cimento resinoso dual. Para o arco inferior, foi utilizado o fluxo digital, e as peças foram obtidas por fresagem. Após a finalização da reabilitação, o paciente mostrou-se satisfeito com o tratamento, com melhora no aspecto estético-facial-dental, além das dores de cabeça. Considerações finais: O restabelecimento da DVO por meio de restaurações indiretas em pacientes com erosão dental é um procedimento previsível, desde que seja precedido de uma anamnese completa, diagnóstico da DVO por meio de restaurações provisórias e estratégias de adesão e cimentação adequadas.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause neurological issues in infants. To provide protection, neutralizing antibodies should be transferred from the mother to the infant. We conducted a study at the Hospital General de Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samples were collected from mothers (blood and breast milk) and infants (saliva and dried blood spots) within the first 12 postnatal hours (December 2017 to February 2018) and tested for ZIKV total and neutralizing antibodies as well as ZIKV-PCR. Microcephaly was evaluated according to INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Maternal IgG seroprevalence was 28.4% with 10.4% active infection, while infant IgG seroprevalence was 5.5% with 2.4% active infection. There were two cases of virolactia, and 6.3% of the infant saliva samples tested positive for ZIKV. Additionally, 18.3% of the infants were in a cephalic perimeter percentile lower than 10 and had an association between microcephaly and serology or a PCR between 8.6 and 60.9%. The infant blood samples had neutralizing antibodies, indicating intrauterine protection. Microcephaly was correlated with serology or PCR, but in our study population, non-ZIKV factors may be involved as well. Low ZIKV infection values in breast milk mean that breastfeeding is safe in most of the mothers and infants of the endemic area studied.

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BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV)-1 infection is endemic in many countries of Central and South America and Caribbean (CSA&C). Neither screening nor surveillance programs exist for HTLV-1/2 infection among pregnant women in this region. Neither in Western nations with large migrant flows from HTLV-1/2 endemic regions. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women. We included studies searching EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 15, 2023. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. RESULTS: We identified a total of 620 studies. Only 41 were finally included in the meta-analysis. Most studies (61.0%) were from Brazil and Peru (14.6%). The total number of participants was 343,707. The pooled prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women was 1.30% (95% CI: 0.96-1.69) using anti-HTLV-1/2 antibody screening tests. There was a high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.6%). Confirmatory tests gave an HTLV-1 infection rate of 1.02% (95% CI: 0.75-1.33). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women is 1.3%, most cases being HTLV-1. This rate is greater than for other microbial agents regularly checked as part of antenatal screening (such as HIV, hepatitis B, or syphilis). Thus, HTLV-1/2 antenatal testing should be mandatory among CSA&C pregnant women everywhere.

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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections frequently affect pregnant women and, consequently, newborns. HIV and syphilis are vertically transmitted to children and co-infection requires special attention due to its clinical implications. Objective: To describe clinical aspects of HIV/syphilis coinfection during pregnancy and the exposure of newborns to infections treated at a pediatric reference hospital in Santa Catarina between 2015 and 2020. Methods: Observational, descriptive study, secondary to a line of research "Epidemiological description of children exposed to HIV" from January 2015 to December 2020 in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Santa Catarina. Results: 678 medical records were analyzed with ICD Z.206 (contact with and exposure to HIV), in which 71 (10.5%) newborns were exposed to HIV and Syphilis co-infection. Of these, 37 (52.1%) were male, 14 (19.7%) confirmed a diagnosis of HIV and 30 (42.2%) of congenital syphilis. Of the co-infected pregnant women, 38 (53.5%) were diagnosed with HIV prior to pregnancy, 53 (74.6%) used ART and 40 (52.1%) used harmful substances. Furthermore, 34 (46.4%) pregnant women had a minimum number of 6 prenatal consultations, 35 (49.3%) had vaginal births and 29 (40.8%) had undetectable HIV RNA quantification at the time of delivery. HIV prophylaxis for newborns occurred in 66 (92.9%) of cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that the studied population was mostly made up of pregnant women who were diagnosed with HIV infection prior to pregnancy. Of these, the majority were using ART, but the minority carried out the minimum number of consultations recommended by the Ministry of Health. Regarding newborns, the majority received HIV prophylaxis. (AU)

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis afetam frequentemente gestantes e, consequentemente, os recém-nascidos (RN). O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e a sífilis são transmitidos verticalmente para as crianças e a coinfecção requer atenção especial por suas implicações clínicas. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos clínicos da coinfecção HIV/sífilis na gestação e da exposição de RN às infecções atendidos em um hospital de referência pediátrica em Santa Catarina entre 2015 e 2020. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, secundário à linha de pesquisa "Descrição epidemiológica de crianças expostas ao HIV" no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2020, em um hospital pediátrico terciário de Santa Catarina. Resultados: Foram analisados 678 prontuários com Classificação Internacional de Doenças ­ CID Z.206 (contato com e exposição ao HIV), nos quais 71 (10,5%) RN foram expostos à coinfecção HIV e sífilis. Destes, 37 (52,1%) eram do sexo masculino, 14 (19,7%) confirmaram diagnóstico de HIV e 30 (42,2%) de sífilis congênita. Das gestantes coinfectadas, 38 (53,5%) possuíam diagnóstico do HIV prévio à gestação, 53 (74,6%) usaram terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e 40 (52,1%) utilizaram substâncias nocivas. Ainda, 34 (46,4%) gestantes obtiveram o número mínimo de seis consultas pré-natais, 35 (49,3%) realizaram partos vaginais e 29 (40,8%) possuíam quantificação RNA-HIV não detectável no momento do parto. A profilaxia para o HIV do RN ocorreu em 66 (92,9%) dos casos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a população estudada foi formada, na sua maioria, por gestantes que receberam o diagnóstico de infecção pelo vírus do HIV prévio à gestação. Destas, a maioria estava em uso de TARV, porém a minoria realizou o número mínimo de consultas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Com relação aos RN, a maioria recebeu profilaxia ao HIV. (AU)

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