RESUMO
In early 2024, explosive outbreaks of Oropouche virus (OROV) linked to a novel lineage were documented in the Amazon Region of Brazil. We report the introduction of this lineage into Colombia and its co-circulation with another OROV lineage. Continued surveillance is needed to prevent further spread of OROV in the Americas.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Filogenia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Orthobunyavirus/classificação , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Dengue cases rose to record levels during 2023-2024. We investigated dengue in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, to determine if specific virus serotypes or lineages caused its large outbreak. We detected all 4 serotypes and multiple lineages, suggesting that factors such as climatic conditions were likely responsible for increased dengue in Colombia.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Surtos de Doenças , Sorogrupo , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Filogenia , História do Século XXIRESUMO
We report acute Oropouche virus infections in 2 previously healthy women from a nonendemic region of Brazil outside the Amazon Basin. Infections rapidly progressed to hemorrhagic manifestations and fatal outcomes in 4-5 days. These cases highlight the critical need for enhanced surveillance to clarify epidemiology of this neglected disease.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Evolução Fatal , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We describe 5 children who had Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and manifested clinical symptoms similar to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Sonora, Mexico, where RMSF is hyperendemic. Physicians should consider RMSF in differential diagnoses of hospitalized patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome to prevent illness and death caused by rickettsial disease.
Assuntos
Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica , Humanos , México , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/diagnóstico , Criança , Masculino , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
We describe a recent case of lymphatic filariasis in Colombia caused by Wuchereria bancrofti nematodes. Our study combines clinical-epidemiologic findings with phylogenetic data. Resurgence of lymphatic filariasis may be linked to increasing urbanization trends and migration from previously endemic regions. Fieldwork can be a beneficial tool for screening and containing transmission.
Assuntos
Filariose Linfática , Wuchereria bancrofti , Filariose Linfática/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Wuchereria bancrofti/genética , Humanos , Animais , Filogenia , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Major dengue epidemics throughout Nicaragua's history have been dominated by 1 of 4 dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4). To examine serotypes during the dengue epidemic in Nicaragua in 2022, we performed real-time genomic surveillance in-country and documented cocirculation of all 4 serotypes. We observed a shift toward co-dominance of DENV-1 and DENV-4 over previously dominant DENV-2. By analyzing 135 new full-length DENV sequences, we found that introductions underlay the resurgence: DENV-1 clustered with viruses from Ecuador in 2014 rather than those previously seen in Nicaragua; DENV-3, which last circulated locally in 2014, grouped instead with Southeast Asia strains expanding into Florida and Cuba in 2022; and new DENV-4 strains clustered within a South America lineage spreading to Florida in 2022. In contrast, DENV-2 persisted from the formerly dominant Nicaragua clade. We posit that the resurgence emerged from travel after the COVID-19 pandemic and that the resultant intensifying hyperendemicity could affect future dengue immunity and severity.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Filogenia , SARS-CoV-2 , Sorogrupo , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Humanos , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , PandemiasRESUMO
We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.
Assuntos
Epidemiologia Molecular , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre/virologia , Febre/epidemiologia , Masculino , Filogenia , Adulto , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/classificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , História do Século XXI , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/virologia , LactenteRESUMO
We conducted surveillance studies in Sinaloa, Mexico, to determine the circulation of tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes. We collected argasid ticks from a home in the village of Camayeca and isolated spirochetes. Genomic analysis indicated that Borrelia turicatae infection is a threat to those living in resource-limited settings.
Assuntos
Infecções por Borrelia , Borrelia , Febre Recorrente , Carrapatos , Animais , México/epidemiologia , Borrelia/genética , Febre Recorrente/epidemiologia , Infecções por Borrelia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been remained relatively stable over time. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed limited within-host diversity among most ZIKV-persistent infected associated samples. However, we detected unusual virus temporal diversity from >5 persons, uncovering the existence of divergent genomes within the same patient. All those patients showed an increase in neutralizing antibody levels, followed by a decline at the convalescent phase of ZIKV infection. Of interest, in 3 of those patients, titers of neutralizing antibodies increased again after 6 months of ZIKV infection, concomitantly with real-time reverse transcription PCR re-positivity, supporting ZIKV reinfection events. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the existence of ZIKV reinfection events.
Assuntos
Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Formação de Anticorpos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Reinfecção , Anticorpos NeutralizantesRESUMO
Using Oxford Nanopore technologies and phylogenetic analyses, we sequenced and identified the cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 isolated from 2 patients in the city of Villavicencio, Meta department, Colombia. This identification suggests the emergence of this genotype in the country, which warrants further surveillance to identify its epidemic potential.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Dengue/epidemiologia , Sorogrupo , Filogenia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , GenótipoRESUMO
Beginning in 2022, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, experienced an outbreak of rickettsioses that is still ongoing despite multidisciplinary control efforts. A total of 57 cases have been confirmed, particularly affecting children. We report a high mortality rate among hospitalized persons in Nuevo Leon. Continuing efforts are required to control the outbreak.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Rickettsia , Criança , Humanos , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We report an acute Chagas disease outbreak among soldiers in Colombia. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was confirmed through parasitology, serology, and molecular methods. Among 9 affected soldiers, 2 died; 7 were hospitalized and received benznidazole treatment, which produced favorable outcomes. Personnel patrolling rural areas in Colombia could be at increased risk for Chagas disease.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Militares , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Surtos de DoençasRESUMO
A new phlebovirus variant was isolated from an acute febrile patient in Chanchamayo, Peru. Genome characterization and p-distance analyses based on complete open reading frames revealed that the virus is probably a natural reassortant of the Echarate virus (large and small segments) with a yet-unidentified phlebovirus (M segment).
Assuntos
Febre , Phlebovirus , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Fases de Leitura AbertaRESUMO
The spread of Chikungunya virus is a major public health concern in the Americas. There were >120,000 cases and 51 deaths in 2023, of which 46 occurred in Paraguay. Using a suite of genomic, phylodynamic, and epidemiologic techniques, we characterized the ongoing large chikungunya epidemic in Paraguay.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya , Vírus Chikungunya , Epidemias , Humanos , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Paraguai/epidemiologia , África do Sul , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Filogenia , GenótipoRESUMO
In May 2021, an agricultural worker originally from Trementinal, Argentina, sought treatment for febrile illness in Tarija, Bolivia, where he resided at the time of illness onset. The patient tested negative for hantavirus RNA, but next-generation sequencing of a serum sample yielded a complete genome for Rio Negro virus.
Assuntos
Alphavirus , Viroses , Humanos , Masculino , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/etnologia , Bolívia , Viroses/sangue , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/genética , Viroses/virologia , Agricultura , Febre/etiologia , Febre/terapia , Febre/virologia , Genoma Viral , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
The Americas, particularly Brazil, were greatly impacted by the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015 and 2016. Efforts were made to implement genomic surveillance of ZIKV as part of the public health responses. The accuracy of spatiotemporal reconstructions of the epidemic spread relies on the unbiased sampling of the transmission process. In the early stages of the outbreak, we recruited patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of arbovirus-like infection from Salvador and Campo Formoso, Bahia, in Northeast Brazil. Between May 2015 and June 2016, we identified 21 cases of acute ZIKV infection and subsequently recovered 14 near full-length sequences using the amplicon tiling multiplex approach with nanopore sequencing. We performed a time-calibrated discrete phylogeographic analysis to trace the spread and migration history of the ZIKV. Our phylogenetic analysis supports a consistent relationship between ZIKV migration from Northeast to Southeast Brazil and its subsequent dissemination beyond Brazil. Additionally, our analysis provides insights into the migration of ZIKV from Brazil to Haiti and the role Brazil played in the spread of ZIKV to other countries, such as Singapore, the USA, and the Dominican Republic. The data generated by this study enhances our understanding of ZIKV dynamics and supports the existing knowledge, which can aid in future surveillance efforts against the virus.
Assuntos
Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Zika virus/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , América/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Although dengue is typically considered an urban disease, rural communities are also at high risk. To clarify dynamics of dengue virus (DENV) transmission in settings with characteristics generally considered rural (e.g., lower population density, remoteness), we conducted a phylogenetic analysis in 6 communities in northwestern Ecuador. DENV RNA was detected by PCR in 121/488 serum samples collected from febrile case-patients during 2019-2021. Phylogenetic analysis of 27 samples from Ecuador and other countries in South America confirmed that DENV-1 circulated during May 2019-March 2020 and DENV-2 circulated during December 2020-July 2021. Combining locality and isolation dates, we found strong evidence that DENV entered Ecuador through the northern province of Esmeraldas. Phylogenetic patterns suggest that, within this province, communities with larger populations and commercial centers were more often the source of DENV but that smaller, remote communities also play a role in regional transmission dynamics.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Filogenia , Equador/epidemiologia , América do SulRESUMO
We describe 5 cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) in 2 familial clusters during the 2017-2018 yellow fever (YF) vaccination campaign in São Paulo state, Brazil. The first case was that of a 40-year-old white man who died of icterohemorrhagic syndrome, which was confirmed to be YEL-AVD by using real-time reverse transcription PCR to detect 17DD YF vaccine in the liver. Ten years previously, his brother died of a clinically similar disease without a confirmed diagnosis 9 days after YF vaccination. The second cluster included 3 of 9 siblings in whom hepatitis developed in the first week after receiving fractionated doses of YF vaccine. Two of them died of hemorrhagic diathesis and renal and respiratory failure, and 17DD-YF vaccine was detected in serum samples from all patients and in the liver in 1 case. Genetic factors might play a substantial role in the incidence of YEL-AVD.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Febre Amarela , Febre Amarela , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Irmãos , Brasil , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Vacinação , Antígenos ViraisRESUMO
We report a case of Dirofilaria immitis nematode infection in a dog imported from Venezuela that had been living for 2 years in Santiago, Chile, where this parasite had not been reported before. Our findings warrant surveillance for all dogs imported to Chile, given that suitable conditions exist for establishing this parasite.