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Resumen La infección por el virus orf, también conocida como ectima contagioso, es reconocida una zoonosis ocupacional. Se diagnostica por lesiones cutáneas que evolu cionan rápidamente desde máculas a pápulas, vesículas y pústulas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una estudiante de medicina veterinaria que había tenido contacto con caprinos, clínicamente sanos y sin lesiones aparentes, hacía 19 días. Presentó dos lesiones vesiculares que coalescieron hasta formar una lesión de mayor tamaño rodeada por un halo eritematoso. Las lesiones fueron compatibles con la presentación clásica de las producidas por el virus orf en humanos. Se confirmó la presencia del virus orf mediante una RPC anidada del tejido de biopsia. Es uno de los primeros casos confirmados mediante técnicas moleculares en seres humanos en Chile.

Infection with the orf virus, also known as contagious ecthyma, is recognized as an occupational zoonosis worldwide. It is diagnosed by cutaneous lesions that progress rapidly from macules to papules, vesicles and pustules. The clinical case of a student of veterinary medicine who had had contact with goats, clinically healthy and without apparent lesions, which occured 19 days ago, is reported. She presented two vesicular lesions that coalesced to form a larger lesion surrounded by an erythematous halo. The lesions were compatible with the classical presentation of those produced by the orf virus in humans. The presence of the orf virus was confirmed by a nested PCR from biopsy tissue. It is one of the first cases confirmed by molecular techniques in humans in Chile.

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Efforts to develop vaccines for prevention of acute diarrhea have been going on for more than 40 y with partial success. The myriad of pathogens, more than 20, that have been identified as a cause of acute diarrhea throughout the years pose a significant challenge for selecting and further developing the most relevant vaccine candidates. Based on pathogen distribution as identified in epidemiological studies performed mostly in low-resource countries, rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, Shigella, diarrheogenic E. coli and V. cholerae are predominant, and thus the main targets for vaccine development and implementation. Vaccination against norovirus is most relevant in middle/high-income countries and possibly in resource-deprived countries, pending a more precise characterization of disease impact. Only a few licensed vaccines are currently available, of which rotavirus vaccines have been the most outstanding in demonstrating a significant impact in a short time period. This is a comprehensive review, divided into 2 articles, of nearly 50 vaccine candidates against the most relevant viral and bacterial pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. In order to facilitate reading, sections for each pathogen are organized as follows: i) a discussion of the main epidemiological and pathogenic features; and ii) a discussion of vaccines based on their stage of development, moving from current licensed vaccines to vaccines in advanced stage of development (in phase IIb or III trials) to vaccines in early stages of clinical development (in phase I/II) or preclinical development in animal models. In this first article we discuss rotavirus, norovirus and Vibrio cholerae. In the following article we will discuss Shigella, Salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic E. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic), and Campylobacter jejuni.

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O Ectima contagioso, popularmente conhecido como Boqueira, é uma doença causada pelo vírus Orf, que induz lesões pustulares agudas na pele de ovinos e caprinos. No presente trabalho, é relatada pela primeira vez a identificação e confirmação laboratorial do vírus Orf em rebanhos caprinos da Bahia. A Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB) relatou a ocorrência de focos de uma doença epitelial nos caprinos das raças Canindé e Alpina Britânica nas localidades de Barreira e Pedra Alta, no município de Araci. Foram coletadas as amostras das lesões de crostas labiais do rebanho da localidade de Barreira e das crostas dos tetos do rebanho de Pedra Alta. Os materiais coletados foram submetidos à extração de DNA e posterior reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), para amplificação dos genes do vírus Orf: ORFV011 (B2L, 1022 pares de bases [pb]) e ORFV 059 (F1L, 1062 pb). Todas as amostras foram positivas na reação de PCR, confirmando-se a presença do vírus Orf nas lesões observadas nos rebanhos caprinos das comunidades de Barreira e Pedra Alta.

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O Ectima contagioso, popularmente conhecido como Boqueira, é uma doença causada pelo vírus Orf, que induz lesões pustulares agudas na pele de ovinos e caprinos. No presente trabalho, é relatada pela primeira vez a identificação e confirmação laboratorial do vírus Orf em rebanhos caprinos da Bahia. A Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB) relatou a ocorrência de focos de uma doença epitelial nos caprinos das raças Canindé e Alpina Britânica nas localidades de Barreira e Pedra Alta, no município de Araci. Foram coletadas as amostras das lesões de crostas labiais do rebanho da localidade de Barreira e das crostas dos tetos do rebanho de Pedra Alta. Os materiais coletados foram submetidos à extração de DNA e posterior reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), para amplificação dos genes do vírus Orf: ORFV 011 (B2L, 1022 pares de bases [pb]) e ORFV 059 (F1L, 1062 pb). Todas as amostras foram positivas na reação de PCR, confirmando-se a presença do vírus Orf nas lesões observadas nos rebanhos caprinos das comunidades de Barreira e Pedra Alta.(AU)

The contagious ecthyma is a disease caused by Orf virus, which induces acute skin pustules lesions in sheep and goats. In Brazil the frequency of Orf virus infection seems to be higher than that officially reported. This study is the first report on the Orf virus identification and laboratory confirmation in herds of goats in Bahia. The State Agency of Agriculture Defense of Bahia reported the occurrence of an epithelial disease in goats of Canindé and British Alpine breeds in the Barreira and Pedra alta localities. The lesions were characterized by the occurrence of scabs around the labial fold or being restricted to the udders. The samples from lesions scab were collected from goats labial fold and teats. DNA samples were extracted from these materials, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the genes ORFV 011 (B2L, 1022 base pairs [bp]) and ORFV 059 (F1L, 1062 bp) were amplified. All of the samples showed positive PCR reaction, confirming the Orf virus infection in the goat herds of Bahia state.(AU)

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