RESUMO
Worldwide, as well as in Mexico, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension is the main risk factor for CVD; about 50% of the adult population suffers from this condition. High sodium (Na) intake combined with low potassium (K) intake can trigger cardiovascular disorders such as high blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to estimate the mean excretion of Na and K in Mexican adults using a spot urine sample, and its association with cardiovascular disorders. Information on 2,778 adults, 20-59 years of age, who participated in ENSANUT-2016 was analyzed. Na and K were estimated using Tanaka formulae. Biomarkers such as glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and anthropometry were measured. Mean Na was 3,354 mg/day (95%CI: 3,278, 3,429), 1,440 mg/day of K (95%CI: 1,412, 1,469), and the Na-K ratio was 2.4. The excretion of Na was greater in adults with high BP (3,542 mg/day) compared to those with normal BP (3,296 mg/day). In adults with hypertension, excretion of K was 10% greater (1,534 mg/day) than in adults with normal BP (1,357 mg/day). In adults with moderate reduction of renal function, Na excretion was 22% less (2,772 mg/day) than in adults with normal kidney function (3,382 mg/day). The results of this study show that the cardiovascular health of Mexican adults is at risk, as they showed high Na excretion and low K excretion.
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Introducción: El ensayo de muestras matutinas de orina pudiera mejorar el estudio de la función tubular en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Describir las tubulopatías diagnosticadas en niños y adolescentes después del ensayo de muestras matutinas de orina. Métodos: Se completó un estudio retrospectivo y analítico en el Laboratorio de Estudio de la Función Renal, Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Juan Manuel Márquez", con 70 informes de la función tubular hechos en muestras matutinas de orina de 56 probandos (varones: 50,0 por ciento; edad promedio: 4,3 ± 5,5 años; edades < 12 meses: 41,1 por ciento) atendidos entre 2015-2019 (ambos inclusive) que contenían los valores del filtrado glomerular, la excreción urinaria absoluta y fraccional de las sustancias de interés, la brecha aniónica, la presión parcial de los gases, y la acidez titulable, el pH, la densidad y la osmolaridad de los fluidos pertinentes. Los resultados obtenidos se integraron dentro de las construcciones de caso de varias tubulopatías. Resultados: La función tubular estaba conservada en el 41,1 por ciento de los probandos. La inmadurez tubular explicó los hallazgos en otros dos niños. La hipercalciuria idiopática (16,0 por ciento), la diabetes insípida de causa nefrogénica (8,9 por ciento) y la insuficiencia renal aguda (5,3 por ciento) fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes. En 14 de los probandos se diagnosticaron 10 tubulopatías que recorrieron el raquitismo carencial, la hipofosfatasia, la enfermedad de Leigh, el síndrome de Bartter, la enfermedad de Dent y la acidosis tubular I, II y IV. Conclusiones: El estudio tubular en muestras matutinas de orina permite el diagnóstico de importantes tubulopatías en las edades pediátricas(AU)
Introduction: The morning urine sample assay may improve the study of tubular function in children and adolescents. Objective: Describe the tubulopathies diagnosed in children and adolescents after the trial of morning urine samples. Methods: A retrospective and analytical study was completed at the Renal Function´s Study Laboratory, in the Clinical Laboratory Service at "Juan Manuel Marquez" Teaching Pediatric Hospital, with 70 reports of tubular function made in morning urine samples of 56 testees (males: 50.0 percent; average age: 4.3 ± to 5.5 years; ages< 12 months: 41.1 percent) attended from 2015 to 2019 (both inclusive) containing glomerular filtration values, absolute and fractional urinary excretion of substances of interest, anionic gap, partial gas pressure, and titrable acidity, pH, density and osmolarity of relevant fluids. The results obtained were integrated into the case constructions of various tubulopathies. Results: Tubular function was preserved in 41.1 percent of the testees. Tubular immaturity explained the findings in two other children. Idiopathic hypercalciuria (16.0 percent), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (8.9 percent) and acute renal failure (5.3 percent) were the most frequent findings. In 14 of the testees, 10 tubulopathies were diagnosed were through deficiency rickets, hypophosphatasia, Leigh's disease, Bartter syndrome, Dent disease and tubular acidosis I, II and IV.. Conclusions: The tubular study with morning urine samples allows the diagnosis of important tubulopathies in the pediatric ages(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Concentração Osmolar , Diabetes Insípido Nefrogênico , Injúria Renal Aguda , Serviços de Laboratório Clínico , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
This study evaluated the nutritional value of glycerin added to diets of weaned piglets and its effects on animal performance and urinary losses. Weaned piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages and fed diets in which a basal diet containing lactose (Gly0) was replaced by 50 (Gly50), 100 (Gly100), or 150 g kg−1 (Gly150) of glycerin; or a diet in which 100 g kg−1 of the lactose in the basal diet was replaced by glycerin (Gly100Lac0). Diets were offered for two periods of 12 days (phase I and phase II). Performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention (NR), and urinary production were measured. Digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of glycerin were calculated using substitution method and compared to iso-nutritional diets formulated with or without glycerin. No significant differences on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were found. Glycerin inclusion caused a linear increase in urinary production. Piglets fed Gly100Lac0 diet had higher urinary production, compared with piglets fed Gly0. Glycerin had no significant effects on total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Also, no significant effects were found in total tract apparent metabolizability (TTAM) coefficient of GE, NR coefficient, DE, ME, and fecal GE losses. Urinary production and GE in urine increased linearly and quadratically, respectively, with increased levels of glycerin in diets. The Gly100Lac0 diet resulted in lower DM TTAD and GE TTAM and higher GE losses in urine and feces compared with Gly0. The nutritional value of glycerin allows its inclusion at up to 100 g kg−1 in diets of weaned piglets without impairing animal performance and metabolism. Also, glycerin can replace 100 g kg−1 of lactose without impairing performance.(AU)
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Animais , Masculino , Suínos/fisiologia , Urina/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Glicerol/análiseRESUMO
There has been substantial interest in phytoestrogens, because of their potential effect in reducing cancer and heart disease risk. Measuring concentrations of phytoestrogens in urine is an alternative method for conducting epidemiological studies. Our objective was to evaluate the urinary excretion of phytoestrogens as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake in Mexican women. Participants were 100 healthy women from 25 to 80 years of age. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24 h recall were used to estimate habitual and recent intakes of isoflavones, lignans, flavonols, coumestrol, resveratrol, naringenin, and luteolin. Urinary concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) using the electrospray ionization interface (ESI) and diode array detector (DAD) (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between dietary intake and urine concentrations. The habitual consumption (FFQ) of total phytoestrogens was 37.56 mg/day. In urine, the higher compounds were naringenin (60.1 µg/L) and enterolactone (41.7 µg/L). Recent intakes (24 h recall) of isoflavones (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), lignans (r = 0.550, p < 0.0001), flavonoids (r = 0.240, p < 0.05), and total phytoestrogens (r = 0.410, p < 0.001) were correlated to their urinary levels. Total phytoestrogen intakes estimated by the FFQ showed higher correlations to urinary levels (r = 0.730, p < 0.0001). Urinary phytoestrogens may be useful as biomarkers of phytoestrogen intake, and as a tool for evaluating the relationship of intake and disease risk in Mexican women.
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Dieta Saudável , Cardiopatias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Fitoestrógenos/administração & dosagem , Fitoestrógenos/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/urina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Feminino , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias/etnologia , Cardiopatias/urina , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/etnologia , Neoplasias/urina , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etnologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/urina , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/urina , Cooperação do Paciente/etnologia , Prevalência , RiscoRESUMO
Two in vivo digestibility trials with sheep were conducted to identify the minimum period length of feeding a new diet to obtain reproducible values of nutritional variables onward and the minimum length of collection period as to obtain maximal precision for each variable. Trial 1 was conducted with ten Polwarth male sheep (34 ± 5 kg body weight (BW)) throughout three 21-day periods, in a completely randomized two-way crossover design. The animals were divided into two groups (Group A and B, n = 5 per group) which were fed ad libitum with a sequence of the following diets throughout the periods: Group A: hay - hay plus concentrate - hay; Group B: hay plus concentrate - hay - hay plus concentrate. The concentrate was included in a proportion of 0.33 of the total diet. The intake, and the faecal and urinary excretion were measured daily throughout the experiment. For evaluating rumen fermentation variables, in Trial 2 four Santa Inês male sheep (65 ± 5 kg BW) fitted with ruminal cannula were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 2 per group), and the trial was conducted through four 21 days experimental period, in a three-way crossover design, using experimental diets and feeding management similar to Trial 1. The results indicated that, even though no clear or consistent steady-state condition was identified for rumen fermentation or urinary excretion variables, the adaptation period for measuring OM digestibility in in vivo trials with sheep fed ad libitum where the diet shifts from one of only hay to another containing concentrate, or vice-versa, should be at least 12 days long. Moreover, although no precision improvement was obtained by increasing the collection period above 1 day for measuring OM digestibility, the minimal length of collection period should be 4 days for measuring faecal excretion variables and 7 days for measuring urinary excretion variables.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Ovinos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Digestão/fisiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the short-term 24 h urinary excretion of platinum, arsenic, selenium, magnesium and zinc in patients with lung cancer and with cancer other than lungs treated with cisplatin or/and carboplatin from Antofagasta, Chile. DESIGN: Urine measurements of Pt and Se were made by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, As by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry and Mg and Zn by means of flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. SETTING: All samples were provided by the Oncological Centre of Antofagasta Regional Hospital (Region of Antofagasta, Chile). PARTICIPANTS: Ninety 24-h urine samples from cancer patients after the infusion of Pt-base drugs and 10 24-h urine samples from cancer patients not treated with metal-base drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of Pt, Se, As, Zn and Mg coming from 24-h urine samples. RESULTS: Pt excreted was not significantly different between patients with lung and other cancers treated with cisplatin. The excretion of Mg, Zn and Se was greater than As. Then, Pt favours the excretion of essential elements. For lung and other types of cancers treated with drugs without Pt, excretion of Mg, Zn and Se was also greater than that of As, suggesting antagonism Mg-Zn-Se-anti-cancer drug relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The amounts of Mg, Zn and Se excreted were greater than for As either with or without Pt-containing drugs, suggesting antagonist Mg-Zn-Se-anti-cancer drug relationships. The excretion of As, Mg, Zn and Se is induced by Pt. Knowledge obtained can contribute to understanding the arsenic cancer mechanism and the As-Mg-Zn-Se-Pt inter-element association for lung cancer and other types of cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: Recent nutritional profiles of dietary intake have indicated a shift from the ancient diet to the Western diet. The ancient diet provided high potassium and low sodium intake, which in turn led to sodium conservation and potassium excretion. This change in the dietary intake is expected to affect potassium and sodium handling in the kidneys. Numerous studies have been done to emphasize the importance of sodium handling by the kidneys and its impact on cardiovascular health . This study will investigate potassium intake and handling, and its impact on the cardiovascular health of a sample of normotensive Afro-Caribbeans by the possible modulation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). METHODS: A sample of 51 normotensive Afro-Caribbean participants was recruited for the study. Participants were observed over a two-day period in which they were given a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor and a container to collect blood pressure data and a 24-hour urine sample. Anthropometric measurements were noted. Urinary electrolytes and supine plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined from the 24-hour urine collection and a blood sample. Dietary potassium intake was estimated based on dietary intake observations, and calculated based on the urinary potassium excretion. SPSS version 19 was used to analyse the data to make inferences. RESULTS: The daily potassium intake was observed to be 2.95 g/day and measured intake from the urinary potassium was between 4.95 and 7.32 g/day. Urinary potassium excretion was 3.66 (± 1.40) g/day. The urinary potassium excretion in the Afro-Caribbean sample in Barbados was higher than the other population samples. The averaged PRA of the participants (supine) was 0.778 (± 1.072) ng/mL/hour. The averaged nocturnal systolic blood pressure dip of the participants was 5.97 (± 4.324) %. There was no significant correlation between urinary potassium excretion, blood pressure, nocturnal systolic blood pressure dip and PRA. CONCLUSIONS: The Afro-Caribbean sample has an inadequate daily potassium intake based on the observed intake and recommended values, with a high urinary excretion of the electrolyte compared to other values in the literature. This high potassium excretion could have been partly due to low plasma renin activity levels in the study participants. As a possible consequence, an increase in the nocturnal peripheral resistance is a likely cause for the diminished systolic dip. The lack of correlations between dietary potassium excretion and the blood pressure parameters does not allow any firm inference of the electrolyte's handling and its impact on cardiovascular health in the normotensive Afro-Caribbean participants. However, further research is needed to get a more accurate daily potassium intake value, and a more statistically robust sample to assess whether potassium handling and blood pressure would be affected by a change in potassium intake.
OBJETIVO: Los perfiles nutricionales recientes de ingesta dietética han indicado un cambio de la dieta antigua a la dieta occidental. La dieta antigua ofrecía un consumo alto de potasio frente a un consumo bajo de sodio, lo que a su vez llevaba a la conservación del sodio y a la excreción del potasio. Se espera que este cambio en la ingesta dietética afecte el manejo del potasio y el sodio en los riñones. Se han realizado numerosos estudios con el fin de enfatizar la importancia del manejo del sodio por los riñones y su impacto en la salud cardiovascular. Este estudio investigará la ingesta y manejo del potasio, y su impacto en la salud cardiovascular de una muestra de normotensos afrocaribeños mediante la posible modulación del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA). MÉTODOS: Una muestra de 51 participantes normotensos afrocaribeños fue reclutada para el estudio. Los participantes fueron puestos bajo observación por un período de dos días, en los que recibieron un monitor ambulatorio para registrar la presión arterial por 24 horas, y un recipiente para recoger los datos de la presión arterial, y una muestra de orina de 24 horas. Se observaron las mediciones antropométricas. Los electrolitos urinarios y la actividad de renina plasmática (ARP) en posición supina, se determinaron a partir de la orina de 24 horas y una muestra de sangre. La ingesta dietética de potasio fue estimada en base a las observaciones hechas de la ingesta dietética, y se calculó a partir de la excreción del potasio urinario. La versión 19 del SPSS fue utilizada para analizar los datos y hacer inferencias. RESULTADOS: Se observó una ingestión diaria de potasio de 2.95 g/día, y la ingestión medida a partir del potasio urinario estuvo entre 4.95 y 7,32 g/día. La excreción del potasio urinario fue 3.66 (± 1.40) g/día. La excreción del potasio urinario en la muestra afrocaribeña en Barbados fue mayor que en las otras poblaciones. La actividad ARP promedio (supina) de los participantes fue 0.778 (± 1.072) ng/mL/hora. La caída nocturna promedio de la presión arterial sistólica de los participantes fue (± 4.324) 5.97%. No hubo ninguna correlación significativa entre la excreción del potasio urinario, la presión arterial, la caída nocturna de la presión arterial sistólica, y la actividad ARP. CONCLUSIONES: Partiendo de la base del consumo observado y los valores recomendados, la muestra afrocaribeña presenta una ingesta diaria inadecuada de potasio, con una alta excreción urinaria de electrólito, en comparación con otros valores en la literatura. Esta elevada excreción de potasio podría haberse debido en parte a niveles bajos de actividad de renina plasmática en los participantes del estudio. Una posible consecuencia es el aumento de la resistencia periférica nocturna como causa probable del descenso sistólico. La falta de correlación entre los parámetros de la presión arterial y la excreción de potasio dietético no permite ninguna inferencia sólida del manejo del electrólito y su impacto sobre la salud cardiovascular en los normotensos afrocaribeños participantes. Sin embargo, es necesario investigar más a fin de obtener un valor más exacto de la ingesta diaria de potasio y una muestra estadísticamente más sólida para evaluar si el manejo del potasio y la presión arterial podrían ser afectados por un cambio en la ingesta de potasio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Potássio/urina , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Sódio/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Potássio na Dieta , Recomendações Nutricionais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and school-aged children in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators. METHODS: DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs, and CDI indexes were applied. Fluoride urinary excretion and fluoride concentrations in home water, table salt, bottled water, bottled drinks, and toothpaste were determined. RESULTS: Schoolchildren presented fluorosis (CDI = 0.96) and dental caries (DMFT = 2.64 and DMFS = 3.97). Preschoolers presented dmft = 4.85 and dmfs = 8.80. DMFT and DMFS were lower in children with mild to moderate dental fluorosis (DF). Variable fluoride concentrations were found in the analyzed products (home water = 0.18-0.44 ppm F, table salt = 0-485 ppm F, bottled water = 0.18-0.47 ppm F, juices = 0.08-1.42 ppm F, nectars = 0.07-1.30 ppm F, bottled drinks = 0.10-1.70 ppm F, toothpaste = 0-2,053 ppm F). Mean daily fluoride excretion was 422 ± 176 µg/24 h for schoolchildren and 367 ± 150 µg/24 h for preschoolers. CONCLUSIONS: Data from our study show that, despite values of excretion within an optimal fluoride intake range, the prevalence of caries was significant in both groups, and 60% of the 11- to 12-year-old children presented with dental fluorosis. In addition, variable fluoride concentrations in products frequently consumed by children were found.
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Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Fluoretos/análise , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Bebidas/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/urina , Feminino , Fluoretos/urina , Fluorose Dentária/urina , Humanos , Masculino , México , Prevalência , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/análise , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cremes Dentais/química , Água/químicaRESUMO
Functional foods (FF) are aimed to exert beneficial health effects. The isoflavones daidzein and genistein are bioactive phytoestrogens that may act as functional food ingredients. This study measured urinary excretion of these isoflavones contained in a powdered novel FF oriented to the elderly population, ready to consume as such or included into culinary preparations. The ingredients containing isoflavones were soybean flour, soybean protein (Glycine max L) and red clover extract (Trifolium pratense L). The study involved 30 volunteers of both sexes, 60 to 75 years old, who consumed 50 g of FF (n=16) or placebo food without isoflavones (n=14). The 24-hour urinary excretion of genistein and daidzein were determined before and after the intake of the mentioned foods by HPLC with diode array detector. The 24-h urinary concentration of genistein was 2.06+1.41 ppm and the daidzein concentration was 8.80 +/- 4.55 ppm. None of the individuals in the placebo group exhibited detectable amounts of isoflavones in urine. The study demonstrates that both phytoestrogens contained in the FF are bioavailable, first step to confirm their ability to exert bioactive effects. The study opens the possibility to verify the effects of both isoflavones to reduce risk factors of non transmissible chronically diseases.
Los alimentos funcionales (AF) ejercen efectos beneficiosos en la salud. Las isoflavonas daidzeína y genisteína son fitoestrógenos bioactivos que pueden actuar como ingredientes alimentarios funcionales. En este trabajo se evalúa la excreción urinaria de 24 horas de estas isoflavonas contenidas en un nuevo AF en polvo, de preparación instantánea, para ser consumido solo o incorporado en preparaciones, especialmente orientado a adultos mayores. Los ingredientes aportadores de isoflavonas son harina de soya, proteína de soya (Glycine max L.) y extracto de trébol rojo (Trifoliumpratense L.). El estudio se realizó en 30 voluntarios seleccionados de ambos sexos, de 60 a 75 años, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, que consumieron una porción de 50 g de alimento funcional (n=16) o alimento placebo sin ingredientes aportadores de isoflavonas (n=14). La excreción urinaria de daidzeína y genisteína se determinó en la orina de 24 horas antes de la ingesta y posterior a la ingestión del alimento, y fueron cuantificadas por HPLC con detector de arreglo de diodo. La concentración urinaria de genisteína fue 2,06 +/- 1,41 ppm y la de daidzeína fue 8,80 +/- 4,55 ppm. En el grupo placebo las isoflavonas no fueron detectadas en la orina. El estudio muestra que las isoflavonas ingeridas a través del AF son biodisponibles, primer paso para poner en evidencia su carácter bioactivo. El trabajo abre la posibilidad de verificar los efectos de las isoflavonas contenidas en estos AF sobre la disminución del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alimento Funcional , Isoflavonas/farmacocinética , Isoflavonas/urina , Disponibilidade Biológica , Genisteína/farmacocinética , Genisteína/urinaRESUMO
To study the effects of different doses of furosemide on the urinary excretion of water and electrolytes 16 healthy steers were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and treated, intravenously, as follow: control (10mL of isotonic saline); 1; 2 and 3mg kg-1 BW of furosemide. For the next 4h, the urinary volume was measured and blood samples were taken to calculate the urinary excretion ratio. Furosemide increased the urinary volume by four fold, with higher effect with 2 and 3mg than 1mg, mainly in the 1st and 2nd hour of treatment. Furosemide did not change the glomerular filtration rate, but decreased significantly the tubular reabsortion of water, sodium, and at lower level of potassium, causing the diuresis. The osmolality was decreased about 28% in either doses of furosemide. For practical use 2mg kg-1 BW of furosemide should be adopted for diuretic effect in cattle.(AU)
Dezesseis bovinos hígidos foram utilizados para estudar o efeito de diferentes doses de furosemida sobre a função renal, com destaque na excreção urinária de água e de alguns eletrólitos. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos iguais e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (10mL de salina isotônica); 1; 2 e 3mg de furosemida kg-1 PV aplicados por via intravenosa. Nas quatro horas seguintes, foram coletados todo o volume urinário e amostras de sangue a cada hora, para a determinação de vários índices urinários. A furosemida aumentou o volume urinário em média mais de quatro vezes, nas doses de 2 e 3mg kg-1, comparadas à de 1mg kg-1, principalmente nas primeiras duas horas de ação. Não existiu diferença na taxa de filtração glomerular, mas uma marcante diminuição na reabsorção tubular de água e sódio e, em menor grau, de potássio, explicando a diurese. A osmolaridade decresceu cerca de 28% em todas as doses de furosemida. Os dados indicam que a melhor dose para promover efeitos diuréticos da furosemida em ruminantes deve ser a de 2mg kg-1 PV.(AU)
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Animais , Bovinos , Glomérulos Renais , Anticoagulantes , Taxa de Depuração MetabólicaRESUMO
This study was carried out to evaluate the use of creatinine as an indicator of urinary production in sheep. Total creatinine urinary excretion was determined based on data and samples collected from four digestibility experiments previously conducted with lambs maintained in metabolic cages. In all experiments total urinary production was collected during five days in each animal and experimental period. Additionally, in one experiment, urine samples were taken at intervals of two hours during a 24 hours period. Total excretion of creatinine (mean of 660mg day-1) was different among experiments (P 0.01) and animals (P 0.01). The daily excretion as proportion of body weight (mean of 23,2mg kg-1 live weight) was different only among experiments (P 0.01), but was similar among the animals and periods and treatments (P>0.05). In the other hand, the urinary concentration of creatinine was different among experiments (P 0.01), animals (P 0.01) and periods (P 0.05). There were also differences among sampling times through a 24 hours period (P 0.01). The estimate of urinary production based on urinary concentrations of creatinine in spot samples, may be reliable only if, at least in one animal, representative of experimental group, total urine collection be carried out to measure the mean daily excretion of creatinine relative to body weigh. Moreover, spot samples should be collected in different times to constitute a composite sample representative of a 24 hours period.
Este estudo foi conduzido para determinar a excreção diária de creatinina e verificar o potencial de seu uso como indicador da produção urinária em ovinos. A medida da excreção urinária total de creatinina foi feita com base em dados e em amostras obtidas de quatro experimentos de digestibilidade conduzidos previamente com ovinos mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. Em todos os experimentos, foi feita a coleta diária total de urina durante cinco dias em cada período experimental. Adicionalmente, em um dos experimentos, foram coletadas amostras de urina dos animais de duas em duas horas durante um período de 24 horas. A excreção total de creatinina (média de 660mg dia-1) foi diferente entre experimentos (P 0,01) e entre animais (P 0,01). A excreção diária como proporção do peso corporal (média 23,2mg kg-1 de peso vivo) foi diferente entre experimentos (P 0,01), mas semelhante entre animais, tratamentos e períodos (P>0,05). Por sua vez, a concentração de creatinina na urina foi diferente entre os experimentos (P 0,01), animais (P 0,01), períodos (P 0,05) e também nos diferentes horários de um período de 24 horas (P 0,01). A estimativa da produção urinária dos animais, com base na concentração de creatinina em amostras pontuais de urina, pode ser confiável somente se, em pelo menos um animal representativo de um grupo experimental, for realizada coleta total de urina para medida de excreção média desse metabólito por unidade de peso corporal. Além disso, amostras pontuais de urina devem ser coletadas em diferentes horários para constituir uma amostra composta representativa de um ciclo de 24 horas.
RESUMO
This study was carried out to evaluate the use of creatinine as an indicator of urinary production in sheep. Total creatinine urinary excretion was determined based on data and samples collected from four digestibility experiments previously conducted with lambs maintained in metabolic cages. In all experiments total urinary production was collected during five days in each animal and experimental period. Additionally, in one experiment, urine samples were taken at intervals of two hours during a 24 hours period. Total excretion of creatinine (mean of 660mg day-1) was different among experiments (P 0.01) and animals (P 0.01). The daily excretion as proportion of body weight (mean of 23,2mg kg-1 live weight) was different only among experiments (P 0.01), but was similar among the animals and periods and treatments (P>0.05). In the other hand, the urinary concentration of creatinine was different among experiments (P 0.01), animals (P 0.01) and periods (P 0.05). There were also differences among sampling times through a 24 hours period (P 0.01). The estimate of urinary production based on urinary concentrations of creatinine in spot samples, may be reliable only if, at least in one animal, representative of experimental group, total urine collection be carried out to measure the mean daily excretion of creatinine relative to body weigh. Moreover, spot samples should be collected in different times to constitute a composite sample representative of a 24 hours period.
Este estudo foi conduzido para determinar a excreção diária de creatinina e verificar o potencial de seu uso como indicador da produção urinária em ovinos. A medida da excreção urinária total de creatinina foi feita com base em dados e em amostras obtidas de quatro experimentos de digestibilidade conduzidos previamente com ovinos mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. Em todos os experimentos, foi feita a coleta diária total de urina durante cinco dias em cada período experimental. Adicionalmente, em um dos experimentos, foram coletadas amostras de urina dos animais de duas em duas horas durante um período de 24 horas. A excreção total de creatinina (média de 660mg dia-1) foi diferente entre experimentos (P 0,01) e entre animais (P 0,01). A excreção diária como proporção do peso corporal (média 23,2mg kg-1 de peso vivo) foi diferente entre experimentos (P 0,01), mas semelhante entre animais, tratamentos e períodos (P>0,05). Por sua vez, a concentração de creatinina na urina foi diferente entre os experimentos (P 0,01), animais (P 0,01), períodos (P 0,05) e também nos diferentes horários de um período de 24 horas (P 0,01). A estimativa da produção urinária dos animais, com base na concentração de creatinina em amostras pontuais de urina, pode ser confiável somente se, em pelo menos um animal representativo de um grupo experimental, for realizada coleta total de urina para medida de excreção média desse metabólito por unidade de peso corporal. Além disso, amostras pontuais de urina devem ser coletadas em diferentes horários para constituir uma amostra composta representativa de um ciclo de 24 horas.