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This research addresses the impact of illicit drug use on labour market outcomes of men in Mexico. We leverage statistical information from three waves of a comparable national survey and make use of the Lewbel's heteroskedasticity-based instrumental variable strategy to deal with the endogeneity of the drug consumption. Our results suggests that drug consumption has fairly negative effects in the Mexican context: it reduces employment, occupational attainment and formality and raises unemployment of local males. These effects seem larger than those estimated for high-income economies.

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Objective: This study aims to determine variables associated with multiple rehospitalizations in a women's hospitalization Unit in a Psychiatric Emergency Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Method: In this an analytical, cross-sectional study 350 patients between 18 and 65 years of age, hospitalized from 2013 to December 2017 in the women's hospitalization room of the Psychiatric Emergency Hospital "Torcuato de Alvear" were included. At the time of discharge, sociodemographic, clinical and discharge conditions data were collected from all patients. Multiple hospitalizations were defined as having had 3 or more prior life-time. For continuous variables, t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in cases of normal distribution, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test in cases of asymmetric distribution. The qualitative variables were analyzed through the chi-square test with continuity correction. The association between variables was evaluated through Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients as appropriate. Results: The variables associated with multiple rehospitalizations were: the Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, being under treatment at the time of admission, as well as housing precariousness, lack of work and economic autonomy. Conclusion: Representative variables of social and economic vulnerability were associated with the use of psychiatric inpatient beds. Public policies are needed to interrupt the relationship between poverty and mental pathology.

OBJETIVO: Este trabajo busca determinar las variables asociadas a las rehospitalizaciones múltiples en una sala de internación de mujeres, del Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas "Torcuato de Alvear" de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. MÉTODO: El presente es un estudio analítico, de tipo transversal, en el que se incluyeron consecutivamente 350 pacientes de entre 18 y 65 años, hospitalizadas desde 2013 hasta diciembre de 2017 en la sala de internación de mujeres de dicho hospital. Al momento del alta se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y sobre las condiciones de externación de todas las pacientes. Se definió internaciones múltiples al haber tenido 3 o más internaciones previas al momento de la actual internación. Para variables continuas se realizó test t o el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) en casos de distribución normal, y test de Mann- Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis en casos de distribución asimétrica. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron a través del test de chi-cuadrado con corrección de continuidad. La asociación entre variables se evaluó a través de los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson o Spearman según corresponda. RESULTADOS: Las variables asociadas con reinternaciones múltiples fueron: el diagnóstico de Trastorno Bipolar, encontrarse realizando tratamiento al ingreso, así como la precariedad habitacional, la falta de trabajo y de autonomía económica. CONCLUSIÓN: Las variables representativas de vulnerabilidad social y económica se asociaron con la utilización de camas de  internación psiquiátrica. Son necesarias políticas públicas que permitan interrumpir la relación entre pobreza y patología mental.

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In this paper, the short-term and long-term effects of macroeconomic variables on socio-economic indicators of agricultural sector, including price index, rural unemployment and gross domestic product (GDP) over the first to six government development programs were investigated. The auto-regressive distributed lag approach (ARDL) was used. The results showed that in the short run, inflation rate with a delay has a significant and negative effect on employment in the agricultural sector and increases the level of rural unemployment. The findings suggest that the effects of liquidity and inflation rate in the short run on the GDP are negative and government spending in the short run has a positive effect on the agricultural price index. In the long run, the effect of these variables on agricultural inflation is similar to the short term, but with the difference that the elasticities were larger.

Neste artigo, foram investigados os efeitos de curto e longo prazo das variáveis macroeconômicas sobre os indicadores socioeconômicos do setor agrícola, incluindo índice de preços, desemprego rural e produto interno bruto (PIB) sobre os primeiros seis programas de desenvolvimento do governo. Foi utilizada a abordagem de atraso distribuído autorregressivo (ARDL). Os resultados mostraram que no curto prazo a taxa de inflação com atraso tem um efeito significativo e negativo sobre o emprego no setor agrícola e aumenta o nível de desemprego rural. Os resultados sugerem que os efeitos da liquidez e da taxa de inflação no curto prazo sobre o PIB são negativos e os gastos do governo no curto prazo têm efeito positivo sobre o índice de preços agrícolas. No longo prazo, o efeito dessas variáveis ​​sobre a inflação agrícola é semelhante ao de curto prazo, mas com a diferença de que as elasticidades foram maiores.

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The importance of food (in)security has been one of the United Nations Sustainable Development's main goals. Over 828 million people worldwide cannot acquire enough food to meet the minimum daily dietary energy requirements (undernourished). Therefore, the present study examines the factors that affect the number of undernourished people in Colombia by assessing macroeconomic data for the period 2000-2021 including gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, unemployment, and inflation rates. A quantitative, empirical, correlation design was used to examine and describe the relationship among the variables. The findings showed that the proposed variables presented the correct signs, were statistically significant, and were in line with the economic theory Thus, the study concluded that although income shocks brought on by inflation and unemployment undoubtedly impact household food (in)security, other factors must also be considered for policy and practice to effectively reduce food insecurity for households.

La importancia de la (in)seguridad alimentaria ha sido uno de los principales objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas y más de 820 millones de personas en el mundo no pueden adquirir suficientes alimentos para satisfacer los requerimientos mínimos diarios de energía dietética (subalimentadas). Por lo tanto, el presente estudio examina los factores que afectan el número de personas subalimentadas en Colombia mediante la evaluación de datos macroeconómicos para el período 2000-2021, incluido el producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita, el desempleo y las tasas de inflación. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, empírico y correlacional, para examinar y describir la relación entre las variables. Los hallazgos mostraron que las variables propuestas presentaron los signos correctos, fueron estadísticamente significativas y de acuerdo con el propuesto por la teoría económica. Por lo tanto, el estudio concluyó que, si bien los impactos en los ingresos causados por la inflación y el desempleo indudablemente afectan la inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares, también es importante considerar otros factores en los esfuerzos de políticas y prácticas para mitigar la inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares.

A importância da (in)segurança alimentar tem sido um dos principais objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas e mais de 820 milhões de pessoas no mundo não podem adquirir alimentos suficientes para atender às necessidades energéticas diárias mínimas (subalimentadas). Por tanto o presente estudo examina os fatores que afetam o número de pessoas subalimentadas na Colômbia, avaliando dados macroeconômicos para o período 2000-2021, incluindo produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita, desemprego e taxas de inflação. Um desenho quantitativo, empírico e de correlação foi usado para examinar e descrever a relação entre as variáveis. Os achados mostraram que as variáveis propostas apresentaram os sinais corretos, foram estatisticamente significativas e em consonância com a teoria econômica. Assim, o estudo concluiu que, embora os choques de renda causados pela inflação e pelo desemprego indubitavelmente afetem a insegurança alimentar das famílias, outros fatores também são importantes a serem considerados nos esforços de políticas e práticas para mitigar a insegurança alimentar das famílias.

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La búsqueda de empleo usando los contactos sociales a pesar de ser una práctica común, en ocasiones no genera los resultados esperados. Con el objetivo de comprobar lo anterior; en este documento se configuran las redes de contactos sociales de un grupo de jóvenes que viven en contextos de marginalidad y violencia de las comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 y 20 de Cali que participaron en el programa denominado Tratamiento Integral a Pandillas - Jóvenes Sin Fronteras (TIP-JSF), un proceso de intervención psicosocial desde una perspectiva integral que promovía la inclusión social. Las redes de contactos sociales halladas a través de una encuesta se caracterizan por ser pequeñas y cerradas, aumentando la probabilidad de que quienes las conforman, presenten el mismo estado laboral: desempleo o informalidad laboral. Es clave, entonces, que las/os jóvenes amplíen sus contactos para que los vinculen con otros que les puedan brindar información de mejores vacantes laborales.

The search for employment using social contacts, despite being a common practice, sometimes does not generate the expected results. In order to verify the above, this paper describes the social contact networks of a group of young people living in contexts of marginality and violence in Cali's communes 1, 14, 16, 18 and 20 who participated in the program called Integral Treatment for Gangs - Youth Without Borders (TIP-JSF), a process of psychosocial intervention from an integral perspective that promoted social inclusion. The social networks found through a survey are characterized by being small and closed, increasing the likelihood that those who make up these networks have the same employment status: unemployment or informal employment. It is essential for young people to expand their contacts and link them with other contacts that can provide them with information on better job vacancies.

A busca de emprego usando contatos sociais, apesar de ser uma prática comum, às vezes não gera os resultados esperados. Para verificar isso, este artigo descreve as redes de contatos sociais de um grupo de jovens que vivem em contextos de marginalidade e violência nas comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 e 20 de Cali e que participaram do programa chamado Tratamento Integral para Gangues - Jovens Sem Fronteiras (TIP-JSF), um processo de intervenção psicossocial de uma perspectiva holística que promoveu a inclusão social. As redes sociais encontradas por meio de uma pesquisa são caracterizadas por serem pequenas e fechadas, aumentando a probabilidade de que aqueles que as formam tenham a mesma situação de emprego: desemprego ou emprego informal. É fundamental, portanto, que os jovens ampliem seus contatos para conectá-los a outras pessoas que possam lhes fornecer informações sobre melhores vagas de emprego.

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O estudo analisa perspectivas de inserção no mercado de trabalho para profissionais que concluem o ensino superior no Brasil. Desse modo, comparara a evolução no número de pessoas que concluíram o ensino superior em relação a capacidade de absorção do mercado de trabalho. Sinaliza dificuldades relativas aos movimentos associados as crises econômicas e, também decorrentes das características dos processos de formação oferecidos nos cursos de nível superior. Por fim indica que elementos como a recente crise econômica e a desregulamentação do mercado de trabalho em 2017 contribuem também para esse processo.(AU)

The study analyzes prospects for insertion in the labor market for professionals who complete higher education in Brazil. Thus, it intends to compare the evolution in the number of people who have completed higher education in relation to the absorption capacity of the labor market. It aims to signal difficulties related to the movements associated with economic crises and, also resulting from the characteristics of the training processes offered in higher education courses. Finally, it indicates that elements such as the recent economic crisis and the deregulation of the labor market in 2017 also contribute to this process.(AU)

El estudio analiza las perspectivas de inserción en el mercado laboral de profesionales que completan la educación superior en Brasil. De esta forma, comparamos la evolución del número de personas que completaron la educación superior en relación con la capacidad de absorción del mercado laboral. Señala dificultades relacionadas con movimientos asociados a crisis económicas y también derivadas de las características de los procesos de formación ofrecidos en los cursos de educación superior. Finalmente, indica que elementos como la reciente crisis económica y la desregulación del mercado laboral en 2017 también contribuyen a este proceso.(AU)

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(analítico) En Chile, actualmente la población categorizada como jóvenes que ni estudian ni trabajan (conocidos como nini) asciende a cerca de medio millón de personas, lo que presenta un desafío en la orientación de estrategias que les permitan insertarse en el mercado del trabajo o continuar sus estudios. Esta investigación tiene por finalidad determinar los factores que influyen en la transición de la escolaridad al trabajo en la población de jóvenes chilenos, por medio de modelos probabilísticos a partir de datos representativos a nivel nacional. Los resultados muestran que son determinantes la pobreza, la existencia de menores en el hogar, el género y la paternidad o maternidad adolescente. Se establecen algunas estrategias y se hace hincapié en continuar el estudio considerando la multitud de factores que están involucrados.

(analytical) In Chile, the population currently categorized as young people who neither study nor work (known as NEETs) is nearly half a million people, which presents a challenge in terms of developing policies that allow them to enter the labor market or continue their studies. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the transition from school to work for the population of young Chileans using probabilistic models based on nationally representative data. The results show that poverty, the existence of children in households, gender and adolescent parenthood are determining factors. Some strategies are highlighted and an emphasis is placed on the need to continue research in this area, taking into account the multitude of factors involved.

(analítico) No Chile, a população actualmente classificada como jovens que não estudam nem trabalham (doravante, NEM-NEM) ascende a quase meio milhão de pessoas, o que representa um desafio em termos de orientação de políticas que lhes permitam entrar no mercado de trabalho ou continuar os seus estudos. O objectivo deste estudo é determinar os fatores que influenciam a transição da escola para o trabalho na população de jovens chilenos, utilizando modelos probabilísticos baseados em dados representativos a nível nacional. Os resultados mostram que a pobreza, a existência de menores no lar, o gênero e a paternidade adolescente são fatores determinantes. Algumas estratégias são delineadas e a ênfase é colocada em estudos mais aprofundados, considerando a multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos.

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A adaptabilidade de carreira é um construto psicossocial que se refere aos recursos do indivíduo para lidar com as tarefas de transição de carreira. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há diferenças nos quatro recursos de adaptabilidade de carreira em relação ao sexo, escolaridade, situação laboral e relações de trabalho. A amostra contou com 890 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 67 anos (M = 33,98; DP = 10,49), sendo 66,4% do sexo feminino. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Adaptabilidade de Carreira. Os resultados sugerem que há diferenças significativas em relação as variáveis abordadas, com exceção do sexo. Pessoas com maior nível de escolaridade, que estejam empregadas e que possuam uma relação de trabalho como trabalhadores liberais, apresentam maiores níveis de adaptabilidade de carreira. Desta forma, este estudo indica que a adaptabilidade de carreira está relacionada positivamente com desfechos da carreira, o que sugere que intervenções capazes de promover adaptabilidade de carreira, poderão estar indiretamente contribuindo para uma maior empregabilidade dos clientes.

Career adaptability is a psychosocial construct that refers to an individual's resources to handle career transition tasks. The aim of this study was to verify if there are differences in the four career adaptability features in relation to gender, educational level, employment status and work regime. The sample consisted of 890 participants, aged between 18 and 67 years (M = 33.98; SD = 10.49), being 66.4% female. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Career Adaptability Scale were used. The results suggest there are significant differences regarding the variables approached, except for gender. Since people with higher education levels, who are employed and who have a working regime as liberal workers, have higher levels of career adaptability. Thus, this study indicates that career adaptability is positively related to career outcomes, suggesting that interventions capable of promoting career adaptability may indirectly contribute to greater employability of clients.

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Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a negative effect on employment status. Objective To present the preliminary results of a special questionnaire designed to collect employment information on patients with MS. Methods The questionnaire on the impact of MS on employment status was completed by 63 patients. Fatigue, cognition, and depression were also evaluated, and 33 healthy participants were recruited as a control group. Results Regarding the patients' employment status, we found rates of 31.7% of fulltime employment, 28.6% of part-time employment, 7.9% of unemployment due to MS, 4.8% of housewives, 1.6% retirement due to age, 15.9% of retirement due to disability, 7.9% of medical leave due to MS, and 1.6% of medical leave for other reasons. The rate of unemployment among the patients was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. Out of 38 working patients, 31% had been absent from work for the previous 3 months due to MS, and 50% had to make changes in their work to remain employed. Out of the 19 unemployed patients, 78% said that walking difficulties were the cause of unemployment, while 52% thought cognitive impairment was the cause. Conclusions The questionnaire provides a record of the employment status of patients with MS and describes the impact on work from their point of view.

Resumo Antecedentes A esclerose múltipla (EM) tem um efeito negativo na situação laboral. Objetivo Apresentar os resultados preliminares de um questionário elaborado para coletar informações sobre a situação laboral de pacientes com EM. Métodos O questionário sobre o impacto da EM na situação laboral foi preenchido por 63 pacientes. Fadiga, cognição e depressão também foram avaliadas, e 33 pacientes saudáveis foram incluídos como grupo controle. Resultados Quanto à situação laboral dos pacientes, foram encontradas taxas de 31,7% de emprego em tempo integral, 28,6% de emprego em meio período, 7,9% de desemprego por EM, 4,8% de donas de casa, 1,6% aposentadoria por idade, 15,9% de aposentadoria por invalidez, 7,9% por licença médica por EM, e 1,6% de licença médica por outros motivos. A taxa de desemprego entre os pacientes foi significativamente mais alta em comparação coma do grupo controle. Dos 38 pacientes empregados, 31% tiveram que se afastar do trabalho nos 3 meses anteriores por causa da EM, e 50% tiveram que fazer mudanças em seu trabalho para permanecer empregado. Dos 19 pacientes desempregados, 78% mencionaram que as dificuldades de locomoção foram a causa do desemprego, enquanto 52% reportaram que a deterioração cognitiva foi a causa. Conclusões Este questionário fornece um registro da situação laboral dos pacientes com EM e descreve o seu impacto no emprego do ponto de vista deles.

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Resumen. Objetivo: interpretar las tensiones de identidad masculina en hombres sin empleo con familia. Método: estudio de caso cualitativo desde la perspectiva de Yin, a través de entrevistas a profundidad con énfasis biográfico narrativo a cinco hombres bogotanos, mediante muestreo por fases así: bola de nieve, propositivo y a conveniencia; se realizó análisis temático previa codificación abierta. Resultados: el desempleo en los hombres reconfigura su identidad masculina socialmente construida, genera tensiones en sus relaciones familiares, impacta los mandatos de la masculinidad como proveedor y protector con la responsabilidad de conseguir ingreso para contribuir económicamente a la familia. Conclusiones: el desempleo en los hombres desencadena formas valorativas en su identidad genérica; genera tensión al percibir perdida del rol de proveedor, protector y guía, devela vulnerabilidad emocional que invita a proponer estrategias de salud mental para acompañar a estos varones.

Abstrat. Objective: interpret male identity tensions in unemployed men with family. Method: qualitative case study from the perspective of Yin, through in-depth interviews with narrative biographical emphasis to five young men, by means of sampling by phases like this: snowball, proactive and at convenience; thematic analysis was carried out after open coding. Results: Unemployment in men reconfigures their socially constructed male identity, generates tensions in their family relationships and impacts the mandates of masculinity as a provider and protector with the responsibility of obtaining income to contribute financially to the family. Conclusions: unemployment in men triggers value forms in their generic identity; generates tension by perceiving loss of the role of provider, protector and guide, unveils emotional vulnerability that invites to propose mental health strategies to accompany these men.

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This paper presents data for the application of the vulnerability model in economically depressed areas, through social, economic and capacity variables, with the objective of promoting public policies that contribute to the economic development of the territory and its integration into the labor market [1]. We used the family and housing databases of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Characterization Survey of the community of San Juan in the city of Manta [2]. The study population comprises the inhabitants of Sitio San Juan in the city of Manta, due to the conditions of exclusion due to the negative evaluations of the place (oxidation ponds, municipal slaughterhouse, garbage dump, coal processing, among others), and due to "the scarce existence of databases of vulnerable sectors in the province of Manabí" [3], considering that the last national census was conducted in 2010. As for the sample design, the census-type sweep technique was applied. The data set helps to determine the vulnerability conditions of the territory, for the application of the proposed model; in addition, these data can be used to analyze the determinants of the conditions of unemployment, underemployment and poverty in which the inhabitants of the sector live. Likewise, they can be complemented with future research in regions with similar characteristics in Ecuador or other territories to promote public policies that allow them to improve their living conditions and encourage public or private investment for the generation of employment and poverty reduction.

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Resumen El panorama del mercado laboral para los Contadores Públicos recién egresados en Villavicencio-Meta evidencia una escasez de oferta laboral y una desfavorable tasa en los ingresos que obtienen al incursionar al mundo laboral. Panorama no muy alentador que se acrecienta por la informalidad empresarial y la existencia de Pymes que aún no han realizado convergencia a estándares internacionales de contabilidad, limitando la brecha de posibilidades de ingresar al campo laboral. Siendo la Contaduría Publica una profesión liberal, se infiere que este deberá generar empoderamiento profesional, que le permita ejercer de forma independiente en un futuro pudiendo escalar o ubicarse de conformidad con la teoría del cuadrante de flujo de dinero de Kiyosaki en Empleado (E), Auto Empleado (A), Dueño de empresa (D) e Inversionista (I).

Abstract The labor market panorama for recently graduated Public Accountants in Villavicencio, Meta evidences a shortage of labor supply and an unfavorable rate in the income they obtain when entering the labor market. This is not a very encouraging panorama that is increased by the business informality and the existence of SMEs that have not yet made convergence to international accounting standards, limiting the gap of possibilities to enter the labor field. Since Public Accountancy is a liberal profession, it is inferred that it should generate professional empowerment, which will allow them to practice it independently in the future, by being able to climb or be located according to Kiyosakiıs cash flow quadrant theory in Employee (E), Self-Employed (SE), Business Owner (BO) and Investor (I).

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OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and investigate potential associations of unemployment, need of financial assistance and health-related quality of life in adult patients with childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE). METHODS: In this multicenter cross-sectional retrospective cohort study including cSLE adult patients, questionnaires were applied evaluating demographic characteristics, medical history, treatment, receipt of government financial assistance, work status, quality of life, economic classification, disease activity, and damage accrual. Disease activity and disease damage were measured at the study visit. RESULTS: Sixty-nine cSLE patients with a median age of 21 years from two Brazilian tertiary centers were included (median disease duration 9 years). Twenty-eight (40.6%) patients were unemployed and 16 (23.2%) were receiving financial assistance or retirement pension. Work unemployment was associated with higher damage scores (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.09, p = 0.024), and the need of financial assistance was associated with longer disease duration (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.31, p = 0.045) and worse economic score (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99, p = 0.038). Emotional health and body image perception were the most compromised domains of quality of life but showed no association with disease parameters. Disease activity, on the other hand, was inversely associated with symptoms scores (ß = -1.377, p = 0.014) and scores of adverse effects of medications (ß = -1.286, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: cSLE is a disease with severe outcomes and high social burden that profoundly impacts patients. Damage accrual is a major contributor to unemployment during adulthood and its prevention must be central in the management of cSLE.

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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 disease has changed people's work and income. While recent evidence has documented the adverse impact of these changes on mental health outcomes, most research is focused on frontline healthcare workers and the reported association between income loss and mental health comes from high-income countries. In this study we examine the impact of changes in working conditions and income loss related to the COVID-19 lockdown on workers' mental health in Argentina. We also explore the role of psychological detachment from work and work-family interaction in mental health. METHODS: A total of 1049 participants aged between 18 and 65 who were working before the national lockdown in March 2020 were recruited using a national random telephone survey. Work conditions included: working at the usual workplace during the pandemic, working from home with flexible or fixed schedules, and being unemployed or unable to work due to the pandemic. Measures of financial hardship included income loss and self-reported financial problems related to the outbreak. Work-family interface included measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Mental health outcomes included burnout, life satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data were collected in October 2020. RESULTS: Home-based telework under fixed schedules and unemployment impact negatively on mental health. Income loss and particularly self-reported financial problems were also associated with deterioration of mental health. More than half of the participants reported financial problems, and those who became unemployed during the pandemic experienced more often financial problems. Finally, psychological detachment from work positively influenced mental health; WFC and FWC were found to negatively impact on mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Countries' policies should focus on supporting workers facing economic hardships and unemployment to ameliorate the COVID-19' negative impact on mental health. Organisations can protect employees' mental health by actively encouraging psychological detachment from work and by help managing work-family interface. Longitudinal studies are needed to more thoroughly assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19-related changes in work and economic turndown on mental health issues.

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Resumo A atual crise do capitalismo apresenta um caráter múltiplo: econômico, financeiro, social, ambiental, cultural e político. No Brasil, a gravidade da crise não é diferente, podendo ser explicada como resultado do esgotamento do modelo neodesenvolvimentista, bem como de sua incapacidade de resistir à crise mundial. Este estudo compara o coeficiente de mortalidade (CM) por suicídio de acordo com a situação de ocupação dos brasileiros em período anterior e durante a crise econômica. Para isso, foram utilizados os registros de óbitos da população brasileira no período de 2011 a 2016. Os resultados mostram que, entre os desempregados, o CM por suicídio se reduziu de 2,66 óbitos/100 mil, em 2011, para 2,46, em 2016, enquanto, entre os ocupados, aumentou de 5,52 para 6,89 óbitos/100 mil no mesmo período. Compreende-se a complexidade e a multicausalidade da ocorrência do suicídio, sabendo que é um fenômeno socialmente determinado, inclusive pelas estratégias que aumentam a exploração da força de trabalho. Com efeito, estar ocupado, laboralmente, pode ter maior impacto negativo sobre a saúde mental de trabalhadores/as do que estar desempregado.

Abstract The current crisis of capitalism has multiple economic, financial, social, environmental, cultural and political facets. In Brazil, the severity of the crisis is no different, resulting from the exhaustion of the neo-developmentalist model and its inability to resist global crisis. This study compares suicide mortality rates (MR) among employed and unemployed persons in Brazil prior to and during the economic crisis using death records from the period 2011 to 2016. The findings show that in the period 2011 to 2016 the suicide MR fell from 2.66/100,000 to 2.46 among unemployed persons and increased from 5.52/100,000 to 6.89/100,000 in employed persons. Suicide is a complex, multi-causal phenomenon determined by a diverse range of social factors, including strategies that increase worker exploitation. Indeed, being employed can have a greater negative impact on the mental health of workers than being unemployed.

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O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sofrimento psíquico dos trabalhadores em situação de desemprego atendidos pelo Sistema Nacional do Empregado - SINE Municipal de Porto Velho - RO. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo, descritiva e transversal, com 50 trabalhadores em situação de desemprego. Aplicou-se uma entrevista sociodemográfica e o teste Self-Reporting Questionnaire - SRQ-20. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição. A amostra constituiu-se de 60% do sexo masculino e 40% do sexo feminino, 14% deles estavam a mais de um ano sem emprego e 84% estavam fazendo "bicos". Observou-se a prevalência de transtorno mental comum (TMC) em 50% dos trabalhadores, 75% apresentam humor depressivo/ansioso, 52% demonstram decréscimo de energia vital, 35% aparecem sintomas somáticos e 34% manifestam pensamentos depressivos. Os resultados demonstram elevadas prevalências de TMC e sintomas depressivos, ansiosos e somatoformes entre os trabalhadores em situação de desemprego no SINE. Conclui-se que, é importante direcionar ações de prevenção e enfrentamento ao cuidado com a saúde dos trabalhadores no estado.

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychic suffering of workers in unemployment situations attended by the National System of Employee - SINE Municipal of Porto Velho - RO. It is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional survey with 50 unemployed workers. A sociodemographic interview and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were applied. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. The sample consisted of 60% male and 40% female, 14% of them were more than a year without work and 84% were making "beaks". The prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) was found in 50% of the workers, 75% had depressed / anxious moods, 52% showed a decrease in vital energy, 35% had somatic symptoms and 34% had depressive thoughts. The results demonstrate a high prevalence of TMC and depressive, anxious and somatoform symptoms among unemployed workers in the SINE. It is concluded that it is important to direct actions of prevention and coping with the health care of workers in the state.

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RESUMO

Este artigo identifica a presença de sofrimento psíquico e social em desempregados e analisa sentimentos e impactos decorrentes da busca frustrada por trabalho em Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal em 2017 e 2018 com 200 desempregados em curta e longa duração, os quais responderam a um questionário sócio-demográfico e à Escala de Avaliação de Sofrimento Psíquico-social de Trabalhadores Desempregados. Com idade média de 33 anos, 50,5% eram casados, 47,5% tinham ensino médio e 50% estavam em desemprego severo. Dos 46,5% com renda, apenas 10,5% recebiam seguro-desemprego, e 22,5% dos 60% informais não recebiam pagamento. Os principais sentimentos e eventos sociais relatados foram tristeza (77,5%), vergonha (76,5%), ansiedade (71,0%), dificuldade em fazer amizades (31,0%) e perda de confiança social (27,5%). Embora a análise conjunta dos dois fatores tenha apontado para o sofrimento em apenas 7,5%, a associação entre sofrimento psíquico e desemprego severo (p=0,002) demonstra a vulnerabilidade psíquica relacionada à situação de precarização. (AU)

This paper identifies the presence of psychological and social suffering, and analyzes feelings and impacts derived from the unemployment situation in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A cross-sectional research was carried out in 2017 and 2018 in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study included 200 short and long-term unemployed, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Psychosocial Suffering Scale of Unemployed Workers. With an average age of 33 years, 50.5% were married, 47.5% had high school and 50% were in severe unemployment. Of the 46.5% with income, only 10.5% were related to unemployment insurance, and 22.5% of the informal 60% did not receive payment. The main feelings and social events reported were sadness (77.5%), shame (76.5%), anxiety (71.0%), difficulty in making friendships (31.0%) and loss of social trust (27.5%). Although the joint analysis of the two factors pointed to suffering in only 7.5%, the association between psychological suffering and severe unemployment (p = 0.002) demonstrates the psychological vulnerability related to the precarious situation. (AU)

Este trabajo identifica la presencia de sufrimiento psicológico y social en desempleados y analiza los sentimientos e implicaciones sociales resultantes de la situación de desempleo en Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. En 2017 y 2018 se realizó una encuesta transversal con 200 desempleados a corto y largo plazo, que respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Sufrimiento psíquico-social de Trabajadores Desempleados. Con una edad promedio de 33 años, 50.5% estaban casados, 47.5% tenían la escuela secundaria y 50% estaban severamente desempleados. De 46.5% con renta, solo 10.5% recibieron seguro de desempleo, y 22.5% del 60% informal no recibieron el pago. Los principales sentimientos y eventos sociales reportados fueron tristeza (77.5%), vergüenza (76.5%), ansiedad (71.0%), dificultad para hacer amigos (31.0%) y pérdida de confianza social (27.5%). Aunque el análisis conjunto de los dos factores haya apuntado al sufrimiento en solo 7.5%, la asociación entre sufrimiento psicológico y desempleo severo (p=0,002) demuestra la vulnerabilidad psicológica relacionada con la precarización. (AU)

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O suicídio é considerado um problema de saúde pública pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), mas pouco se estuda qual a ligação desse fenômeno complexo junto as expressões da questão social. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a influência do capitalismo no adoecimento da classe trabalhadora e de que forma as expressões da questão social influenciam no desejo de morte do trabalhador. Tendo como resultados o entendimento de que as expressões da questão social produzidas pela sociedade capitalista têm forte influência no desejo de morte dos trabalhadores, sendo necessário além de respostas individuais, respostas coletivas de enfrentamento a essa demanda.(AU)

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers suicide to be a public health issue, but very few studies have been made the connection of this complex phenomenon with the expression of social questions. The goal of this essay if to comprehend the influence of capitalism with the sickening of the working class and in what ways does the expressions of the social questions influence the desire to die of the worker. Having as results the comprehensions that the expressions of social questions produces by capitalist society has a strong influence in the desire do die by workers, being necessary more than just individual responses, but also collective responses to cope with this demand.(AU)

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