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Capuchins can employ several strategies to deal with environmental challenges, such as using stone tools to access encapsulated resources. Nut-cracking is customary in several capuchin populations and can be affected by ecological and cultural factors; however, data on success and efficiency are only known for two wild populations. In this work, using camera traps, we assessed palm nut-cracking success and efficiency in two newly studied wild bearded capuchin populations (Sapajus libidinosus) and compared them with other sites. We tested the hypothesis that the overall success and efficiency of nut-cracking would be similar between sites when processing similar resources, finding partial support for it. Although using hammerstones of different sizes, capuchins had a similar success frequency. However, efficiency (number of strikes to crack a nut) was different, with one population being more efficient. We also tested whether success and efficiency varied between sexes in adults. We predict adult males would be more successful and efficient when cracking hard nuts. We found no differences between the sexes in one site but found sex differences in the other, although also for the low-resistant nut, which was unexpected. Our data add to the knowledge of capuchin nut-cracking behaviour flexibility, variance and potential cultural traits.
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Resumen: La intención de comportamiento se ha estudiado desde la teoría de la acción razonada para predecir el comportamiento de los individuos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar y validar una escala para medir la intención de uso del comercio móvil, a partir de las variables de la teoría unificada de aceptación y uso de tecnología como impulsores, y las variables riesgo percibido y tradición como inhibidores. El instrumento fue aplicado en línea a 211 consumidores del estado de Baja California, México. Se utilizó el análisis compuesto confirmatorio para verificar la fiabilidad del instrumento, así como la validez convergente, discriminante, nomológica y predictiva. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido y confiable para medir la influencia de las variables expectativa de rendimiento, influencia social, motivación hedónica, riesgo percibido, condiciones facilitadoras y tradición en la intención de uso del comercio móvil. La escala desarrollada satisface los criterios exigibles a un modelo de medición reflectivo.
Abstract: Behavioral intention has been studied from the theory of reasoned action to predict the behavior of individuals. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a scale to measure the intention to use m-commerce, based on the variables of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as drivers, and the variables of perceived risk and tradition as inhibitors. The instrument was applied on-line to 211 consumers in the state of Baja California, Mexico. Confirmatory composite analysis was used to verify the reliability of the instrument, as well as convergent, discriminant, nomological and predictive validity. A valid and reliable instrument was obtained to measure the influence of the following variables: performance expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, perceived risk, facilitating conditions and tradition on the intention to use m-commerce. The developed scale meets the criteria required for a reflective measurement model.
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Populations of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) vary in their tool use behaviors, with some of this divergence regarded as culturally determined. The use of stone tools, primarily to crack open encased foods, is widespread among bearded capuchins living in dry habitats (Caatinga and Cerrado). Significant diversity in targets, processed foods, material, and size of tools is observed across populations. However, so far, only a few sites have been systematically studied, and we are still distant from a representative picture of the range of variation in capuchins' culture. In this study, we did a systematic assessment of stone tool use sites in the Ubajara National Park (UNP), in the Caatinga region of Ceará, Brazil, recording and measuring stone tools, processed foods, and available lithic resources as part of an extensive comparative research, the CapCult project. We found indirect and direct evidence that capuchin monkeys at UNP customarily use hammerstones and anvils to process at least two species of palm nuts, macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) and the harder babaçu (Attalea speciosa). Most of the anvils were rock surfaces and had leftovers of only one palm nut species. The hammerstones used to process both palm nuts were not significantly different in weight, although the ones used for Ac. aculeata were longer. We found a higher frequency of nut-cracking sites in the drier lowland area of the park, reflecting differences in the density of the most common palm species, Ac. aculeata, and availability of raw stone material. The stone tool use observed in UNP is within the scope of previously reported in savannah capuchin populations. Our study widens the knowledge of stone tool-use diversity in wild capuchin monkeys, which could contribute to shaping conservation policy, including cultural traits.
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Arecaceae , Cebinae , Comportamento de Utilização de Ferramentas , Animais , Nozes , Cebus , Brasil , Parques RecreativosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Domingo de Ramos, or Palm Sunday, is a traditional Christian religious event where devotees use ramos, which are bouquets currently elaborated from palm leaves and other natural elements. In various countries, it is assumed this use of biodiversity leads to the depletion of the species involved. However, other important aspects must be considered, including the role of the people who produce and sell these ramos, the associated symbolism that has been overlooked, as well as commercial aspects that have barely been documented. This ethnobotanical study evaluates the regional-scale cultural, biological and socioeconomic aspects associated with Domingo de Ramos in central Mexico from an emic perspective. METHODS: Ethnographic and commercial information was obtained through interviews with ramos sellers in 28 municipalities in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. We specifically sought sociodemographic data regarding the interviewees, as well as information pertaining to the ramos themselves and the palms. These aspects were explored with all of the sellers. The free list method was used to describe the uses and key elements associated with the ramos. RESULTS: Although the ramos are used for religious purposes, they have eight different uses in the daily life of the sellers, the main one being "protection." They serve to protect families, crops and animals, as well as against several diseases. Likewise, they are considered valuable for diminishing strong storms. This belief in the protection conferred by the ramos preserves pre-Hispanic concepts and is combined with their use in blessing corresponding to Western beliefs. Ramos are made from 35 introduced and native plant species and comprise a base (made of palm, wheat or sotol), a "reliquia" (palm, rosemary, chamomile and laurel) and natural or artificial flowers. The ramos sellers are mostly adult women of indigenous origin and heads of family. CONCLUSIONS: This study of Domingo de Ramos, carried out at a regional scale, highlights a syncretism that is reflected in both the symbolic importance of ramos palm and in the species used, as well as socioeconomic aspects that had not previously been identified in the study area and reflect the occurrence of complex relationships in non-timber forest products that remain little addressed.
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Arecaceae , Etnobotânica , Animais , México , Etnobotânica/métodos , Florestas , Folhas de Planta , FloresRESUMO
Resumo: Buscou-se a concepção de Estado e sua alternativa na tradição marxista para uma reflexão das possibilidades de transformação da realidade atual conjuntamente com a teoria da transição de Mészáros, já que apesar do progresso econômico persiste o subdesenvolvimento social. Conclui-se que a democratização da forma política atual é um caminho para a transformação e que a crise proporciona uma janela de oportunidades para novas concepções políticas.
Abstract: The concept of State and its alternative in the Marxist tradition were sought to reflect on the possibilities of transforming the current reality together with Mészáros' theory of transition, since despite economic progress, social underdevelopment persists. It is concluded that the democratization of the current political form is a path to transformation, and that the crisis provides a window of opportunity for new political conceptions.
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OBJECTIVE: The Southeast and South Coast of Brazil was inhabited during most of the Holocene by shellmound builders. Although there are cultural differences in the archaeological record between regions, it is still debatable how these differences may relate to different population histories. Here, we contribute to this discussion by exploring dental morphological affinities between several regional series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental morphology of 385 individuals from 14 archaeological sites was analyzed using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Fifteen traits were used to explore morphological affinities among series through Euclidean distance, Mean Measure of Divergence, and Principal Component Analysis. Mantel matrix correlation and partial correlation tests were used to examine the association between biological, geographic, and chronological distances. RESULTS: Morphological affinities show that ceramic and nonceramic South Coast groups cluster and differ from most Southeast series. In contrast, Southeast coastal and riverine groups display high morphological variance, showing less biological coherence among them. These biological distances between regions are partially explained by geography, but not by chronology. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that these coastal populations were low-mobility groups. Although interactions between individuals of different regions likely existed, gene flow occurred mostly among individuals from local or adjacent areas. The introduction of ceramic in the South Coast is not associated with changes in dental morphology patterns, suggesting its adoption is not exclusively associated with the arrival of different biological groups. Southeast coastal and riverine groups show high phenotypic diversity, suggesting a different history of human occupation and cultural development than observed in the South Coast.
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Evolução Biológica , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/história , Dente/anatomia & histologia , Antropologia Física , Arqueologia , Brasil , História Antiga , HumanosRESUMO
Background: Near-death awareness (NDA) refers to visions and dreams commonly experienced by terminally ill individuals within months to hours before death. Methods: A case report of a 68-year-old Jamaican male diagnosed with advanced cholangiocarcinoma, who experienced visions of his deceased mother during hospitalization. Results: This article discusses how to differentiate NDA from delirium, core components for determining decisional capacity, and how clinicians can use a cultural guide to optimize patient-centered care. Conclusion: Improved recognition of NDA may promote cultural humility/competency and help to differentiate NDA from an underlying medical/psychiatric condition. It may assist the clinician in understanding the significance of NDA and the comfort and meaning these experiences may hold for both the individual and their family.
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Neoplasias , Doente Terminal , Idoso , Hospitalização , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Assistência Centrada no PacienteRESUMO
O objetivo do estudo é apresentar uma narrativa interpretativa do Ticumbi de Itaúnas, evidenciando a sua estrutura e seus significados. Para tal, realizamos um trabalho de campo tendo como método de coleta de dados a observação direta combinada com entrevistas semi-estruturadas em ocasiões da Festa de São Benedito e São Sebastião na Vila de Itaúnas/ES, nos meses de janeiro dos anos de 2018 a 2020. Compreendemos que o Ticumbi de Itaúnas é uma tradição que tem sido vivenciada e materializada dentro de um contexto comunitário e festivo que confere identidade a comunidades remanescentes quilombolas, apresentando movimentos que levam a continuidades e descontinuidades dentro da própria tradição.
The aim of the study is to present an interpretive narrative of the Ticumbi of Itaúnas, showing its structure and meanings. To this end, we carried out fieldwork using direct observation as a method of data collection combined with semi-structured interviews during the Festa de São Benedito and São Sebastião in Vila de Itaúnas/ES, from January 2018 to 2020. We understand that the Ticumbi of Itaúnas is a tradition that has been experienced and materialized within a community and festive context that gives identity to remnant quilombola communities, presenting movements that lead to continuities and discontinuities within the tradition itself.
El objetivo de la investigación es presentar una narrativa interpretativa del Ticumbi de Itaúnas, mostrando su estructura y significados. Para ello, realizamos un trabajo de campo utilizando la observación directa como método de recolección de datos combinada con entrevistas semiestructuradas durante la Festa de São Benedito y São Sebastião en Vila de Itaúnas / ES, de enero de 2018 a 2020. Entendemos que el Ticumbi de Itaúnas es una tradición que se ha vivido y materializado dentro de un contexto comunitario y festivo que da identidad a las comunidades quilombolas remanentes, presentando movimientos que conducen a continuidades y discontinuidades dentro de la propia tradición.
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La hallaca es un plato nacional expresión de nuestro mestizaje, nace en la civilización del maíz, de la cual el plato más representativo es el tamal. Objetivo. Conocer las características históricas, culturales, sociales y nutricionales de la hallaca. Resultados. Hay diferencias culturales, la participación del elemento afrocaribeño-africano le dio un toque diferencial en el sabor, en el aroma, en la textura y en la presentación de los alimentos caribeños. En la preparación por ejemplo, en los andes incorporan papas, garbanzos, apio, caraota, entre otros y el guiso es crudo. En el oriente se añade pescado o mejillones y en el Zulia el plátano reemplaza algunas veces al maíz. El guiso con carne de res, de cerdo o de gallina picadas, juntos o separados, los demás condimentos, el adorno de huevos, aceitunas, pasas y el envoltorio de hojas de cambur o plátano soasadas, le comunican a la hallaca un sabor único. La masa es de maíz pilado con manteca de cochino, coloreada con onoto. Desde 1960, se usa la harina precocida de maíz, que facilitó su preparación urbana y su internacionalización. Cada una aporta 700 calorías, rica en proteínas animales, vitaminas y hierro. Está teñida de simbolismos, "la mejor hallaca es la de mi mamá" y es motivo de inspiración en distintas expresiones culturales. Conclusiones. La hallaca tiene un valor familiar y todas las clases sociales del país la consumen en navidad. La hallaca, ya es internacional, junto con la arepa, ha emprendido el viaje con cada venezolano que ha tenido que emigrar(AU)
The hallaca is a national dish, an expression of our mestizaje, born in the civilization of corn, of which the most representative dish is the tamale. Objetive. Know the historical, cultural, social, and nutritional characteristics of the hallaca. Results. There are cultural differences, the participation of the Afro-Caribbean-African element gave it a differential touch in the flavor, aroma, texture, and presentation of Caribbean foods. The preparation for example, in the Andes incorporate potatoes, chickpeas, celery, beans, among others and the stew is raw. In the east fish or mussels are added and in Zulia the banana sometimes replaces the corn. The stew with minced beef, pork, or chicken, together or separately, the other condiments, the garnish of eggs, olives, raisins and the wrapping of roasted banana or plantain leaves, give the hallaca a unique flavor. The dough is mashed corn with lard, colored with onoto. Since 1960, precooked corn flour has been used, which facilitated its urban preparation and its internationalization. Each one provides 700 calories, rich in animal proteins, vitamins, and iron. It is tinged with symbolism, "the best hallaca is my mother's" and is a source of inspiration in different cultural expressions. Conclusions. The hallaca has a family value and all social classes in the country consume it at Christmas. The hallaca, already international, along with the arepa, has embarked on the journey with every Venezuelan who has had to emigrate(AU)
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Características Culturais , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Alimentação Regional , Venezuela , Zea mays , Alimentos , Antropologia Cultural , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Resumen Se presentan los resultados de investigación desarrollada con dos poblaciones indígenas: la Achagua y la Piapoco, ubicadas al oriente de Colombia, municipio de Puerto Gaitán (Meta). El estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar las tensiones ocurridas al interior de la dimensión espiritual de la cultura indígena, la cual se encuentra en procesos de transición respecto al modelo religioso protestante que ha incursionado en el lugar durante los últimos años. El método desarrollado es la Etnografía, y a partir de realidades encontradas, mediante diálogo y observación; se derivan como resultado las categorías cosmovisión mágica y religiosidad protestante a través de las cuales se indica la existencia de un proyecto colonial religioso al interior de dichos pueblos étnicos.
Abstract This article presents results of an investigation carried out with two indigenous populations: The Achagua and the Piapoco located in eastern Colombia, in the municipality of Puerto Gaitán, Meta. The objective of the study was to analyze tensions that arose within these communities, where the indigenous spiritual dimension is in transition processes with respect to the Protestant religious model that has penetrated the site during last years. The method developed is ethnography and based on the realities found, through dialogue and observation, the resulting categories are the magical worldview and Protestant religiosity, through which the existence of a colonial-religious project is indicated, of said ethnic peoples.
Resumo Apresentam-se os resultados de pesquisas realizadas com duas populações indígenas: o Achagua e o Piapoco, localizado no leste na Colômbia, no município de Puerto Gaitán, Meta. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as tensões que surgiram nessas comunidades, onde a dimensão espiritual indígena está em processo de transição em relação ao modelo religioso protestante que se envolveu no local nos últimos anos. O método desenvolvido é a etnografia, e baseado nas realidades encontradas, através do diálogo e da observação; como resultado, derivam-se as categorias de cosmovisão mágica e religiosidade protestante,por meio das quais é indicada a existência de um projeto colonial religioso dentro desses povos étnicos.
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Este artigo aborda a relação da Psicologia Analítica com a pós-modernidade a partir de três pressupostos e consequências: superação do individualismo epistemológico, a progressividade a partir da tradição e colocar em xeque a fé na razão soberana. Para tanto, algumas noções de Jung são fundamentais nesse processo: compensação, sombra e intersignos. Essa passagem do conhecimento pautado no corte para concepções holísticas caracteriza o imanentismo epistemológico, que aponta para a superação da Educação pela iniciação, do domínio da natureza para a ecosofia e da lógica da não contradição para a lógica do contraditorial, de pessoas plurais.
This article addresses the relationship of Analytical Psychology to postmodernity, from three assumptions and consequences: overcoming epistemological individualism, progressivity from tradition and putting faith in sovereign reason in check. Therefore, some notions of Jung are required in this process: compensation, shadow and intersign. This passage from court-based knowledge to holistic conceptions characterizes epistemological immanentism, which points to the overcoming of education through initiation, from the domain of nature to ecosophy and from the logic of non-crontadiction to the logic of the contradictory, of plural people.
Este artículo aborda la relación de la Psicología Analítica con la posmodernidad, a partir de tres supuestos y consecuencias: superar el individualismo epistemológico, la progresividad de la tradición y poner a prueba la fe en la razón soberana. Con este fin, algunas nociones de Jung son fundamentales en este proceso: compensación, sombra e intersign. Este pasaje del conocimiento basado en la corte a las concepciones holísticas caracteriza el inmanentismo epistemológico, que apunta a superar la educación a través de la iniciación, del dominio de la naturaleza a la ecosofía y de la lógica de la no contradicción a la lógica de lo contradictorio, de las personas plurales.
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Psicologia , Teoria Junguiana , Natureza , Conhecimento , Educação , Individuação , LógicaRESUMO
O objetivo central deste artigo consiste em apresentar uma reflexão sobre a morte livre na obra de Friedrich Nietzsche, em particular em Assim falou Zaratustra. O artigo analisa o pensamento de Nietzsche a respeito do suicídio, considerando-o tanto em relação à tradição da história da filosofia quanto em relação à posteridade de Nietzsche, e procura destacar a originalidade do tratamento dado ao tema na filosofia desse pensador.
The main aim of this paper is to present a reflection on free death in Friedrich Nietzsche's work, particularly in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The article analyzes the relation of Nietzsche's thought about suicide, considering it both in relation to the tradition of the history of philosophy and Nietzsche's posterity, and seeks to highlight the originality of the treatment given to the theme in the philosophy of this thinker.
El objetivo central del presente artículo consiste en presentar una reflexión sobre la muerte libre en la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche, en particular en Así habló Zaratustra. El artículo analiza la relación del pensamiento de Nietzsche sobre el suicidio, considerándolo tanto en relación a la tradición de la historia de la filosofía como a la posteridad de Nietzsche, y busca destacar la originalidad del trato dado al tema en la filosofía de este pensador.
L'objectif central de cet article est de présenter une réflexion concernant la mort libre dans l'oeuvre de Friedrich Nietzsche, en spécial dans Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra. L'article analyse le rapport de la pensée de Nietzsche concernant le suicide, en le prenant aussi bien par rapport à la tradition de l'histoire de la philosophie qu'à la postérité de Nietzche, en cherchant à mettre en relief l'originalité du traitement donné au thème chez la philosophie de ce penseur.
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O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as brincadeiras de raízes indígenas do povo Tembé do Alto Rio Guamá, considerando a existência de uma relação ambivalente entre tradição e modernidade. Para tanto, delimita o olhar sobre as brincadeiras tradicionais direcionadas pela abordagem qualitativa. Num primeiro momento, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e, posteriormente, trabalho em campo para coleta de dados que aconteceu por meio de entrevistas guiadas com participação indígenas. Analisou-se a influência social e cultural do uso das tecnologias no cotidiano das crianças indígenas, onde as mesmas têm se apropriado da identidade de sua comunidade, substituindo silenciosamente os hábitos tradicionais que geravam interação com a comunidade e o meio ambiente. Relacionando as brincadeiras que fazem parte da cultura indígena com as brincadeiras atuantes de culturas externas buscou-se respostas para os seguintes questionamentos: As brincadeiras de raiz do povo Tembé do Alto Rio Guamá tem se modificado com a influência tecnológica dos povos externos? De que forma é possível manter a tradição das brincadeiras tradicionais frente aos avanços da tecnologia no mundo moderno?
The objective of the study was to analyze the indigenous roots of the Tembé people of the high Rio Guamá, considering the existence of an ambivalent relationship between tradition and modernity. To do so, it delimits the look on the jokes directed by the qualitative approach. At first, a bibliographical survey was carried out and, later, fieldwork for data collection that happened through guided interviews with indigenous participation. It was analyzed the social and cultural influence of the use of technologies in the daily life of indigenous children, where they have appropriated the identity of their community, silently replacing the traditional habits that generated interaction with the community and the environment. Relating the jokes that are part of the indigenous culture to the playful acts of external cultures, we sought answers to the following questions: Have the root games of the Tembé people of the high Rio Guamá been modified by the technological influence of the external peoples? In what way is it possible to maintain the tradition of traditional games against the advances of technology in the modern world?
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Qualidade de Vida , Rede Social , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Cultura Indígena , Transculturação , Acesso à Internet , Atividades de LazerRESUMO
Introducción: Los partos de los pueblos étnicos en América Latina, siguen siendo atendidos por parteras tradicionales. La mirada conceptual y teórica de esta práctica varía entre los diferentes actores, lo que influye en las políticas e intervenciones propuestas para este gremio. Objetivo: Analizar desde una postura intercultural crítica, el panorama político que enfrentan las parteras tradicionales en América Latina. Fuente de datos: Este es un estudio de revisión de artículos académicos, documentos técnicos y normativos, que se clasificaron en temas conceptuales, de enfoques y políticos relacionados con las parteras tradicionales. Los datos se consolidaron en matrices y se analizaron a partir del método de aproximaciones sucesivas. Se realizó una triangulación entre investigadores y teórica sobre el tema. Síntesis de los datos: el sector académico realiza una diferenciación entre parteras tradicionales y parteras profesionales. Los organismos Internacionales envían a la partería tradicional solo a lugares de difícil acceso geográfico. Los Gobiernos de América Latina presentan diversas posturas desde la mirada hegemónica del modelo biomédico de salud frente a la partería tradicional. Conclusiones: Las parteras tradicionales siguen en un terreno políticamente ambiguo que debilita su rol, lo que genera la pérdida del patrimonio cultural de los países ante su no reconocimiento, no vinculación a los sistemas de salud como prestadoras de servicio y sí como actores comunitarios encargados de informar, educar, y remitir a los prestadores de servicios de salud los casos de salud materna y neonatal(AU)
Introduction: Births in ethnic populations in Latin America are still being attended by traditional midwifes. The conceptual and theoretical outlook to this practice varies among different actors, influencing on proposed policies and interventions for this group. Objectives: To analyze the political overview of traditional midwives through a critic intercultural scope. Data sources: In this descriptive study, a review of academic documents, technical documents and regulations was made, identifying conceptual, approach and political topics related to traditional midwives. The data was summarized in a matrix and analyzed through the method of consecutive approximations. Methodological triangulation was made among researchers, disciplines, techniques and information sources on the topic. Data synthesis: The academic community makes a distinction among traditional midwives and professional midwives. International organizations promote professional midwifery just for difficult geographical access locations. Latin-American governments have different positions from the hegemonic overview of the biomedical model in health toward midwifery. Conclusions: Traditional midwives remain in an ambiguous political arena undermining their role, generating a loss of the cultural heritage of the countries as they are not being recognized, not being linked to the health system as service providers, but being community actors that inform, educate and refer to the health services the maternal and neonatal cases(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Tocologia , Região do Caribe , Características Culturais , América LatinaRESUMO
Objetivamos investigar o modo como a tradição é elaborada por um guardião de memórias contemporâneo: Ausier Vinícius dos Santos, fundador do bar musical Pedacinhos do Céu (Belo Horizonte - MG). Realizamos entrevista semiestruturada, analisada fenomenologicamente. Respondendo ao chamado a constituir uma obra de preservação, o sujeito elabora o passado e a alteridade como presenças a partir das quais se dá conta do próprio ser. Aceitar sacrifícios para dedicar-se ao que vem do outro significa para ele ser fiel à própria experiência, abrindo caminho para a atualização da tradição num processo pessoal de buscar contribuir para a constituição do mundo. Concluímos que para dar continuidade de modo próprio ao que lhe foi transmitido, Ausier reafirma a centralidade dos valores que convergem num ideal que a tradição suscita em si. Dando-se conta de que seu ideal lhe foi dado e o supera, vive sua obra como gratidão e doação de si a algo que lhe dá um lugar no mundo e realiza o próprio ser.
We aim to investigate how the tradition is elaborated by a contemporary guardian of memories: Ausier dos Santos, founder of the musical bar Pedacinhos do Céu (Belo Horizonte - MG). We conducted a semi-structured interview, analyzed phenomenologically. Responding to the call to constitute a work of preservation, he elaborates the past and otherness as presences from what he realizes his own being. Accepting sacrifices to dedicate oneself to what comes from another means that he is faithful to his own experience, opening the way for the update of the tradition in a personal process of seeking to contribute to the constitution of the world. We conclude that to give continuity in his own way what has been transmitted to him, Ausier reaffirms the centrality of the values that converge in an ideal that tradition provokes in itself. Realizing that his ideal was given to him and overcomes himself, he lives his work as gratitude and given himself to something that gives a place in the world and realizes his own self.
Objetivamos investigar cómo la tradición es elaborada por un guardián de memorias contemporáneo: Ausier dos Santos, fundador del bar musical Pedacinhos do Céu (Belo Horizonte - MG). Realizamos una entrevista semiestructurada, analizada fenomenológicamente. Respondiendo al llamado a constituir una obra de preservación, el sujeto elabora el pasado y la alteridad como presencias a partir de las cuales se da cuenta del propio ser. Aceptar sacrificios para dedicarse a lo que viene del otro significa para él ser fiel a la propia experiencia, de modo que la tradición se actualiza en un proceso personal de buscar contribuir a la constitución del mundo. Concluimos que para dar continuidad de modo propio lo que le fue transmitido, Ausier reafirma la centralidad de los valores que convergen en un ideal que la tradición suscita en sí. Dándose cuenta de que su ideal le fue dado y lo supera, vive su obra como gratitud y donación de sí a algo que le da un lugar en el mundo y realiza el propio ser.
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Cultura Popular , Música/históriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Food knowledge and consumption in the context of migration is an important topic in ethnobiological research. Little research is done on the process of how external factors impact food knowledge amongst migrants. Taking into account social organisation and power relations of food knowledge transmission and distribution of food knowledge, this study sheds light on how the accessibility of resources, the predominant cuisine in the host country and ethnic tourism influences the food knowledge tradition of Tyrolean migrants and their descendants in Treze Tílias. METHODS: Field research was conducted in Austria and Brazil in 2008-2009, using free-listing, social network analysis and participatory observation. The collected data was analysed by calculating Smith's Salience index, visualising personal and social networks and qualitative text analysis. RESULTS: Tyroleans in Austria had a different perception and a higher agreement of what Tyrolean food comprises than Tyroleans in Brazil, indicating different developments: Tyrolean migrants adapted their food habits according to available resources and over time in Brazil. Later, ethnic tourism had a strong impact: In Treze Tílias, dishes with the highest Smith's Salience index-forming the core of cultural food knowledge-strongly coincided with Tyrolean food served in ethnic restaurants, whose staff were perceived to be experts in Tyrolean food. CONCLUSION: Despite most food knowledge in Treze Tílias was transmitted within families, ethnic food prepared in restaurants and hotels determined the shared perception of what Tyrolean food comprises. Perceived as experts, the staff in ethnic restaurants were in a powerful position to transform cultural food knowledge by providing institutionalised and standardised knowledge about Tyrolean food.
Assuntos
Alimentos , Conhecimento , Migrantes , Áustria , Brasil , Cultura , Comportamento Alimentar , Humanos , Turismo Médico , ViagemRESUMO
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are proficient tool users, and the use of stone tools occurs in several populations, mostly to crack open encased foods. Two well-studied Brazilian populations of Sapajus libidinosus inhabit Fazenda Boa Vista and Serra da Capivara National Park and present different behavioral sets regarding tool use. Serra das Confusões National Park (SCoNP) lies between those sites, but little is known about the capuchin monkey population that lives there. To begin unraveling the capuchin behavior in this area, we conducted a brief survey for tool use sites. We found indirect evidence that capuchin monkeys at SCoNP use stone hammers to crack open at least four species of seeds and fruits. Plant reproductive parts there are processed with stone tools in a similar pattern to the other sites. Further study is needed to directly observe tool use by capuchin monkeys at SCoNP, verify the occurrence of other possible types of tool use in this population, and thus fully compare their tool use repertoire to that of other populations.
Assuntos
Cebinae/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Comportamento de Utilização de Ferramentas , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to recognize the social representation of the Guna indigenous population by identifying cultural elements related to malaria, in order to create an intercultural approach to any health intervention to control and prevent the disease. METHODS: This qualitative study has an anthropological focus that used participant observation, informal conversations, focus groups, interviews, in-depth interviews with key actors. Analyses included review, classification and categorization of interviews. RESULTS: Malaria within the Guna culture is in harmony with several cultural factors, such as magic, religion, beliefs, myths, and nature. The health system must include these factors in its intercultural approach to ensure the sustainability of anti-malarial intervention measures. Until this is not properly addressed, the Guna population of Madungandi will remain a permanent source of risk for malaria transmission in this region and for the rest of the country. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study contribute new variables that can facilitate an intercultural approach to improve the perception of malaria in the indigenous population of Comarca Guna de Madungandi, Panama.
Assuntos
Malária/etnologia , Cultura , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Observação , Panamá/epidemiologia , Grupos Populacionais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen El acceso rápido y eficiente a una información confiable y precisa permite adoptar una posición adecuada a la hora de tomar una decisión para solucionar un problema con un menor costo; la información es por lo tanto una sustancia figurativa, y se pueden nombrar ciertas posturas sobre ella: la posesión, la acumulación, exceso ("sobrecarga"), la desigualdad distributiva ("los que tienen y los que no"), la medición, la "comoditización", y así sucesivamente, antes de entender per se el uso de los sistemas de información. Es incuestionable el hecho de que mucha gente está derivando grandes ventajas de estas nuevas fuentes de conocimiento prestadas por redes y sistemas de información, en el marco de lo que ahora se convenciona llamar el sector cuaternario de la economía. Los datos, información y el conocimiento son eslabones de una cadena cíclica en la que el último eslabón realimenta la cadena, a la vez que el valor del recurso y la aportación e implicación humana son cada vez mayores. El objeto de la presente revisión es aportar al entendimiento de los sistemas de información y su orientación actual como herramienta para la mejora de la competitividad del sector ovino nacional.
Abstract The fast and efficient access to reliable and accurate information allows adopting a suitable position when making a decision to troubleshoot a lower cost; information is thus a figurative substance, and can appoint certain positions on it: possession, accumulation, excess ("overload"), distributive inequality ("the haves and have-nots"), measurement, the "commoditization", and so on, before understanding per se the use of information systems. It is unquestionable that many people are deriving great advantages of these new sources of knowledge borrowed from networks and information systems, as part of what is now called the "quaternary sector of the economy". The data, information and knowledge are links in a cyclic chain where the last link in the chain fed, while the resource value and contribution and human involvement are increasing. The purpose of this review is to provide an understanding of information systems and the current focus as a tool for improving the competitiveness of the Colombian domestic sheep industry.
Resumo O acesso rápido e eficiente às informações confiáveis e precisas permitem adoptar uma posição adequada ao tomar uma decisão para solucionar um custo menor; informação é, portanto, uma substância figurativa, e pode designar certas posições sobre ele: a posse, a acumulação, o excesso ("sobrecarga"), a desigualdade distributiva ("os que têm e os que não têm"), medição, o "commoditization", e assim por diante, antes de compreender per se a utilização de sistemas de informação. É inquestionável que muitas pessoas estão a retirar grandes vantagens destas novas fontes de conhecimento emprestado de redes e sistemas de informação, como parte do que hoje é chamado de conven setor quaternário da economia. Os dados, informação e conhecimento são elos de uma cadeia cíclica, onde o último elo da cadeia alimentados, enquanto o valor de recursos e contribuição e envolvimento humano estão aumentando. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma compreensão de sistemas de informação e o foco atual como uma ferramenta para melhorar a competitividade da indústria ovina doméstica.
RESUMO
En el departamento del Vaupés la Medicina tradicional (MT) juega un papel fundamental en las comunidades indígenas, siendo transmitida oralmente entre generaciones, lo que podría generar la pérdida de conocimientos. Se pretende, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada a jóvenes, determinar la importancia dada por ellos a la MT. Como resultado se obtiene que existe un polilinguÌísmo individual marcado, pero representado en minorías etnolinguÌísticas, implicando una permeabilidad constante de saberes y tradiciones, sin embargo se observa un reconocimiento claro de la MT y de los procesos que ella implica, estando relacionado con el uso de idiomas nativos y con la interacción que en su comunidad, familia y escuela se haga.Por esta razón actividades comunitarias como pescar, lavar en el río y trabajar en la chagra son actividades de mayor influencia para la apropiación de la MT, estando estas influenciadas por la capacidad de integración con las personas mayores por el idioma.
At the state of the Vaupés, the Traditional Medicine (MT) has a fundamental roll between the native communities, being orally transmitted among generations, which could lead to loss of knowledges. It is pretended through a semi-structured survey done to teen agers, to determine their importance to the (MI). As a result it was obtained that a marked single polinguilism exists, but it is represented by minor ethnolinguistic groups, explaining a constant permeability of knowledge and traditions, however it is observed a clear appreciation of the MT and of the implicit processes, being related with the use of the native languages and the done inter action with their community, family and school. It is the reason why community activities like to fish, wash clothing at the river and work in the farm are huge influenced activities for the MT appropriation, and been influenced by the integration capacity with their language elder people.