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PytuTester is an open-source ventilator tester developed to help bio-engineers in the design and verification of new ventilator prototypes. A ventilator tester allows measuring the flow, pressure, volume, and oxygen concentration provided to the patient. During the global pandemic COVID-19, several open-source ventilators prototypes were developed; however, due to high cost and demand testers, they were not available. In this context, a low-cost tester was developed using a Raspberry Pi and medical-grade sensors for the test ventilators prototypes. This paper presents the design files, software interface, and validations tests. Our results indicate that the tester has good accuracy to evaluate the efficacy and performance of new prototypes. When tested on two ventilator designs developed in Paraguay, PytuTester reported flow profiles that were concordant with the industry-standard VT650 Gas Flow Analyzer. PytuTester was then field deployed to test several DIY ventilator designs in low-resource areas.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of tester lines for tropical corn lines converted to supersweet shrunken (sh2) gene, for the development of hybrids adapted to tropical conditions. Lines were used as female parents in crosses with three testers: open-pollinated mixed variety; supersweet line L4; supersweet commercial hybrid Tropical Plus. Four trials were carried out to evaluate topcrosses in Maringá - PR e Sabáudia - PR, Brazil in the main growing season of 2015/16. The following traits were evaluated: total ear weight (TEW, in kg), commercial ear weight (CEW, in kg) and total soluble solids (TSS, in °Brix). The GCA estimates for TEW and CEW were highest for L4. The lines Balu-114 and UEM-25 were selected based on the effects of ĝi for the traits studied and should be used in the establishment of base populations for the breeding of superior lines. The ŝij value for TEW was highest for cross BALU-182 x Tropical, while for CEW was the highest value for cross BALU-94 x Mista.(AU)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de testadores quanto à capacidade de discriminação de linhagens tropicais convertidas à superdoce, por meio da incorporação do gene shrunken (sh2), visando a produção de híbridos adaptados às condições tropicais. As linhagens utilizadas como parentais femininos foram os testadores: variedade de polinização aberta Mista; linhagem superdoce L4; híbrido comercial superdoce Tropical Plus. Os quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em Maringá - PR e Sabáudia - PR, na safra verão de 2015/16. As características avaliadas foram: Peso de espigas totais (PET, em kg), Peso de espigas comerciais (PEC, em kg) e sólidos solúveis totais (SST, em ºBrix). A linhagem L4 foi o testador que mais proporcionou efeito de heterose. As maiores estimativas de CGC para PET e PEC foram obtidas por L4. As linhagens Balu-114 e UEM-25 foram selecionados com base nos efeitos de ĝi para as características estudadas e deverão ser utilizados na formação de populações base para a extração de linhagens superiores. O cruzamento BALU-182 x Tropical apresentou o maior valor de ŝij para PET, enquanto o cruzamento BALU-94 x Mista obteve o melhor valor para PEC.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of tester lines for tropical corn lines converted to supersweet shrunken (sh2) gene, for the development of hybrids adapted to tropical conditions. Lines were used as female parents in crosses with three testers: open-pollinated mixed variety; supersweet line L4; supersweet commercial hybrid Tropical Plus. Four trials were carried out to evaluate topcrosses in Maringá - PR e Sabáudia - PR, Brazil in the main growing season of 2015/16. The following traits were evaluated: total ear weight (TEW, in kg), commercial ear weight (CEW, in kg) and total soluble solids (TSS, in °Brix). The GCA estimates for TEW and CEW were highest for L4. The lines Balu-114 and UEM-25 were selected based on the effects of g ̂ ifor the traits studied and should be used in the establishment of base populations for the breeding of superior lines. The s ̂ ijvalue for TEW was highest for cross BALU-182 x Tropical, while for CEW was the highest value for cross BALU-94 x Mista.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de testadores quanto à capacidade de discriminação de linhagens tropicais convertidas à superdoce, por meio da incorporação do gene shrunken (sh2), visando a produção de híbridos adaptados às condições tropicais. As linhagens utilizadas como parentais femininos foram os testadores: variedade de polinização aberta Mista; linhagem superdoce L4; híbrido comercial superdoce Tropical Plus. Os quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em Maringá - PR e Sabáudia - PR, na safra verão de 2015/16. As características avaliadas foram: Peso de espigas totais (PET, em kg), Peso de espigas comerciais (PEC, em kg) e sólidos solúveis totais (SST, em ºBrix). A linhagem L4 foi o testador que mais proporcionou efeito de heterose. As maiores estimativas de CGC para PET e PEC foram obtidas por L4. As linhagens Balu-114 e UEM-25 foram selecionados com base nos efeitos de g ̂ i para as características estudadas e deverão ser utilizados na formação de populações base para a extração de linhagens superiores. O cruzamento BALU-182 x Tropical apresentou o maior valor de s ̂ ijpara PET, enquanto o cruzamento BALU-94 x Mista obteve o melhor valor para PEC.

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This study was carried out to identify parents and hybrids by determination of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heterosis in pure lines and their hybrids, which were selected from our gene sources, to determine new hybrid combinations that could be alternative or higher in yielding compared with M × N hybrid used in production. Combining ability and heterosis effects were studied for the eight quantitative characters through line × tester mating design. Chinese origin lines (KZ, ZF) were identified as females and Japanese origin lines (BR, ZB) as males, and by these, four hybrids were derived. M, N, and their hybrid were both used as control genotypes and to calculate the heterosis and commercial heterosis as well. All the genotypes were reared in standard conditions, in three replications. ZF (for pupa survival rate) and ZB (for hatching and filament length) presented significantly higher and positive GCA effects. In addition, ZB had negative GCA effect for infertile egg rate. Effects of SCA were not significant for all the characters. In conclusion, ZF × ZB hybrid could have a potential for the higher cocoon and silk production in Turkey.(AU)

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Maize crops in Brazil have a wide diversity of management systems. There is a large contingent of family agriculture, which uses little or no agricultural inputs, compared to the rural enterprise which uses the most modern production systems. This difference in the management systems is particularly noticeable in relation to consumption of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous ones. Therefore it is necessary to obtain plants with efficient nitrogen (N) use that also respond to applied nitrogen. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of S0:1 progenies, in top crosses, under two nitrogen levels and select the best ones based on responsiveness and efficiency. Sixty seven S0:1 progenies from populations of single cross hybrids were crossed with two testers (T1 - single cross hybrid; T2 - population per se). A hundred and thirty four hybrid progenies plus ten controls were evaluated in two field trials with different levels of nitrogen (one with average levels - 50 kg ha-1 of N - and the other with low levels of nitrogen - 25 kg ha-1 of N) in a 12 x 12 triple lattice design. It is possible to identify and to select progenies from commercial single cross hybrids that are efficient and responsive to nitrogen application. The non-additive effect was as important as the additive effect for grain yield under different nitrogen levels.

A cultura do milho no Brasil tem uma ampla diversidade no sistema de manejo. Há um grande contingente de agricultura tipicamente familiar que usa pouco insumo agrícola, e também empresas rurais que utilizam o que há de mais moderno em sistema de produção. Essa diferença no sistema de manejo fica bem evidenciada no que refere ao consumo de fertilizantes, especialmente os nitrogenados. Por isso, é necessário obter plantas eficientes no uso de nitrogênio (N) e, ao mesmo tempo, que sejam responsivas ao N aplicado. Desse modo, neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta, a diferentes níveis de N, de progênies S0:1 de milho e sua capacidade de combinação, utilizando dois testadores diferentes. Foram utilizadas 67 progênies S0:1, oriundas de híbridos comerciais, em topcross com dois testadores (T1 - híbrido simples; T2 - população per ser das progênies S0:1). Os top crosses foram avaliados, juntamente com 10 testemunhas, em dois experimentos com diferentes níveis de nitrogênio (nível médio - 50 kg ha-1 de N - e outro com nível baixo - 25 kg ha-1 de N), no delineamento experimental látice triplo 12 x 12. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que não ocorreu alteração no comportamento dos top crosses em diferentes doses de nitrogênio, para produtividade de grãos. É possível identificar e selecionar progênies parcialmente endogâmicas responsivas e eficientes na utilização de N, provenientes de híbridos comerciais. Os efeitos não-aditivos foram tão importantes quanto os efeitos aditivos para produtividade de grão sob diferentes níveis de nitrogênios.

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Este estudo avaliou comparativamente o período de latência e a duração do cloridrato de levobupivacaína 0,5% sem vasoconstritor e com epinefrina 1:200.000 (NOVABUPI®) após anestesia terminal infiltrativa na maxila. As injeções com as duas soluções foram realizadas no mesmo canino superior escolhido previamente pelo voluntário, de forma aleatória, em um estudo triplo-cego, anestesia essa feita com intervalo de, no mínimo, 48 horas. O período de latência e a duração da anestesia pulpar foram analisados pelo teste de sensibilidade elétrico (Fabricante Analytic Technology, USA), e o tempo de duração em tecidos moles foi relatado pelo voluntário. Os resultados obtidos revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) em relação à adição do vasoconstritor, quanto à duração da anestesia pulpar (p = 0,0004) e a duração em tecidos moles (p = 0,0019), porém, com relação ao período de latência, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,6547). Concluiu-se que ambas as soluções foram eficazes na perda da sensibilidade dos tecidos duros e moles e a adição de epinefrina 1:200.000 prolongou o tempo de duração do cloridrato de levobupivacaína 0,5% .

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the time of latency and duration of two types of levobupivacaine 0.5%: plain and with epinephrine 1:200.000, in maxillary infiltrative anesthesia. The infiltration anesthesias were perfomed in the vestibule in the upper caninine chosen at random by the volunteer in a triple-blind study. The chosen tooth was anesthetized with both anesthetic solution in two sessions with a minimum interval of 48 hours.The time of latency and duration of pulpar anesthesia were analysed by eletric pulp tester (Analytic Technology, USA) and the soft tissue duration was noted by the volunteer. The results showed statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) when there was vasoconstrictor addition in time of pulpar (p = 0.0004) and soft tissue (p = 0.0019) anesthesia; however, no significant difference was obtained in latency period (p = 0.6547). It was concluded that both solutions were effective in obtaining anesthesia for hard and soft tissues and the addition of 1:200.000 epinephrine prolonged the duration of anesthesia .

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