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PURPOSE: Although re-innervation of the hand is considered a priority in the treatment of infants with complete brachial plexus injury, there is currently a paucity of publications investigating hand function outcomes following primary nerve reconstruction in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). This study therefore aimed to evaluate hand function outcomes in a series of patients with complete NBPP. METHODS: This retrospective case series included all patients who underwent primary nerve surgery for complete neonatal brachial plexus palsy over an 8-year period. Outcomes were assessed using the Raimond Hand Scale. Classification of grade 3 or higher indicates a functional hand (assistance in bimanual activity). RESULTS: Nineteen patients with a complete NBPP underwent primary nerve reconstruction at a mean age of 3.7 months. Periodic clinical evaluations were performed until at least 4 years of age. According to the Raimondi hand scale, one patient did not recover (grade 0), three patients attained grade 1, four grade 2, ten grade 3, and in one grade 4. Overall hand functional recovery was achieved in 57.8% (11/19) of patients. CONCLUSION: Sufficient recovery of hand function to perform bimanual activity tasks in patients with complete NBPP lesions is possible and should be a priority in the surgical treatment of these infants.

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Resumen La fractura aislada del mango del martillo es una entidad clínica poco habitual, pero frecuentemente subdiagnosticada. Lo fundamental es la sospecha clínica. El diagnóstico se confirma con la otoscopia neumática o la otomicroscopia con maniobra de Valsalva, en la cual se observa una movilidad anormal del mango del martillo. El rasgo de fractura se puede demostrar con tomografía computada de alta resolución o cone beam. Existen diferentes opciones de tratamiento como interposición de cartílago o uso de prótesis de reemplazo osicular así como cemento óseo. El cemento ionomérico vidrioso autocurado, muy utilizado en odontología, se ha usado en distintas cirugías otológicas con buenos resultados y biocompatibilidad. A nuestro saber no se ha usado en esta patología por lo que presentamos esta serie de tres casos en los cuales se ha usado esta novedosa técnica con buenos resultados clínicos.

Abstract Isolated fracture of the manubrium of the malleus is a rare clinical entity. Clinical suspicion is paramount. The usual clinical presentation is acute otalgia followed by tinnitus and fluctuating hearing loss after a brisk introduction and withdrawal of a finger into the external auditory canal. On physical examination, the eardrum looks normal on otoscopy. Only in pneumatic otoscopy or otomicroscopy with Valsalva an abnormal motility of the manubrium could bee seen. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) or cone beam CT is able to show the fracture line. Several treatment options have been proposed, such as interposition of bone or cartilage between the manubrium and the incus, total or partial ossicular replacement prosthesis; and the use of bone cement. Glass ionomer luting cement, with wide use in dentistry, has been used in several otological procedures with good biocompatibility and results, however, to our best knowledge, it has not been used to repair this type of fractures, so we present this novel material in three cases.

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BACKGROUND: The clavicle is a long bone that forms the anterior border of the thoracic inlet. Anatomic abnormalities of the clavicle can lead to compression of the innominate artery and trachea due to mass effect. These anatomic abnormalities can be amenable to surgical resection, which can provide complete resolution of symptoms. METHODS: We present a case of tracheal compression by the innominate artery in an adult man, caused by a clavicular abnormality due to an underlying bone mineralization disorder, corrected by partial resection of the right clavicle. RESULTS: The patient underwent successful open surgical resection of his right clavicular head leading to resolution of his tracheal compression by the innominate artery. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this is the first description of tracheal compression due to osteomesopyknosis. This case demonstrates that compression of the innominate artery due to a clavicular abnormality can be safely corrected via open surgical resection.

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The anteromedial region of the knee is little explored in the literature and may play an important role in anteromedial rotatory instability. The purpose of this study is to describe a ligamentous structure in the anteromedial region of the knee identified in a series of anatomical dissections of cadaveric specimens. Twenty-one cadaveric knees were dissected to study the medial compartment. Exclusion criteria were signs of trauma, previous surgery, signs of osteoarthritis, and poor preservation state. The main structures of this region were identified during medial dissection. After releasing the superficial medial collateral ligament of the tibia, the anterior oblique ligament (AOL) was isolated. The morphology of the structure and its relationship with known anatomical parameters were determined. For the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. A 95% confidence interval was defined as significant. Student's t-tests were used for continuous variables. After dissection, a distinct ligamentous structure (AOL) was found in the medial region of the knee. This structure was found in 100% of the cases, was located extracapsularly and originated in the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle, running obliquely toward the tibia. When crossing the joint, the ligament presented a fan-shaped opening, exhibiting a larger area at the tibial insertion. The AOL had a mean thickness of 6.83 ± 1.51 mm at its femoral origin and 13.39 ± 2.64 at its tibial insertion. It had a significantly (p = 0.0001) longer mean length with the knee at 90° of flexion (35.27 ± 6.59 mm) than with the knee in total extension (27.89 ± 5.46 mm), indicating that the ligament is tensioned in flexion. A new structure was identified in the anteromedial compartment of the knee with a ligamentous appearance. Further studies are necessary to identify its importance on knee stability. This study demonstrates the anatomy of a new medial structure of the knee. As a result, there will be a better understanding of the stability of the knee.

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INTRODUCTION: Transposition of the gracilis has been used in a large number of reconstructive procedures. Its advantage is its proximity to these defects and a good blood supply. Traditionally, the gracilis mobilization is performed by open surgery with one or more incisions. We describe our initial experience with the video-endoscopic mobilization of gracilis. METHOD: We described a retrospective review of all patients who underwent gracilis muscle mobilization for treatment of rectourethral fistula, performed by video-endoscopy, between March 2013 and September 2017, for treatment of rectourethral fistula. Also, our surgical technique is described in detail. RESULTS: Three patients, with a mean age of 66.6 years, underwent the procedures. The mean time for mobilization of the gracilis was 107 min (range 60-145). There was no case of donor area infection, no change in the sensitivity of the medial aspect of the thigh or chronic pain. Conversion to open surgery was not necessary in any case. The hospital discharge occurred in average after 4 days. The bladder catheter was removed after 4 weeks after cystography was performed without evidence of leakage. One patient had a recurrence of the fistula. DISCUSSION: The gracilis is an excellent choice of tissue to be interposed in reconstructive procedures of the perineal region, especially in the treatment of rectourinary fistulas. However, endoscopic harvest of the gracilis muscle has not yet found its way into everyday practice. The results in the treatment of rectourinary fistulas are excellent, with a success rate of 87.7%. Our rate of 67% is below, probably due to the small number of cases. In open surgery, complications are uncommon; however, approximately half of the patients expressed concern about the painful scar, which can be reduced by minimally invasive access. CONCLUSION: Video-endoscopic mobilization of gracilis muscle for the treatment of rectourethral fistula is feasible and safe. Studies comparing this technique with the conventional mobilization are required.

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Background: Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps is a pathology with an increasing incidence, which can cause important functional alterations. When the rupture is complete and the patient is active, surgical treatment is of choice. Material and method: 47-year-old man with sudden and intense pain in the left antecubital fossa while lifting weight. On examination, impotence for flexion and active supination of the left arm with loss of the biceps silhouette. Ultrasonography confirms the diagnosis of complete rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Surgical treatment was decided, performing a single anterior approach and reinserting the tendon in its radial footprint with the help of a cortical anchorage device. Results: At 12 months, the patient presented flexo-extension and complete prone supination, without encountering difficulties in carrying out the activities of his daily and work life, with a score of 100 points in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Conclusion: Rupture of the distal biceps is a typical injury in active patients with an increasing incidence. Although there have been no significant differences between the different repair options, in our experience the use of cortical anchorage devices with a single anterior approach provides very satisfactory results.

Antecedentes: La rotura del tendón distal del bíceps braquial es una patología con una incidencia creciente, que puede ocasionar importantes alteraciones funcionales. Cuando la rotura es completa y el paciente activo, el tratamiento quirúrgico es de elección. Resultados: A los 12 meses, el paciente presenta flexo-extensión y prono-supinación completa, sin encontrar dificultades para realizar las actividades de su vida diaria y laboral, con puntación de 100 puntos en el Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Material y método: Varón de 47 años con dolor intenso y súbito en la fosa antecubital izquierda mientras levantaba peso. A la exploración, impotencia para la flexión y supinación activa del brazo izquierdo con pérdida de la silueta del bíceps braquial. La ecografía confirma el diagnóstico de rotura completa del tendón distal del bíceps braquial. Se decide tratamiento quirúrgico, realizando un abordaje único anterior  y reinsertando el tendón en su "footprint" radial con ayuda de un dispositivo de anclaje cortical. Conclusión: La rotura del bíceps distal es una lesión típica de pacientes activos con una incidencia creciente. Aunque no se han evidenciado diferencias significativas entre las distintas opciones de reparación, en nuestra experiencia la utilización de dispositivos de anclaje cortical con un abordaje único anterior aporta unos resultados muy satisfactorios.

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OBJECTIVE: Although endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) significantly decreases perioperative mortality compared with open surgical repair (OSR), we have not concluded superiority between EVAR and OSR beyond the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to compare phase-specific survival after EVAR vs OSR. METHODS: The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Embase and MEDLINE were searched up to November 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials and propensity score-matched studies that investigated ≥2-year all-cause mortality (primary outcome) after EVAR vs OSR for intact infrarenal AAA. For each study, the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of mortality for EVAR vs OSR was calculated using survival curves for the following specific phases: early term (0-2 years after repair), midterm (2-6 years after repair), long term (6-10 years after repair), and very long term (≥10 years after repair). The risk ratio (RR) in the perioperative (in-hospital or 30-day) period was also extracted. Phase-specific HRs or RRs were separately pooled using the random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed by removing one study at a time to confirm that our findings were not derived from any single study. Funnel plot asymmetry was also examined using the linear regression test. RESULTS: Our search identified four randomized controlled trials and seven propensity score-matched studies enrolling a total of 106,243 AAA patients assigned to EVAR (n = 53,123) or OSR (n = 53,120). The mortality after EVAR compared with OSR was significantly lower in the perioperative period (RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.29-0.51; P < .00001) and similar in the early-term period (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.03; P = .16). Notably, significantly higher mortality was observed in the EVAR group compared with the OSR group in the midterm period (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.29; P = .01). However, similar mortality was observed between the EVAR group and the OSR group in the long-term (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96-1.17; P = .27) and very-long-term (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.93-1.47; P = .19) periods. In sensitivity analyses, the significant benefit of EVAR in the perioperative period and that of OSR in the midterm period were not changed. No funnel plot asymmetry was identified in all analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with OSR, EVAR was associated with lower perioperative mortality and higher mortality in the midterm period for intact infrarenal AAA. The superiority of EVAR was absent in the early-term period, and the inferiority of EVAR in the midterm period disappeared in the long-term and very-long-term periods.

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OBJECTIVE: Stoma prolapse is an intussusception of the bowel through a mature stoma. It can be caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure, excessively mobile bowel mesentery and/or a large opening in the abdominal wall at the time of stoma formation. It occurs predominantly in loop stomas, and correction methods include conservative modalities, such as local reduction to the prolapsed bowel, or surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with the treatment of colostomy prolapse using a novel mesh strip technique. METHODS: Between February 2009 and March 2018, ten consecutive male patients underwent correction of colostomy prolapse under local anesthesia by peristomal placement of a polypropylene mesh strip. Operation time, short- and long-term complications, and recurrence rates were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No postoperative complications, morbidity or mortality were observed. The median length of the prolapse ranged from 6-20 cm, and the median operative time was 30 minutes. The median duration of follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-89 months). No relapse, mesh strip extrusion, local infection or granuloma formation were found. CONCLUSION: A simple, fast, and low-cost operation under local anesthesia using a mesh strip is a valuable option to treat colostomy prolapse.

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PURPOSE: The reported incidence of postoperative complications after distal biceps tendon repairs (DBTRs) has been determined largely by retrospective studies. We hypothesized that a large prospective cohort study of DBTRs would demonstrate increased complication rates relative to existing literature values. Secondarily, we hypothesized that most complications would be transient and self-limiting, regardless of the surgical technique employed for the repair. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing acute, primary DBTR from July 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled. The repair technique, postoperative protocol, and follow-up intervals were determined by the individual surgeons' protocols. Demographic information, surgical data, and complications were tabulated prospectively. Exclusion criteria included chronic DBTRs, secondary DBTRs requiring allograft, DBTRs of partial tears, and postoperative follow-up of less than 12 weeks. We included 212 repairs performed by 37 orthopedic surgeons in 3 different subspecialties. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (30.7%) had 73 complications. Fifty patients (44.6%) in the 1-incision group experienced complications compared with 15 (15.0%) in the 2-incision group. Sixty patients (28.3%) developed a minor complication. Fifty-seven patients (26.9%) had sensory neurapraxias, 47 after a 1-incision procedure and 10 after a 2-incision procedure, a statistically significant difference. Of the patients with neurapraxias, 94.7% were resolved or improving at the time of the latest follow-up. Five patients (2.4%) developed a major complication, defined as a return to the operating room in the postoperative period due to deep infection or rerupture. CONCLUSIONS: The complication rate after DBTR appears to be higher than 2 other retrospective studies and is predominantly in the form of transient neurapraxias. This study confirms that there is a higher complication rate in 1-incision techniques as compared with 2-incision techniques. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

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ANTECEDENTES: Las lesiones de vías biliares por colecistectomía son una complicación seria. Numerosos factores alteran el resultado de su reconstrucción. MÉTODO: Evaluación de la reconstrucción de lesiones de vía biliar y sus factores de riesgo (de enero de 2008 a enero de 2017). RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 58 pacientes (72.4% mujeres; media de edad 41.8 años). El 67.8% tuvo colecistectomía laparoscópica como cirugía inicial. El 79.3% se diagnosticó posoperatoriamente. La referencia promedio fue 9 semanas y su reparación temprana (< 1 semana) ocurrió en el 27.6%. La lesión más común fue Amsterdam tipo D (55.2%) y Bismuth-Strasberg E4 (34.5%). La morbilidad fue del 39.6% (fuga biliar 10.3%, estenosis 6.9% y colangitis recurrente12.1%), con un 3% de mortalidad perioperatoria. Se logró un éxito del 81% de acuerdo con la clasificación de McDonald. Los factores de riesgo para las complicaciones fueron baja hemoglobina, baja albúmina, baja fosfatasa alcalina, tutores biliares y lesiones E3-E5 (análisis univariado). Los factores de riesgo para falla terapéutica fueron la reparación previa en otro centro, los tutores biliares y la reparación posterior a 1 semana tras la lesión (univariado y multivariado). CONCLUSIÓN: Pueden obtenerse buenos resultados en las reconstrucciones de vías biliares en centros especializados. Existen algunos factores de riesgo para los resultados de las reconstrucciones que deben de ser validados. BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury during cholecystectomy is a serious complication. Multiple factors may alter their outcome. ­. METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated our results following bile duct injury surgery repair and possible poor outcome risk factors from January 2008 to January 2017. RESULTS: 58 patients (72.4% female; mean age 41.8 years) were evaluated. 67.8% underwent open cholecystectomy as initial surgery. 79.3% of bile duct injury were diagnosed postoperatively. Mean referral time was 9 weeks and early (< 1 week) repair was performed in 27.6%. Most common lesion was Amsterdam type D (55.2%) and Bismuth-Strasberg E4 (34.5%). Morbidity was 39.6%. Biliary leak occurred in 10.3%, bilio-enteric stricture in 6.9% and recurrent cholangitis in 12.1%, with 3% perioperative mortality. There was an 81% treatment success rate (McDonald classification). Risk factors for complications were: low hemoglobin, low albumin, low alkaline phosphatase, biliary stents and E-3-E5 lesions (univariate analysis only). Risk factors for treatment failure were: previous repair outside our center, use of biliary stents and repair later than 1 week after lesion (univariate and multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Good efficacy and safety outcomes in bile repair surgery can be achieved in specialized centers. There are possible risk factors influencing outcomes that should be further validated.

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AIMS: To describe practice patterns and perspectives regarding pelvic organ prolapse (POP) management among urologists, gynecologists, and urogynecologists in Latin America (LATAM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2016 using a 37-item internet-based survey applied to members of urologic and gynecologic associations from 18 countries. Participants were asked about their background and practice patterns. Descriptive statistics were employed. RESULTS: A total of 673 responses were obtained. Most came from Colombia (33.6%) and Brazil (24.7%). The number of practitioners who perform at least one POP procedure per month and were eligible to finish the survey was 529 (78.6%), out of which 323 (61.0%) were urologists, 156 (29.5%) gynecologists, and 50 (9.5%) urogynecologists. Mesh-based POP repairs were used by 57.1% of participants. Out of non-mesh users, the most frequent vaginal procedures were sacrospinous fixation (30%), colporrhaphy (25%), and uterosacral fixation (12%). Regarding the impact of FDA warnings, 75.2% participants indicated that the use of mesh has declined, and 41.9% considered this has had a negative effect in the use of incontinence tapes as well. Only two physicians reported legal disputes related to mesh procedures, and 75.8% said they would still indicate mesh repairs in certain cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on POP practice patterns in LATAM. Preferences regarding surgical management of POP are not very different from international trends. Despite intense scrutiny and media exposure, mesh-based procedures are still largely used in LATAM.

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A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

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A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Deficits in ankle muscle strength and ankle stiffness may be present in those subjects who underwent surgical treatment for an Achilles tendon rupture. The presence of these long-term deficits may contribute to a lower performance during daily activities and may be linked to future injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the ankle passive stiffness and the plantar flexor muscle performance in patients who underwent unilateral surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture with nonsurgical subjects. METHOD: Twenty patients who underwent unilateral surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture [surgical (SU) group], and twenty nonsurgical subjects [non-surgical (NS) group] participated in this study. The ankle passive stiffness was evaluated using a clinical test. The concentric and eccentric plantar flexors performance (i.e. peak torque and work) was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at 30°/s. RESULTS: The surgical ankle of the surgical group presented lower stiffness compared to the non-surgical ankle (mean difference=3.790; 95%CI=1.23-6.35) and to the non-dominant ankle of the non-surgical group (mean difference=-3.860; 95%CI=-7.38 to -0.33). The surgical group had greater absolute asymmetry of ankle stiffness (mean difference=-2.630; 95%CI=-4.61 to -0.65) and greater absolute asymmetry of concentric (mean difference=-8.3%; 95%CI=-13.79 to -2.81) and eccentric (mean difference=-6.9%; 95%CI=-12.1 to -1.7) plantar flexor work compared to non-surgical group. There was no other difference in stiffness and plantar flexor performance. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent surgical repair of the Achilles tendon presented with long-term (1 year or more) deficits of ankle stiffness and asymmetries of ankle stiffness and plantar flexor work in the affected ankle compared to the uninjured side in the surgical group and both sides on the nonsurgical group.

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This study aimed to evaluate the long-term survival and risk factors of traditional open surgical repair (OSR) vs thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) for complicated type-B aortic dissection (TBAD). A total of 118 inpatients (45 OSR vs 73 TEVAR) with TBAD were enrolled from January 2004 to January 2015. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed to identify the long-term survival rate and independent predictors of survival, respectively. Meta-analysis was used to further explore the long-term efficacy of OSR and TEVAR in the eight included studies using Review Manager 5.2 software. An overall 10-year survival rate of 41.9% was found, and it was similar in the two groups (56.7% OSR vs 26.1% TEVAR; log-rank P=0.953). The risk factors of long-term survival were refractory hypertension (OR=11.1; 95%CI=1.428-86.372; P=0.021] and preoperative aortic diameter >55 mm (OR=4.5; 95%CI=1.842-11.346; P=0.001). Long-term survival rate did not differ significantly between OSR and TEVAR (hazard ratio=0.87; 95%CI=0.52-1.47; P=0.61). Compared with OSR, TEVAR did not show long-term advantages for patients with TBAD. Refractory hypertension and total aortic diameter >55 mm can be used to predict the long-term survival of TBAD in the Chinese Han population.

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Introducción: La incontinencia fecal mayor es un trastorno que modifica significativamente la calidad devida. Un grupo particularmente afectado son las mujeres con antecedentes de trauma obstétrico. Dentrode ellos, los más graves son los de cuarto grado que involucran la totalidad de las capas del tabique rectovaginal, produciendo una comunicación completa entre la luz rectal y la vagina, generando una cloaca. Sibien la incidencia de éstas, es de alrededor del 0,3% de los partos, el efecto que tiene sobre las pacienteses devastador. El único tratamiento efectivo para este tipo de lesiones es la reparación quirúrgica.Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que presenta la corrección quirúrgica de la cloaca por trauma obstétrico en lacalidad de vida de las afectadas.Material y Métodos: Análisis prospectivo secundario y ampliado de una serie consecutiva de pacientestratadas por desgarro perineal completo tipo cloaca durante el año 2013. Se evaluó la demografía de lamuestra, la paridad de las pacientes, el tiempo medio hasta la consulta desde el último parto, la manometríapre y postoperatoria, la evaluación de incontinencia fecal pre y postoperatorio. Para valorar la severidad dela incontinencia fecal se utilizó el índice CCF-FIS y el índice de severidad de incontinencia fecal (FISI). Parala evaluación de calidad de vida se utilizó la encuesta FIQLS de la Sociedad Americana de Cirujanos delColon y Recto (ASCRS).Resultados: Tres pacientes fueron intervenidas entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2013. En el examenfísico, el 100% de las pacientes presentaron una cloaca perineal. El score CCF-FIS preoperatorio fue del16,7 (16 a 18 puntos). El puntaje de FISI pre-operatorio fue de 54,3 (52 a 57). Las tres pacientes refirieronalteraciones en su actividad social y sexual. Se reevaluaron las pacientes al tercer mes de postoperatorio yluego del cierre de la colostomía...

Introduction: The major fecal incontinence is a disorder that significantly change the quality of life. Aparticularly affected group are women with a history of obstetric trauma and presenting demonstrationsimmediately. Among them, the most serious are the fourth degree involving all the layers of the rectovaginalseptum, producing a complete communication between the rectal lumen and vagina, creating a sewer.Although their incidence is about 0.3% of births, the effect on patients is devastating.Objective: To evaluate the impact making the surgical correction of the cloaca by obstetrical trauma in thequality of life of those affected.Material and Methods: Secondary and expanded Prospective analysis of a consecutive series of patientstreated by complete perineal tear type cloaca in 2013. The demographics of the sample was evaluated theparity of the patients, the median time to the query from the last delivery, pre and postoperative manometry,assessment of pre-and postoperative fecal incontinence. To assess the severity of fecal incontinence CCFFISindex and the severity of fecal incontinence (FISI) was used. The FIQLS survey by the American Societyof Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) was used for the evaluation of quality of lifeResults: Three patients were operated between January 2013 and December 2013 on physical examination, 100% of patients had a perineal cloaca. The CCF-FIS preoperative score was 16.67 (16-18 points). Thescore FISI pre-surgery was 54.33 (52-57). The three patients reported changes in their social and sexualactivity. Patients at the third month after surgery and after colostomy closure were reassessed...

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The modified Fontan procedure represents the final stage of reconstructive surgery for most patients with functionally univentricular hearts. Although outcomes following Fontan procedures performed at sea level are widely reported, less has been documented and reported concerning outcomes in regions at high altitude. To clarify the main features involved, we present our institutional experience with Fontan operations performed in Mexico city (2,240 m above the sea level), with an emphasis on historical evolution of treatment. A retrospective and observational study was undertaken, which included 98 patients over a period of 18 years, and clinical outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality were analyzed. A change in operative technique from intra-cardiac nonfenestrated Fontan procedure to extra-cardiac fenestrated technique occurred in 2001. Early mortality rates before and after this change in surgical approach were 26% and 4.7%, respectively. The most common morbidity was the occurrence of pleural effusions (98% of patients), which also appears to be a risk factor for operative mortality. Much remains unknown about the pathophysiology of the Fontan circulation at high altitude, and we need to develop morphological study protocols that include pulmonary biopsy to increase our knowledge and inform our therapeutic actions.

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Background: Incisional hernias are a potential complication of abdominal surgery. Tensión free surgical techniques using prosthetic materials are the ideal treatment. Aim: To report the preliminary experience in incisional hernia repair using the Prolene Hernia System® from Ethicon Endo-Surgery (Bracknell, UK). Material and Methods: Report of four operated males and one female aged 48 +/- 7 years. Results: Surgical time ranged from 30 to 55 minutes. Postoperative hospital stay was 24 hours. No patient had postoperative complications. No hernia relapse has been detected in the outpatient follow up. Conclusions: These preliminary results show a successful incisional hernia repair using the Prolene Hernia System® from Ethicon Endo-Surgery.

Introducción: La hernia incisional es una complicación potencial de cualquier cirugía laparotómica o laparoscópica. El tratamiento de las hernias incisionales es quirúrgico. En la actualidad, las técnicas libres de tensión con la utilización de materiales protésicos constituyen la elección en el tratamiento de la hernia incisional. Objetivo: Presentar un reporte preliminar de los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de hernias incisionales con Prolene Hernia System® de Ethicon Endo-Surgery (Bracknell, UK). Materiales y Método: Reporte de casos. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica utilizada y los criterios de selección para pacientes con hernia incisional que han sido tratados quirúrgicamente utilizando como material protésico Prolene Hernia System® a partir de Octubre de 2006. Los pacientes han tenido un seguimiento clínico periódico durante 2 años. Se reportan los resultados en términos de morbilidad y recidiva. Resultados: El reporte consta de 5 pacientes, 4 mujeres y 1 hombre. La edad promedio es de 48 + 6,39 años. El tiempo operatorio promedio de 45 minutos con una estadía hospitalaria de 24 horas. No se presentaron complicaciones en el período postoperatorio. Durante el seguimiento no se ha presentado recidiva hemiaria. Conclusiones: Prolene Hernia System® es una prótesis que proporciona un doble soporte de la pared abdominal, y teóricamente podría mejorar los resultados de la reparación hemiaria sin tensión. Estos resultados deben ser evaluados mediante estudios con un diseño apropiado a terapia y con seguimiento a largo plazo.

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Rotator cuff (RC) is crucial in shoulder’s movement. Lesions due to degenerative changes because of aging and activity are frequent. Surgery is an adequate approach when conservative measures have failed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and echographic evolution of patients with RC surgical repair. Methods: patients with arthroscopic RC repair underwent pre and postsurgical clinical–echographic evaluation. Results: From 24 evaluated shoulders, 8 were found to have RC tear and 24 were found to not have tear. Clinical evaluation improve substantially in both groups, with no statistical differences among them. Conclusion: There is a significant amount of patients without RC tear after surgical repair. Although there are patients with RC tear on the echographic evaluation, therte are no clinical differences compared with patients with no RC tear. Older has higher risk of retear.

El manguito rotador (MR), es fundamental para el movimiento del hombro. Su lesión es frecuente debido a los cambios degenerativos que ocurren con la edad y la actividad. La cirugía es la alternativa cuando fracasan los tratamientos conservadores. Se plantea un estudio que permita evaluar la evolución clínica y ecográfica de pacientes a los que se le reparó el MR. Metodología: A pacientes operados mediante reparación artroscópica del MR se les realizó ecografías de control y evaluación clínica del dolor pre y postquirúrgico. Resultados: De 24 hombros evaluados se encontró 16 sin rotura y 8 con rotura. La evaluación clínica mejoró sustancialmente en ambos grupos, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos. Conclusiones: Existe un porcentaje importante de pacientes con MR sin lesión completa posterior a reparación. A pesar de haber pacientes con rotura de MR en la evaluación ecográfica, no hay diferencias clínicas con respecto a los sin rotura. A mayor edad existe una mayor posibilidad de re-rotura.

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A retocele é uma disfunção pélvica pobremente diagnosticada, apesar de sua prevalência significativa. Seu reconhecimento é essencial para o tratamento de determinados casos, como constipação refratária. A sintomatologia é vaga, e nem sempre associada ao prolapso. O tratamento clínico é ineficaz quando utilizado isoladamente. Existem várias técnicas, e dentre elas a abordagem transperineal pode ser considerada uma opção adequada na correção do prolapso. Nas 12 pacientes objetos de nosso estudo, houve melhora significativa do padrão evacuatório, uma resposta aceitável no tratamento da dispareunia, com índice de recidiva tolerável e alto grau de satisfação pós-operatória. A comparação com as demais técnicas ainda exige estudos comparativos mais significativos, com amostras mais expressivas. Até o momento, qualquer análise comparativa entre as técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas pode ser falha.

Rectocele is a poorly diagnosed pelvic dysfunction, despite its significant prevalence. Its recognition is essential for the treatment of certain cases as refractory constipation. The symptoms are vague and not always associated with prolapse. Clinical treatment is ineffective when used alone. There are several techniques, being the transperineal approach an appropriate option for the correction of prolapse. The target of this data is a group of 12 female patients with rectocele: they experienced significant improvement in the defecation standard, an acceptable response in the treatment of dyspareunia, with acceptable recurrence rate and high degree of satisfaction after surgery. The comparison with other techniques still requires significant further comparative studies with samples more expressive. To date, any comparative analysis between the surgical techniques used may be failure.

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