RESUMO
Multi-environment trials are commonly used to assess cultivar adaptation patterns under different environmental conditions and to help make effective cultivar recommendations for growers. An example of a multi-environment trial system used for cultivar recommendations is the Polish Post-registration Variety Testing System. A common approach in cultivar recommendations is to evaluate the adaptability of cultivars across, or for, specific trial locations. However, the locations of the trials and the fields where a farmer will grow a crop are hardly ever in the same place. Therefore, it would be better to group the trial locations into regions and give recommendations for the whole region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grain yield adaptation patterns of 62 modern winter wheat cultivars in six agro-ecological regions of Poland for two crop management intensities over five growing seasons. The analysis of the grain yield data was performed separately for each intensity using single-stage approaches in linear mixed models. We ascertained that winter wheat yield variability was in the main determined by agro-ecological region and their interactions, and to a small extent by the cultivar effect. Cultivars Sailor and Linus were widely adapted to all agro-ecological regions studied for both crop management intensities. It is highly probable that these two cultivars will obtain high yield in all agro-ecological regions as well as with both crop management intensities studied. We observed high compatibility rankings between locations for both crop management intensities. High compatibility of the cultivar rankings in the trial locations also provides high precision when determining regions.(AU)
RESUMO
Multi-environment trials are commonly used to assess cultivar adaptation patterns under different environmental conditions and to help make effective cultivar recommendations for growers. An example of a multi-environment trial system used for cultivar recommendations is the Polish Post-registration Variety Testing System. A common approach in cultivar recommendations is to evaluate the adaptability of cultivars across, or for, specific trial locations. However, the locations of the trials and the fields where a farmer will grow a crop are hardly ever in the same place. Therefore, it would be better to group the trial locations into regions and give recommendations for the whole region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grain yield adaptation patterns of 62 modern winter wheat cultivars in six agro-ecological regions of Poland for two crop management intensities over five growing seasons. The analysis of the grain yield data was performed separately for each intensity using single-stage approaches in linear mixed models. We ascertained that winter wheat yield variability was in the main determined by agro-ecological region and their interactions, and to a small extent by the cultivar effect. Cultivars Sailor and Linus were widely adapted to all agro-ecological regions studied for both crop management intensities. It is highly probable that these two cultivars will obtain high yield in all agro-ecological regions as well as with both crop management intensities studied. We observed high compatibility rankings between locations for both crop management intensities. High compatibility of the cultivar rankings in the trial locations also provides high precision when determining regions.
RESUMO
Background: Genetic diversity studies are important for the selection of parents with a greater combination capacity that, when crossed, increase the chances of obtaining superior genotypes. Thus, 26 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 140 individual samples from 12 diploid sugar beet pollinators (pollen parents) and two cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines (seed parents). Eight pollinators originated from three research centers in the United States Department of Agriculture, while four pollinators and cms lines were from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Results: In total, 129 alleles were obtained, with a mean of 3.2 alleles per SSR marker. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.87 (mean = 0.30). Expected heterozygosity and Shannon's information index were the lowest for marker BQ590934 and the highest for markers SB15s and FDSB502s; the same markers were the most informative, with PIC values of 0.70 and 0.69, respectively. Three private alleles were found in pollinator EL0204; two in pollinator C51; and one in pollinators NS1, FC221, and C93035. Molecular variance showed that 77.34% of the total genetic variation was attributed to intrapopulation variability. Cluster and correspondence analysis grouped sugar beet pollinators according to the breeding centers, with few exceptions, which indicate that certain amount of germplasm was shared, although centers had their own breeding programs. Conclusions: The results indicate that this approach can improve the selection of pollinators as suitable parental components and could further be applied in sugar beet breeding programs.
Assuntos
Pólen/genética , Variação Genética , Beta vulgaris/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Sementes/genética , Seleção Genética , Cruzamento , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , DNA de Plantas/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polinização , GenótipoRESUMO
Indirect selection is a common practice in perennial crop breeding and has been frequently utilized for palms. Traits related to plant growth and heart-of-palm yield of the Australian king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl. & Drude) were studied in a 30 months old population, cultivated in Pariquera-Açu, SP, Brazil. The objective was to identify traits that can be subsequently used for the indication of plant prones to be harvested, as well as in the selection of superior palms. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the data. Among the twelve studied traits, the weights of edible basal stem, premium heart-of-palm, and heart-of-palm plus edible apical leaf presented the largest variability (CV above 53%). Smaller variability was observed for heart-of-palm diameter and length of the fourth leaf (CV between 26 and 22%). Highly positive correlation coefficients were found between heart-of-palm components (weight, diameter and length) and plant height and diameter. Among the vegetative traits, plant height contributed the most to the variation presented by the heart-of-palm total weight. It is a useful character, easily measurable and of non-destructive nature, that can be utilized to indicate the adequate timing for heart-of-palm harvesting, and for the selection of superior genotypes.
A seleção indireta é prática corrente no melhoramento de plantas perenes e vem sendo usada com sucesso em programas de melhoramento genético de palmeiras visando a produção de palmito. O objetivo do trabalho foi auxiliar na identificação dos caracteres de natureza não destrutiva que possam ser utilizados futuramente na indicação de palmeiras aptas à colheita e na seleção indireta de plantas superiores de palmeira real australiana (Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl. & Drude). Em uma população de palmeiras com 30 meses de cultivo, foram estudados seis caracteres relacionados ao crescimento e seis caracteres componentes da produção de palmito através de análises de variabilidade, correlação e regressão múltipla. Entre os doze caracteres, o peso do coração, o peso do palmito, e palmito mais banda, mostraram maior variabilidade (CV acima de 53%). Menor variabilidade foi encontrada para os caracteres diâmetro do palmito e comprimento da quarta folha (CV entre 26 e 22%). O peso, o diâmetro e o comprimento do palmito mostraram-se positivamente correlacionados com a altura e o diâmetro da planta. Entre os caracteres vegetativos não destrutíveis avaliados, a altura da planta foi o que mais contribuiu para a variação apresentada pelo peso total do palmito. Constitui assim um caráter útil, facilmente mensurável e de natureza não destrutiva que pode ser usado tanto para indicação de ponto ótimo de corte, quanto para a seleção de genótipos superiores dessa palmeira.
RESUMO
Indirect selection is a common practice in perennial crop breeding and has been frequently utilized for palms. Traits related to plant growth and heart-of-palm yield of the Australian king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl. & Drude) were studied in a 30 months old population, cultivated in Pariquera-Açu, SP, Brazil. The objective was to identify traits that can be subsequently used for the indication of plant prones to be harvested, as well as in the selection of superior palms. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the data. Among the twelve studied traits, the weights of edible basal stem, premium heart-of-palm, and heart-of-palm plus edible apical leaf presented the largest variability (CV above 53%). Smaller variability was observed for heart-of-palm diameter and length of the fourth leaf (CV between 26 and 22%). Highly positive correlation coefficients were found between heart-of-palm components (weight, diameter and length) and plant height and diameter. Among the vegetative traits, plant height contributed the most to the variation presented by the heart-of-palm total weight. It is a useful character, easily measurable and of non-destructive nature, that can be utilized to indicate the adequate timing for heart-of-palm harvesting, and for the selection of superior genotypes.
A seleção indireta é prática corrente no melhoramento de plantas perenes e vem sendo usada com sucesso em programas de melhoramento genético de palmeiras visando a produção de palmito. O objetivo do trabalho foi auxiliar na identificação dos caracteres de natureza não destrutiva que possam ser utilizados futuramente na indicação de palmeiras aptas à colheita e na seleção indireta de plantas superiores de palmeira real australiana (Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl. & Drude). Em uma população de palmeiras com 30 meses de cultivo, foram estudados seis caracteres relacionados ao crescimento e seis caracteres componentes da produção de palmito através de análises de variabilidade, correlação e regressão múltipla. Entre os doze caracteres, o peso do coração, o peso do palmito, e palmito mais banda, mostraram maior variabilidade (CV acima de 53%). Menor variabilidade foi encontrada para os caracteres diâmetro do palmito e comprimento da quarta folha (CV entre 26 e 22%). O peso, o diâmetro e o comprimento do palmito mostraram-se positivamente correlacionados com a altura e o diâmetro da planta. Entre os caracteres vegetativos não destrutíveis avaliados, a altura da planta foi o que mais contribuiu para a variação apresentada pelo peso total do palmito. Constitui assim um caráter útil, facilmente mensurável e de natureza não destrutiva que pode ser usado tanto para indicação de ponto ótimo de corte, quanto para a seleção de genótipos superiores dessa palmeira.