RESUMO

Depression is one of the most frequent mental health disorders in college students and variations according to social and economic factors have been reported, however, whether social and economic variations also exist in subthreshold depression is still unknown, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of subthreshold depressive episode (SDE) and major depressive episode (MDE) and to examine the association between social and economic factors with SDE and MDE in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 1,577 college students from a university in the south of Chile (64.6% females, 22 years old on average). The participants took an online survey in November 2020 which collected information about social and economic variables, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. The results showed a high prevalence of SDE (14.3%) and MDE (32.3%) in the sample. Belonging to a social group and perceiving positive social support were the only variables examined that were associated with SDE. Instead, female sex, poorer quintiles, living with other relatives but not parents, economic difficulties due to the pandemic, being a parent, and perceiving positive social support were associated with MDE. Subthreshold and threshold depressive symptoms are frequent in college students, and associations with social and economic factors differ according to the level of such symptoms. These results should be considered in the development of tailored preventive and early interventions for depression in college students.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology are common but often neglected in older adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess rates of depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology, and the characteristics associated, among older adults living in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil. METHODS: This study is part of the PROACTIVE cluster randomised controlled trial. 3356 adults aged 60+ years and registered in 20 primary health clinics were screened for depressive symptomatology with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depressive status was classified according to the total PHQ-9 score and the presence of core depressive symptoms (depressed mood and anhedonia) as follows: no depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score 0-4, or 5-9 but with no core depressive symptom); subthreshold depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score 5-9 and at least one core depressive symptom); and depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10). Sociodemographic information and self-reported chronic conditions were collected. Relative risk ratios and 95% CIs were obtained using a multinomial regression model. RESULTS: Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology were present in 30% and 14% of the screened sample. Depressive symptomatology was associated with female gender, low socioeconomic conditions and presence of chronic conditions, whereas subthreshold depressive symptomatology was only associated with female gender and having hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology is highly prevalent in this population registered with primary care clinics. Strategies managed by primary care non-mental health specialists can be a first step for improving this alarming and neglected situation among older adults.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aims to carry out a narrative review, aiming to update the literature on subsyndromic depression (SD), which is the most prevalent depressive disorder in older adults, and no formal guidelines or consensus are dedicated to this topic. We carried out an electronic search for articles on SD. Relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science using the search terms "subthreshold depression," "prevalence," "treatment" and "older adults" in several combinations. Original articles in English were included from inception to 1st March 2019. No clear consensus exists in the literature on its nosologic classification, diagnostic tools, causes, course, outcomes or management. SD diagnosis should base in depressive symptoms scales and DSM criteria. Treatment relies mainly on collaborative care and psychotherapy. SD is relevant in clinical practice and research in geriatric psychiatry. Given the negative outcomes and potential benefits of treatment, we recommend brief psychotherapy as first-line treatment and use of psychotropic agents in cases with greater severity and/or functional impairment in association with psychotherapy. SD can precede major depressive disorder, but it also may consist of a primary depressive disorder in older adults. Furthermore, adequate treatment of SD can prevent or reduce negative outcomes associated with depressive symptoms such as worsening of clinical comorbidities, loss of functionality, increased demand for health services, and increased mortality.

RESUMO

Background: Depression is common, disabling and often has its onset in adolescents. Adolescents with depression are at high risk for persistence and recurrence of depression into adulthood. Subthreshold forms of depression in adolescents are also common. Objective: To retrospectively reconstruct the period leading up to the first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a sample of adolescents. It is hypothesized that it is possible to analyse this period in detail and explore all possible symptoms, syndromes and possible risk factors associated with it. Method: To recruit a series of first episode MDD subjects from the Older Adolescent Service (OAS) of ORYGEN Youth Health. Subjects and informants are to be interviewed about the period leading up to the depressive episode using a combination of unstructured and semi-structured techniques. Analysis: Textual data will be explored and categories generated with the aid of the software package N-VIVO. Discussion: The findings could lay the groundwork for the development of quantitative methodologies for assessing and measuring first depressive phenomena. This has the potential to lead to the early recognition and more accurate prediction of subsequent depression.

Antecedentes: la depresión es común e incapacitante y con frecuencia inicia en la adolescencia. Los adolescentes con depresión presentan alto riesgo para la persistencia y recurrencia de depresión en la vida adulta. Formas subclínicas de depresión también son comunes en la adolescencia. Objetivos: reconstruir retrospectivamente el periodo que conduce al primer episodio de trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) en un muestra de adolescentes. Se establece la hipótesis de que es posible analizar este periodo en detalle y explorar todos los posibles síntomas, síndromes y factores de riesgo asociados. Método: inscribir una serie de sujetos con primer episodio de TDM provenientes del Servicio del Adolescente Mayor (SAM) de ORYGEN. Los sujetos y los informantes son entrevistados acerca del periodo conducente al episodio depresivo, usando una combinación de técnicas estructuradas y semiestructuradas. Análisis: se exploran los datos textuales y se generan categorías con la ayuda de un programa de software N-VIVO. Discusión: estos hallazgos podrían ser la base en el desarrollo de metodologías cuantitativas para evaluar y medir los primeros fenómenos depresivos. Tienen el potencial para llevar al reconocimiento temprano y a una predicción más acertada de depresión subsecuente.