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In this research, we developed a biochar-based fertilizer using biogas slurry and biochar derived from lignocellulosic agro-residues. Biogas slurry was obtained through the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (fresh vegetable biomass and/or prepared food), while biochars were derived from residues from quinoa, maize, rice, and sugarcane. The biochar-based fertilizers were prepared using an impregnation process, where the biogas slurry was mixed with each of the raw biochars. Subsequently, we characterized the N, P and K concentrations of the obtained biochar-based fertilizers. Additionally, we analyzed their surface properties using SEM/EDS and FTIR and conducted a slow-release test on these biochar-based fertilizers to assess their capability to gradually release nutrients. Lastly, a bioassay using cucumber plants was conducted to determine the N, P, and K bioavailability. Our findings revealed a significant correlation (r > 0.67) between the atomic O/C ratio, H/C ratio, cation exchange capacity, surface area, and the base cations concentration with N, P, and/or K adsorption on biochar. These properties, in turn, were linked to the capability of the biochar-based fertilizer to release nutrients in a controlled manner. The biochar-based fertilizer derived from corn residues showed <15 % release of N, P and K at 24 h. Utilization of these biochar-based fertilizers had a positive impact on the mineral nutrition of cucumber plants, resulting in an average increase of 61 % in N, 32 % in P, and 19 % in K concentrations. Our results underscore the potential of biochar-based fertilizers in controlled nutrient release and enhanced plant nutrition. Integration of biochar and biogas slurry offers a promising and sustainable approach for NPK recovery and fertilizer production in agriculture. This study presents an innovative and sustainable approach combining the use of biochar for NPK recovery from biogas slurry and its use as a biochar-based fertilizer in agriculture.

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Sewage sludge contains plant nutrients and organic matter in its composition, making it a potential partial substitute for mineral fertilizers if it meets environmental, agronomic, and sanitary standards. The objective was to evaluate the content of nutrients and heavy metals in the sludge generated in four wastewater treatment stations (WWTPs) in Rio de Janeiro state and assess its potential value and usefulness. The samples of 19 batches from the WTTPs Alegria, Barra da Tijuca, Ilha do Governador, and Sarapuí were analyzed. The WWTPs differ in methods and processes used for treating sewage and sludge. The total contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Na, Co, Mn, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Pb, and Zn were evaluated, as well as the ratio C/N, pH, organic matter content, and electrical conductivity. The grouping of sludge samples was assessed using principal components (PCA) and cluster analysis. The economic valuation of sludge was conducted utilizing the substitute goods method, which compared the sludge's N-P-K contents with the prices of consolidated nutrient sources. All the evaluated sludge batches exhibited concentrations of heavy metals below the limits allowed by Brazilian law, along with high levels of nutrients and organic matter. Considering the chemical characteristics, all evaluated materials showed potential for agricultural use, but it is crucial to evaluate the microbiological characteristics of sludge batches before agriculture application. PCA and cluster analysis demonstrated that sludge samples from the same WWTP clustered close to each other, demonstrating higher similarity among themselves than with samples from other WWTPs. The sludge had an average added value of U$ 88.46 per megagram, considering the total contents of N, P, and K in its composition. Land application of sewage sludge can reduce the need to purchase mineral fertilizers, thereby supporting the feasibility of reusing this material in the agricultural sector.

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Nowadays, it is almost impossible to argue about global development without immediately stopping to think about waste; it is claimed that waste materials are correlated with the growth of the population as a consequence of consumption habits. The applied multivariable statistical analysis, both quantitative and qualitative of the BIG DATA of the OECD in the period of 1960-2050 of the World Bank from the decades of 1990-2020, and SCOPUS (1996-2020) using applied multivariate statistics. The results reveal that consumption habits are strongly influenced by access to public services more than by purchasing power, in addition, it was determined that the rate of subscriptions to cellular service is a catalyst for population indicators and ordinary waste middle tight (RO) of 0.96 m3 for person daily, study shows the trace of evolution due to the most significant advance in communication technologies, important findings for the construction of solutions within the concepts of circular economy, sustainable development, social market economy, and social responsibility.

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The waste generated by the global fishing industry, such as fish scales, is mostly considered useless and discarded in a disorderly and/or unplanned way in inappropriate places, posing serious risks to both the environment and human health. This study proposes the use of fish scales in combustion processes as an alternative for such residues and to avoid their exposure in urban areas. Combustion experiments were conducted in a drop tube furnace (DTF), and the factors temperature, residence time, and sample particle size were investigated. The main atmospheric pollutants (CO, NO, CO2, and SO2) and the residues generated from the combustion processes were characterized by FTIR, EDS and ICP-OES analyses, and SEM images. The samples showed better performance at 1100 °C and 500 -ms residence time, when the burnout reached 96%, and particle size greater than 300-µm and 300-ms residence time led to the worst combustion performance (24.45% burnout), with the highest CO and NO peaks, indicating incomplete combustion of the fish scales. The analysis of the residues revealed total decomposition of the organic matter at temperatures above 700 °C and formation of hydroxyapatite. According to the DTF results, the use of fish scales in firing processes is a viable treatment of the residues, generating energy and avoiding environmental problems caused by inadequate disposal.

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This article presents an approach to compensate waste pickers in the informal sector of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, via a Payment for Urban Environmental Services (PUES) instrument, called 'Recycling Exchange'. The aim is to evaluate the effects of this instrument on the amount of waste diverted from landfill and reintroduced into the production chain, and to increase recognition of waste pickers' contributions to the state's economy. It was found that the 'Recycling Exchange' met the fundamental objectives of a PUES: the double social and economic benefits of the social inclusion of waste pickers in the execution of the public policy for solid waste management, and inducing (in the case of glass), ensuring and stabilising (plastic and paper) continuity of the activity of selling recyclables in times of wide price fluctuations for these recyclables. The instrument enhanced the provision of this environmental service and the positive externalities associated with recycling.

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The search for renewable energies has been one of the biggest challenges of the last decades. Sludge and solid wastes of many sources have been used to produce biogas of high calorific value. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the biogas production of solid waste originating from a tannery that uses chromium salts as a tanning agent and to characterize the physicochemical parameters and microbial composition of the biogas-producing biomass. Wastes were collected and the parameters were evaluated at the initial and final time points of the anaerobic incubation process. At the end of 150 days, there was a production of 26.1 mL g-1 VSS of biogas with 52% of methane. The highest amount of biomethane observed was related to the archaeal family Methanosaetaceae and bacterial order Bacteroidales. Knowledge about changes in the microbial composition can provide tools for manipulation, isolation, and inoculation of the microorganisms inside the bioreactors to maximize methane production.

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O presente estudo objetivou analisar as condições socioeconômicas, de saúde e hábitos de vida dos catadores de material reciclável em duas cooperativas no município de Guanambi - Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, analítica e exploratória e todos os catadores foram entrevistados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Houve predominância da faixa etária entre 30 a 58 anos (80%) (p = 0,007), pardos (55%) (p = 0,02), casados (45%) (p = 0,02), com 2 a 3 filhos (55%) (p = 0,03). Os catadores informaram que começaram a trabalhar com menos de 18 anos (85%) (p = 0,002), e recebem uma renda mensal de até 1 salário mínimo com o trabalho de reciclagem (75%) (p = 0,02). Em relação às condições de saúde, 75% afirmaram que possuem Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) (p = 0,02), no entanto 80% (p = 0,02) não utilizaram o EPI e não consideram que seu trabalho pode provocar problema de saúde (75%) (p = 0,02). Percebe-se que os catadores de material reciclável precisam intensificar o uso dos EPI's, visando minimizar os danos com a saúde, além de melhorias na renda e na qualidade de vida.

The social, economic, health and lifestyle conditions of collectors of recyclable material from two coops in Guanambi, Brazil, are analyzed through a descriptive, analytic and exploratory research. All collectors were interviewed by a half-structured questionnaire. Predominant age bracket lay between 30 and 58 years (80%) (p= 0.007), brown colored (55%) (p= 0.02), married (45%) (p= 0.02), with 2 - 3 children (55%) (p= 0.03). Collectors informed that they started work when they were under 18 years old and received a month wage of up to one minimum wage, by collecting recycling material (75%) (p= 0.02). With regard to health conditions, 75% stated that had individual protection equipment (EPI) (p= 0.02), but 80% (p= 0.02) failed to use it, insisting that their work does not cause health problems (75%) (p= 0.02). It should be underscored that collectors should improve their earnings and life quality and use their equipments to minimize health risks.

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RESUMO Os aterros sanitários (ASs) são considerados uma das soluções mais utilizadas para a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSUs) em países em desenvolvimento. Entretanto, um dos problemas são os valores elevados de deslocamentos verticais (recalques), pois os resíduos são muito compressíveis, sofrem degradação com o tempo e, consequentemente, podem ocasionar danos nos sistemas estruturais dos ASs. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os recalques de dois ASs verificando a eficiência de alguns modelos de previsão de recalques. A avaliação foi realizada nos ASs de Minas do Leão e de São Leopoldo, comparando os recalques medidos com os previstos e ajustando os modelos utilizados com base nos dados históricos. A partir das análises realizadas, foi possível verificar que os quatro modelos analisados obtiveram boa aderência entre os valores medidos e previstos.

ABSTRACT Landfills are considered one of the best solutions for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries. However, one problem is the high values of vertical displacements (settlements), because the residues are very compressible and undergo degradation with time and consequently may cause damage to structural systems landfill. Theobjective is to evaluate the settlements of two landfills checking the efficiency of some settlements prediction models. The evaluation was performed in Minas do Leão and São Leopoldo Landfills, comparing the measured settlements with the predicted and adjusting the models used based on historical data. From the analyzes, we found that the four analyzed models showed good adhesion between the measured and predicted values.

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Biomethanization entails a good means to reduce the organic fraction (OF) derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW). The bacterial diversity of a full scale MSW anaerobic reactor located in Madrid (Spain) was investigated using high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. Even though the proteolytic bacteria prevailed throughout all of the process, community shifts were observed from the start-up to the steady-state conditions, with an increasing biodiversity displayed over time. The Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes were the majority phyla: 55.1 and 40.2% (start-up) and 18.7 and 78.7 (steady-state) of the total reads. The system's lack of evenness remains noteworthy as the sequences affiliated to the proteolytic non-saccharolytic Proteiniphylum, Gallicola and Fastidiosipila genera, together with the saccharolytic Saccharofermentans, were predominant on the system and this predominance appears to correlate with the presence of a high ammonium concentration. The 454 pyrosequencing revealed a great diversity of rare organisms which seemingly do not sustain any metabolic roles in the course of the OF-MSW degradation. However, this scarce and unique microbiota can confer great resilience to the system as a buffer against nutritional and environmental changing conditions, thus opening the door to increase the current knowledge about the bacterial community dynamics taking place during MSW treatment processes.

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Microplastics such as pellets have been reported for many years on sandy beaches around the globe. Nevertheless, high variability is observed in their estimates and distribution patterns across the beach environment are still to be unravelled. Here, we investigate the small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of pellets in the intertidal zone of a sandy beach and evaluate factors that can increase the variability in data sets. The abundance of pellets was estimated during twelve consecutive tidal cycles, identifying the position of the high tide between cycles and sampling drift-lines across the intertidal zone. We demonstrate that beach dynamic processes such as the overlap of strandlines and artefacts of the methods can increase the small-scale variability. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the methodological considerations needed to understand the distribution of pellets in the beach environment, with special implications for studies focused on patterns of input.

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One of the consequences of industrial food production activities is the generation of high volumes of waste, whose disposal can be problematic, since it occupies large spaces, and when poorly managed can pose environmental and health risks for the population. The rice industry is an important activity and generates large quantities of waste. The main solid wastes generated in the rice production cycle include straw, husk, ash, bran and broken rice. As such, the aim of this article is to present a review of this cycle, the waste generated and the identification of opportunities to use them. Owing to impacts that can be minimised with the application of rice husk ash as a by-product, this work is focused on the recycling of the main wastes. In order to achieve that, we performed theoretical research about the rice production cycle and its wastes. The findings point to the existence of an environmentally suitable use for all wastes from the rice production cycle. As rice, bran and broken rice have their main use in the food industry, the other wastes are highly studied in order to find solutions instead of landfilling. Straw can be used for burning or animal feeding. The husk can be used for poultry farming, composting or burning. In the case of burning, it has been used as biomass to power reactors to generate thermal or electrical energy. This process generates rice husk ash, which shows potential to be used as a by-product in many different applications, but not yet consolidated.

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With a coastline of 8500 km, Brazil has 34 public ports and various private terminals, which together in 2012 handled 809 million tonnes of goods. The solid wastes produced (from port activities, ships and cargoes) pose a highly relevant problem, both due to the quantity and diversity, requiring a complex and integrated set of practices resulting from legal requirements and proactive initiatives. The main Brazilian law on solid waste management is recent (Law 12,305/2010) and the specific rules on solid waste in ports are badly in need of revision to meet the challenges caused by expansion of the sector and to harmonize them with the best global practices. This paper analyzes the current legal/regulatory framework for solid waste management at Brazilian ports and compares this structure with the practice in Europe. At the end, we suggest initiatives to improve the regulation of solid wastes at Brazilian ports.

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The work of recycling solid waste segregators allows a precarious livelihood, but triggers a disease process that exacerbates their health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of occupational accidents at the open dump in the Federal District and its associated factors. Most segregators have had an accident at work (55.5%), perceived the danger of their working environment (95.0%) and claimed they did not receive personal protective equipment (51.7%). Among other findings, 55.8% ate foods found in the trash, 50.0% experienced food insecurity at home and 44.8% received Bolsa Família. There was a statistically significant relationship between work accidents and perception of dangerous work environment, household food insecurity and the presence of fatigue, stress or sadness (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the fellowship between the segregators was associated with a lower prevalence of accidents (p < 0.006). Women are the majority of the segregators (56.5%) and reported more accidents than men (p < 0.025). We conclude that the solid waste segregators constitute a vulnerable community, not only from the perspective of labor, but also from the social and environmental circumstances. To reverse this situation, effective implementation of the National Policy of Solid Wastes is imperative, in association with affirmative policies to grant economic emancipation for this population.

O trabalho de catadores de resíduos sólidos recicláveis gera um precário sustento, porém desencadeia processos de adoecimento que agravam sua condição de vida. Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de acidentes de trabalho no lixão do Distrito Federal e fatores associados. Observou-se que a maioria dos catadores já se acidentou no trabalho (55,5%), tem noção da periculosidade do ambiente de trabalho (95,0%) e alega não receber equipamento de proteção individual (51,7%). Dentre outros achados, 55,8% já comeu alimentos encontrados no lixo, 50,0% vivenciava insegurança alimentar em seus domicílios e 44,8% recebia Bolsa Família. Constatou-se relação estatisticamente significativa entre acidentes de trabalho e percepção de trabalho perigoso, alegação de cansaço, estresse ou tristeza e insegurança alimentar (p < 0,05). Por outro lado a percepção de companheirismo entre os catadores esteve associada à menor prevalência de acidentes (p < 0,006). As mulheres são a maioria dos catadores (56,5%) e se acidentam mais que os homens (p < 0,025). Conclui-se que esta comunidade de catadores apresenta alta vulnerabilidade, não somente pela ótica da saúde do trabalhador, mas também pelas questões socioambientais envolvidas. Para a reversão desse quadro torna-se imperativa a efetiva implantação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, associada a políticas de inclusão social e de emancipação econômica dessa população.

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Analisar a percepção de atores sociais responsáveis pela gestão de resíduos sólidos no município de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, no contexto da dengue. Métodos: Trata-se de umapesquisa inserida em um estudo multicêntrico, descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa, realizada no período de outubro a novembro de 2010. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas abertas com os representantes da Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente e Controle Urbano, as quais receberam análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se as seguintes categorias: características das instituições; hábito do mau acondicionamento; importância damultidisciplinaridade; possíveis soluções. Há uma complexidade sociocultural relacionada ao mau acondicionamento do lixo, sendo necessário maior envolvimento multidisciplinar. Conclusão: As percepções desses atores refletem que a população, independentemente dofator econômico, possui o hábito de descarte inadequado do lixo, com o agravamento da falta de estrutura para trânsito dos caminhões de coleta, sendo possível verificar a complexa relação entre dengue e lixo, a qual depende de mudança de hábitos, educação e investimentos governamentais...

To analyze the perception of social actors responsible for managing solid waste in the city of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, in the context of dengue.Methods: The research, comprisedin a multicenter study, is descriptive, exploratory and qualitative, performed in October and November 2010. Data was collected through open interviews with representatives of theMunicipal Secretariat for the Environment and Urban Control (Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente e Controle Urbano), that were submitted to the content analysis.Results: The following categories were evidenced: characteristics of institutions; habit of poor wasteconditioning; important role of multidisciplinarity; possible solutions. There is a socio- cultural complexity related to poor waste conditioning, requiring greater multidisciplinaryinvolvement. Conclusion: Perceptions of these actors reflect that the population has the habit of improper refuse disposal, regardless of economic features and worsened by the lackof infrastructure for the transit of collection trucks, also being possible to verify the complex relationship between dengue and garbage, which depends on changes in habits, education and government investments...

Analizar la percepción de los actores sociales responsables de la gestión de residuos sólidos en el municipio de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, en el contexto de la dengue. Métodos:Se trata de una investigación de un estudio multicéntrico, es descriptiva, exploratoria y cualitativa, realizada en el período de octubre a noviembre de 2010. Se recogieron los datosa través de entrevistas abiertas con los representantes de la Secretaria Municipal del Medio Ambiente y Control Urbano en las cuales se realizó el análisis de contenido. Resultados Se evidenció las siguientes categorías: características de las instituciones; hábito del mal acondicionamiento; la importancia de la multidisciplinaridad; posibles soluciones. Hay una complejidad sociocultural relacionada al mal acondicionamiento de la basura, siendo necesario más implicación multidisciplinar. Conclusión:Las percepciones de esos actores reflejan que la población, independientemente del factor económico, posee el hábito de tirar la basura de manera inadecuada asociado al agravo de la falta de estructura para el tráfico de camiones de recogida, siendo posible verificar la compleja relación entre el dengue y la basura, la cual depende de cambios de hábitos,educación e inversiones del gobierno...

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A redução da geração de resíduos sólidos é a prioridade para o manejo dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil, de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Este texto apresenta dados sobre a evolução da geração per capita de resíduos sólidos no Brasil e em outros países desenvolvidos, bem como os esforços e as dificuldades encontradas por estes últimos para a sua redução ou estabilização. São levantadas hipóteses sobre fatores sociais, econômicos e culturais que interferem no consumo e na consequente geração de resíduos sólidos, visando contribuir com o debate sobre o tema. Em uma primeira análise sobre a evolução da geração per capita dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil verifica-se uma maior propensão ao seu crescimento em função, principalmente, da melhoria da renda da população pobre e fatores culturais como a redução do tamanho das famílias e a entrada da mulher no mercado de trabalho.

Reducing solid wastes generation is a priority for solid waste management in Brazil, according to the National Policy of Solid Waste. This paper presents data on trends in per capita solid wastes generation in Brazil, and in other developed countries, as well as the efforts and difficulties to reduce or stabilize that flow. In order to contribute to the debate on the subject, some hypotheses are raised about social, economic and cultural factors that affect consumption and the consequent generation of solid wastes. In a first analysis of the evolution of the per capita generation of solid wastes in Brazil, there is a greater propensity for growth due mainly to the improvement in the income of the poor and to cultural factors, such as reduction of the family size and inclusion of women in the labor market.

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Objetivo: Abordar os fatores necessários ao desenvolvimento de um plano de ação no sentido da construção de políticas públicas saudáveis no âmbito habitacional. Síntese dos dados: Como método utilizado conjuga-se conceito e prática da habitação saudável e de outros conceitos correlatos, como ambiente e entorno saudável, padrão de habitabilidade, fator de risco, atenção primária ambiental, vigilância em saúde ambiental e sobre as dimensões da habitação: cultural, econômica, ecológica, sociológica e da saúde humana. Caracteriza-se, assim, a metodologia como aplicável a diagnósticos diferenciados para construção de espaços saudáveis e sustentáveis. A estratégia de habitação saudável aplicada à unidade residencial e à biossegurança é instrumento para avaliação dos fatores de risco presentes na gestão ambiental dos espaços e de seus resíduos. Conclusões: O processo de transformação da unidade residencial em um espaço saudável e sustentável, que demanda o cumprimento de exigências básicas humanas, é fundamental a sua incorporação às políticas de saúde ambiental, cujas diretrizes são suportes necessários à realização de ações, sejam de cunho individual e/ou coletivo.

Objective: To address the factors needed to develop an action plan towards building healthy public policy within the housing. Data Synthesis: As applied method, we combine concept and practice of healthy housing and other related concepts such as environment and healthy surroundings, standard housing, risk factor, primary environmental care, environmental health surveillance and on the dimensions of housing: cultural, economic, ecological, sociological and human health. Therefore, we characterize the methodology as applicable to different diagnoses for building healthy and sustainable spaces. The strategy applied to healthy housing and the residential unit is an instrument for biosafety assessment of risk factors in environmental management of spaces and their waste. Conclusions: The process of transforming a residential unit in a healthy and sustainable space, which demands the fulfillment of basic human requirements, is fundamental to its incorporation into environmental health policies, which guidelines are needed to support implementation of actions, whether of individual and/or of collective nature.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre residência próxima a aterros de resíduos sólidos e a ocorrência de câncer e malformações congênitas nessas populações vizinhas. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados e geocodificados óbitos ocorridos no período de 1998 a 2002 entre residentes do município de São Paulo, SP, segundo causas selecionadas. No período avaliado ocorreram 351 óbitos por câncer de fígado, 160 de bexiga e 224 por leucemia em adultos, 25 óbitos por leucemia entre crianças e 299 por malformação congênita nas áreas próximas aos aterros. Buffers com raios de 2 km em torno de 15 aterros delimitaram as áreas expostas. Razões de mortalidade padronizadas de cada desfecho foram analisadas em modelos espaciais bayesianos. RESULTADOS: De modo geral, os maiores valores das razões de mortalidade padronizadas localizam-se em áreas mais centrais do município e os aterros, nas áreas mais periféricas. As razões de mortalidade padronizadas não indicaram excesso de risco para os residentes nas áreas próximas aos aterros de resíduos sólidos no município de São Paulo. Para aterros em funcionamento encontrou-se risco aumentado para câncer de bexiga, fígado e para mortes por malformações congênitas, porém, sem significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: Não se encontrou aumento no risco de câncer ou de malformações congênitas nas áreas vizinhas aos depósitos de resíduos urbanos do município de São Paulo. As fracas associações e a imprecisão das estimativas obtidas não permitem estabelecer relação causal.

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O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir a respeito de uma intervenção da área de psicologia comunitária em uma cooperativa de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos. A intervenção inseriu-se em um projeto mais amplo, que envolvia as áreas de engenharia, administração e pró-reitoria comunitária. A intervenção da psicologia consistiu em entrevistas individuais, apoio psicossocial aos cooperados, realização de um grupo operativo que envolvia todos os cooperados e o acompanhamento das assembleias gerais da cooperativa. O grupo operativo tinha como objetivo abordar as dificuldades vividas no cotidiano de trabalho do grupo em questão. Realizamos a análise dessa intervenção tendo como referencial teórico a psicanálise de grupos. Levantamos a hipótese de que o significante "lixo" poderia funcionar como um organizador psíquico grupal. Haveria uma oscilação no grupo entre a representação do lixo (inútil, sujo, indesejável) e a representação dos resíduos sólidos e material reciclável (recurso útil, cuidado ambiental, ecologia). Tal hipótese nos levou a desenvolver intervenções que pudessem, a partir de ações concretas junto ao grupo, explicitar e integrar esses aspectos dissociados: por um lado, a vivência de grande desvalorização e desamparo, por outro, uma potência de crescimento, organização e desenvolvimento(AU)

This article aims to reflect on an intervention in community psychology in a cooperative recycling of solid wastes. The intervention was part of a broader project that involved the engineering, administration and pro-rectory of community. The psychology intervention consisted of individual interviews, psychosocial support to members, execution of an operative group involving all cooperates and monitoring of the general assembly of the cooperative. The operative group had intended to address difficulties experienced in daily work life of the group in question. We performed the analysis of this intervention utilizing as theoretical framework the psychoanalysis of groups. We hypothesize that the significant "garbage" could working as a psychic group organizer. There would be an oscillation in the group between the representation of garbage (useless, dirty, undesirable) and the representation of the solid wastes and recyclable materials (usefull resource, environmental care, ecology). Such hypothesis led us to develop interventions that could, from concrete actions with the group, explicit and integrate these dissociated aspects: on one hand, the experience of large devaluation and helplessness, on the other, power of growth, organization and development(AU)

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O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir a respeito de uma intervenção da área de psicologia comunitária em uma cooperativa de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos. A intervenção inseriu-se em um projeto mais amplo, que envolvia as áreas de engenharia, administração e pró-reitoria comunitária. A intervenção da psicologia consistiu em entrevistas individuais, apoio psicossocial aos cooperados, realização de um grupo operativo que envolvia todos os cooperados e o acompanhamento das assembleias gerais da cooperativa. O grupo operativo tinha como objetivo abordar as dificuldades vividas no cotidiano de trabalho do grupo em questão. Realizamos a análise dessa intervenção tendo como referencial teórico a psicanálise de grupos. Levantamos a hipótese de que o significante "lixo" poderia funcionar como um organizador psíquico grupal. Haveria uma oscilação no grupo entre a representação do lixo (inútil, sujo, indesejável) e a representação dos resíduos sólidos e material reciclável (recurso útil, cuidado ambiental, ecologia). Tal hipótese nos levou a desenvolver intervenções que pudessem, a partir de ações concretas junto ao grupo, explicitar e integrar esses aspectos dissociados: por um lado, a vivência de grande desvalorização e desamparo, por outro, uma potência de crescimento, organização e desenvolvimento.

This article aims to reflect on an intervention in community psychology in a cooperative recycling of solid wastes. The intervention was part of a broader project that involved the engineering, administration and pro-rectory of community. The psychology intervention consisted of individual interviews, psychosocial support to members, execution of an operative group involving all cooperates and monitoring of the general assembly of the cooperative. The operative group had intended to address difficulties experienced in daily work life of the group in question. We performed the analysis of this intervention utilizing as theoretical framework the psychoanalysis of groups. We hypothesize that the significant "garbage" could working as a psychic group organizer. There would be an oscillation in the group between the representation of garbage (useless, dirty, undesirable) and the representation of the solid wastes and recyclable materials (usefull resource, environmental care, ecology). Such hypothesis led us to develop interventions that could, from concrete actions with the group, explicit and integrate these dissociated aspects: on one hand, the experience of large devaluation and helplessness, on the other, power of growth, organization and development.

Assuntos

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación del crecimiento, desarrollo y viabilidad de una cepa bacteriana nativa Azotobacter A15M2G con potencial biofertilizante, sobre un medio de cultivo preparado con residuos sólidos vegetales procedentes del mercado: Brassica Oleracea (repollo), Lactusa sativa (lechuga) y Allium fistulosum (cebollín). El crecimiento de la bacteria en el medio de residuo vegetal a diferentes concentraciones: 25, 50 y 75% p/v fue evaluado, encontrándose un mejor crecimiento en la concentración del 25%; la caracterización química del medio de cultivo al 25% p/v, después de ser esterilizado, mostró los siguientes valores: 0,035% de carbohidratos, 0,4044% de proteína, 0,03574% de cenizas, 99,3955% de humedad, 6,93 mg/l de azufre, 0,170 mg/l de fósforo, 0,2 mg/l de manganeso, 409,2 mg/l de potasio, 1,842 mg/l de hierro, 14 mg/l de sodio y 0,1 mg/l de zinc, 28,056 mg/l de calcio y 17,017 mg/l de magnesio. En el medio de cultivo al 25% también fue evaluada la capacidad fijadora de nitrógeno y productora de ácido indol acético (AIA) de la bacteria, obteniendo una concentración de 4,8725 mg/l y 13,5837 mg/l respectivamente. Posteriormente se realizó un ensayo de viabilidad por un periodo de 2 meses. Los resultados muestran que los residuos-sólidos vegetales generados en las plazas de mercado local pueden ser utilizados como medio de cultivo ofreciendo un aporte nutricional al microorganismo de interés agrícola minimizando la contaminación ambiental generada.

The present work, shows the results obtained from the assessment of growth, development and viability of a native bacterial strain with biofertilizer potential, Azotobacter A15MG, on culture medium from solid wastes vegetables: Brassica Oleracea (cabbage,), Lactusa sativa (lettuce) and Allium fistulosum (chives). The growth of the bacteria on culture medium from solid wastes vegetables at different concentrations: 25, 50 and 75% w /v was evaluated, being a better growth in the concentration of 25%. The chemical characterization of this culture medium after being sterilized showed the following values: 0.035% carbohydrates, protein 0.4044%, 0.03574% ash, 99.3955% moisture, 6.93 mg / l of sulfur, 0.170 mg / l of phosphorus , 0.2 mg / l of manganese, 409.2 mg / l of potassium, 1842 mg / l of iron, 14 mg / l of sodium and 0.1 mg / l of zinc, 28,056 mg / l of calcium and 17,017 mg / l of magnesium. In the culture medium to 25%, also there was evaluated the fixing capacity of nitrogen and producer of acid indol acetic (AIA) of the bacterium, obtaining a concentration of 4.8725 mg/l and 13.5837 mg/l respectively. Later a test of viability was realized by a period of 2 months. The results show that the solid residues vegetables generated in the squares of local market, can be used as a culture medium that offering a nutritional contribution to the microorganism of agricultural interest minimizing the environmental generated pollution.

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