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Background: The health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to a period of increased demand on the operational and social organization of healthcare centers, which often had a negative impact on the psychological and social wellbeing of healthcare workers. In order to tackle this issue, an intervention plan was designed to develop collective competences through various participatory strategies. This study sought to determine the effect of this intervention on the variables collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing in healthcare workers by performing a pretest and posttest comparison with a control group. Method: The variables were evaluated using a non-probability, purposive sample of 80 healthcare workers from three Family Healthcare Centers (CESFAM) located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, within health crisis context. The intervention group was composed of voluntary participants, while the control group only completed the evaluations. The intervention consisted in 6 training workshops focused on improving collective management, group synergy, collaborative problem-solving, communicative strategies, and overall team care. Results: The analysis shows that the collective competence intervention had a positive effect on the collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing of the participating healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Only specific factors of these variables did not undergo a significant impact. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving collective organizational competences, apart from increasing collective efficacy, can have a positive impact on healthcare workers' psychological and social wellbeing in a context of occupational adversity.

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Resumen La presente investigación indaga por la persistencia de la vida campesina en Los Chenchos, una comunidad ribereña del Pacífico colombiano de 50 habitantes. A partir de un enfoque de bienestar social se examinan dimensiones materiales, relacionales y subjetivas que han permitido a esta comunidad mantener sus medios de vida en un entorno cambiante. Para esto se siguió una metodología mixta basada en observación participante, entrevistas etnográficas y una evaluación cuantitativa-descriptiva de las tres dimensiones del bienestar social en cada uno de los 18 hogares de la comunidad. Se encontró que las decisiones de las personas están motivadas por ciertas preferencias adaptativas, tales como conseguir la estabilidad productiva del hogar, asumir una forma de vida valorada y preservar una red de relaciones familiares, las cuales soportan y posibilitan la vida campesina.

Abstract This manuscript provides insights about the persistence ofpeasant life in Los Chenchos, a riverine community in the Colombian Pacific. Following a social wellbeing approach, we examine the material, relational and subjective dimensions underlying the persistence of this community in their ancestral territory despite profound social and economic challenges marked by regional land use change and the emergence of illegal and extractive economies. We followed a sequential mixed-methods approach based on participant observation, ethnographic interviews and a descriptive census of the three dimensions of social wellbeing in the 18 households that make the community. Employing the social wellbeing approach provided an understanding of how achieving a desired way of life is an adaptive response that draws on values associated with small-scale agricultural production and family networks.

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RESUMEN El marketing social permite a las organizaciones promover comportamientos beneficiosos para la sociedad, abordando temas como salud, educación, inclusión social y medio ambiente. Además, es una herramienta utilizada para fortalecer las relaciones entre las empresas y sus grupos de interés, en especial con sus clientes. Debido al auge del tema entre investigadores, académicos y expertos, este estudio contribuye al marketing social al examinar su evolución y tendencias. Para ello se utilizan las publicaciones registradas entre los años 2000 y 2022 en las bases de datos Scopus y WoS. Los datos son analizados mediante herramientas como Bibliometrix, Tree of Science y Gephi, y se organizan los resultados mediante el esquema metafórico del "árbol de la ciencia". Este análisis facilita la identificación de los trabajos clásicos y estructurales, así como las principales tendencias en el campo. De estas últimas, sobresalen tres enfoques: el primero, el desarrollo teórico del marketing social, el segundo, el uso de estrategias en salud pública y prevención, y el tercero, la aplicación en programas de nutrición y comportamiento alimenticio. Asimismo, se propone una ruta para investigaciones futuras en la materia.

AВSTRАСT Social marketing enables organizations to promote behaviors beneficial to society, addressing issues such as health, education, social inclusion, and the environment. Moreover, it is a tool used to strengthen relationships between companies and their stakeholders, particularly their customers. Due to the topic's growing interest among researchers, academics, and experts, this study contributes to social marketing by examining its evolution and trends. For this, publications recorded between the years 2000 and 2022 in the Scopus and WoS databases are utilized. Data is analyzed using tools such as Bibliometrix, Tree of Science, and Gephi, and results are organized through the metaphorical framework of the "tree of science." This analysis facilitates the identification of classic and structural works, as well as the main trends in the field. Of these, three approaches stand out: firstly the theoretical development of social marketing, secondly, the use of strategies in public health and prevention, and thirdly, the application in nutrition programs and eating behavior A path for future research in the subject is also proposed.

RESUMO O marketing social permite que as organizações promovam comportamentos que sejam benéficos para a sociedade, abordando questões como saúde, educação, inclusão social e meio ambiente. É também uma ferramenta usada para fortalecer as relações entre as empresas e suas partes interessadas, especialmente seus clientes. Devido ao aumento do tema entre pesquisadores, acadêmicos e especialistas, este estudo contribui para o marketing social ao examinar sua evolução e tendências. Para isso, são utilizadas publicações registradas entre 2000 e 2022 nos bancos de dados Scopus e WoS. Os dados são analisados por meio de ferramentas como Bibliometrix, Tree of Science e Gephi, e os resultados são organizados usando o esquema metafórico da "árvore da ciência". Essa análise facilita a identificação de trabalhos clássicos e estruturais, bem como as principais tendências no campo. Dessas últimas, três abordagens se destacam: a primeira, o desenvolvimento teórico do marketing social; a segunda, o uso de estratégias em saúde pública e prevenção; e a terceira, a aplicação em programas de nutrição e comportamento alimentar: O estudo também propõe um caminho para pesquisas futuras nessa área.

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Resumen En este estudio se analiza el estado actual de los indicadores de salud y bienestar pertenecientes a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), identificando los desafíos más significativos que se presentan entre los países del mundo y en la región de las Américas. Se utiliza la técnica multivariante HJ-Biplot para representar las variaciones y covariaciones existentes entre 16 indicadores del ODS 3, reportados al año 2022, según datos de 176 países, entre ellos, 31 del continente americano. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que indicadores como la esperanza de vida al nacer, la cobertura sanitaria universal y la demanda de planificación familiar satisfecha, caracterizan a los países desarrollados. En contraste, los países en vía de desarrollo aún registran retos importantes para favorecer la salud materna, el bienestar de los niños y en el control de enfermedades trasmisibles y crónicas. Por ello, en el marco de la Agenda 2030, es necesario continuar trabajando en acciones de política pública que permitan avanzar en la implementación de programas para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población, en especial entre las naciones de menores ingresos.

Abstract This study reviews the current state of the good health and well-being indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), identifying the most significant challenges faced by countries in the world and in the Americas region. The HJ-Biplot multivariate technique is used to represent variances and covariances between 16 SDG 3 indicators, reported as of 2022, based on data from 176 countries, including 31 countries of the American continent. The findings show that indicators such as life expectancy at birth, universal health coverage and satisfied demand for family planning are key characteristics of developed countries. In contrast, developing countries still face significant challenges in terms of promoting maternal health, the well-being of children and the control of communicable and chronic diseases. For this reason, in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, it is necessary to continue working on public policy actions that enable making progress in the implementation of programs to improve the health and well-being of the population, especially in lower-income countries.

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Although much in the lives of members of the Caiçara small-scale fishing communities of Lázaro and Saco da Ribeira in Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil would suggest hardship, that population expresses a surprising degree of satisfaction with life. In this paper, we use a social wellbeing lens as applied through an ethnographic, mixed methods approach to reflect on this overall sense that lives rooted in small-scale fishing are well worth living despite their many challenges. We see the classic maritime anthropology theme of identity at the heart of meaning and life satisfaction. Identity provides core aspects of how people engage with their realities and anchors values that are reference points in work and social relations. With reference to the relational nuances revealed by the social wellbeing perspective, however, we show that Caiçara and small-scale fishing identities are not monolithic, but reflect gender and other social positions, and personal and familial experiences. These experiences include grappling with the complex effects of economic, social, political, and environmental changes. We conclude by arguing that fisheries policy that seeks to prioritize human wellbeing would benefit by adopting a social wellbeing perspective. Fisheries policy could thereby take into account identity, values, and relational elements of social life that give meaning and a sense of belonging to small-scale fishers, while also recognizing the cross-cutting and often contradictory variations in human experience that arise from social and economic differences. This social fabric of small-scale fishers' lives shapes their intentions and actions and is thus a necessary complication to the practice of fisheries management that its proponents need to consider.

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PURPOSE: Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe the diversity or differences in the characteristics of physical sexual development. Approximately 1.7% of the population are born intersex, and 1 in every 2000 babies at birth presents genital variation. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on the health of intersex-identifying persons in Latin America. This study aimed to document experiences of discrimination and violence among self-identifying intersex individuals in Puerto Rico and to determine if there is a significant difference in the quality of life, psychological well-being, and social well-being between intersex-identifying and endosex individuals. METHODS: This was a quantitative method pilot study with a cross-sectional approach and exploratory comparative group design. An online survey was used, where a total of 12 self-identifying intersex adult participants were recruited, and 126 endosex adult participants served as a comparative group. RESULTS: The findings show that 83% of the participants reported experiences of discrimination and different types of violence due to their intersexuality. There was a significant difference between the intersex-identifying and endosex groups in psychological well-being, including in three of its dimensions (positives relations, autonomy, and environmental mastery). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in quality of life or social well-being. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide a preliminary understanding of the health disparities of intersex-identifying individuals in Puerto Rico and suggest the need for more profound research, especially the inclusion of other Caribbean and Hispanic countries. The findings also preliminarily imply the need for local and global interventions to reduce physical and mental health disparities and to improve health, quality of life, and well-being among intersex-identifying individuals.

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Climate change is increasing the severity of extreme weather events, particularly hurricanes, presenting a significant challenge to Caribbean coastal communities. In the aftermath of a major disaster, government interventions typically prioritise infrastructure, assets, and the economy through rebuilding roads, reviving economic sectors, and providing financial compensation. This is driven by a focus on macro-level quantitative indicators rather than by local, multidimensional subjective and relational factors, closer to lived experiences and livelihoods. Using frameworks outlining social well-being and agency, this paper explores strategies used by a fisheries-dependent community in Dominica to recover from Hurricane Maria in 2017 and pursue well-being. The findings highlight the importance of multidimensional well-being, particularly relational and subjective dimensions, including existing social networks, and personal relationships critical for recovery after Maria. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how recovery initiatives that concentrate solely on material well-being, such as employment, can undermine agency in the capacity of a community to recover and build resilience.

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Resumen Introducción: Los funcionarios de Salud Pública presentan el mayor número de patologías mentales asociadas a la esfera laboral, tornando urgente el adoptar medidas para prevenir los riesgos psicosociales y favorecer su bienestar psicológico y social. Objetivo: Establecer los rasgos de personalidad y categorías de eficacia colectiva que se relacionan con el bienestar psicológico y social de funcionarios de un centro de salud pública. Método: Estudio transeccional correlacional, con uso de metodología cuantitativa. Muestra no probabilística conformada por 51 participantes, entre 20 y 63 años; 30 % hombres, 70 % mujeres, 62,75 % profesionales, 25,5 % técnicos y 11,76 % otros. Resultados: Se encuentra una correlación positiva entre Apertura a la experiencia y Autoaceptación (rho = 0,391), al igual que entre Amabilidad y Propósito en la vida (rho =0,360). La misma tendencia se devela entre Competencias Grupales Positivas y Pertenencia Social (rho = 0,471) e Interacción Social en el trabajo (rho = 0,413). Al igual que entre Elementos Positivos influyentes en las tareas y Pertenencia Social en el trabajo (rho=0,395). Conclusiones: Los rasgos de personalidad establecidos por John, Donahue & Kentle (1991) de Apertura a la experiencia y Amabilidad, en conjunto con las dimensiones de eficacia colectiva de Competencias grupales positivas y Análisis de elementos positivos influyentes en las tareas, se relacionan positivamente con el bienestar psicológico y social en el trabajo, en funcionarios de salud pública.

Abstract Introduction: Public Health employees present the greatest number of mental pathologies associated with the workplace, making it urgent to adopt measures to prevent psychosocial risks and promote their psychological and social well-being. Objective: To establish the personality traits and categories of collective efficacy that are related to the psychological and social well-being of officials of the Public Health Center. Method: Cross-correlational study, using quantitative methodology. Non-probability sample made up of 51 participants, between 20 and 63 years old; 30% men, 70% women, 62,75% professionals, 25,5% technicians and 11,76% others. Results: positive correlation was found between Openness to experience and Self-acceptance (rho = 0,391), as well as between Kindness and Purpose in life (rho = 0,360). The same trend is revealed between Positive Group Competencies and Social Belonging (rho = 0,471) and Social Interaction at work (rho = 0,413). As between positive influencing elements in tasks and social belonging at work (rho = 0,395). Conclusions: The personality traits established by John, Donahue & Kentle (1991) of Openness to experience and Friendliness, together with the collective efficacy dimensions of Positive group competences and Analysis of positive influencing elements in tasks, are positively related to psychological and social well-being at work, in workers of public health center.

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La presente propuesta, busca generar una reflexión respecto a la necesidad de escuchar a nuestro cuerpo para lograr un mayor nivel de bienestar psicológico y social. Este proceso de escucha, debe ser un proceso activo, que requiere de las personas abordarlas problemáticas de salud desde un modelo multidimensional, que involucra la participación de la persona en un proceso introspectivo consciente que favorezca su proceso de autorrealización.

This proposal seeks to generate a reflection on the need to listen to our body to achieve a higher level of psychological and social well-being. This process of listening must be an active process, which requires people to address health problems from a multidimensional model, which involves the participation of the person in a conscious introspective process that favors their process of self-realization.

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Resumen Los estudios macroeconómicos evidencian que países con mayor desigualdad social presentan peores indicadores de salud mental y bienestar, sin embargo, otros mecanismos intervinientes no están del todo claro. Recientes investigaciones han propuesto que la percepción de derrota social configura una variable clave para comprender los impactos de las desigualdades. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el rol predictor de la derrota social en el bienestar subjetivo de estudiantes universitarios provenientes de países latinoamericanos que exhiben niveles de desigualdad social. Los participantes fueron 347 estudiantes universitarios de Chile y 246 de Ecuador, en los cuales se evaluó la percepción de derrota social, fatalismo, participación social, bienestar social, y bienestar subjetivo. Los resultados del modelo de regresión muestran que la predicción del bienestar subjetivo mejora al incluir las dimensiones de derrota social en el modelo (r2 = .38). Se propone la derrota social como una variable que ayuda a comprender cómo un contexto de desigualdad social puede impactar en el bienestar percibido de jóvenes universitarios.

Abstract Macroeconomic studies show that countries with greater social inequality have worse indicators of mental health and well-being; however, other intervening mechanisms are not entirely clear. Recent research has proposed that the perception of social defeat is a key variable in understanding the impacts of inequalities. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive role of social defeat in the subjective well-being of university students from Latin American countries that exhibit levels of social inequality. The participants were 347 university students from Chile and 246 from Ecuador, in whom the perception of social defeat, fatalism, social participation, social well-being, and subjective well-being were evaluated. The results of the regression model show that the prediction of subjective well-being improves when including the dimensions of social defeat in the model (r2 = .38) Social defeat is proposed as a variable that helps to understand how a context of social inequality can impact the perceived well-being of young university students.

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Resumen En el presente estudio se comparan los niveles medios de salud y bienestar social de adultos nacidos en Chile (n = 155) e inmigrantes de nacionalidad colombiana (n = 166), peruana (n = 154) y venezolana (n = 180). Los resultados están en línea con la "hipótesis selectiva de la inmigración", pues se encontraron mayores niveles de salud (M inmigrantes = 40.35; Mchilenos = 38.93; t[203.579] = 2.745,p < .01) y bienestar social en inmigrantes (M = 88.62) que en chilenos (M = 85.42; t(190.778) = -3.197, p < .01). En general, en este trabajo se muestra el efecto negativo que tiene la percepción de discriminación sobre la salud, y el efecto positivo de las variables socioculturales de identidad endogrupal, enriquecimiento cultural y cercanía intergrupal sobre el bienestar social en personas inmigrantes.

Abstract This study compares the average health and social welfare levels of adults born in Chile (n = 155) and immigrants of Colombian (n = 166), Peruvian (n = 154), and Venezuelan (n = 180) nationality. The results are in line with the "selective hypothesis of immigration," since higher levels of health (Minmigrants = 40.35; Mchilenos = 38.93; t [203,579] = 2,745, p < .01) and social welfare were found in immigrants (M = 88.62) than in Chileans (M = 85.42; t (190,778) = -3,197, p < .01). In general, this work shows the negative effect that the perception of discrimination has on health, and the positive effect of the socio-cultural variables of endo-group identity, cultural enrichment, and inter-group closeness on the social welfare of immigrants.

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The psychosocial impacts of natural disasters are associated with the triggering of negative and positive responses in the affected population; also, such effects are expressed in an individual and collective sphere. This can be seen in several reactions and behaviors that can vary from the development of individual disorders to impacts on interpersonal relationships, cohesion, communication, and participation of the affected communities, among others. The present work addressed the psychosocial impacts of the consequences of natural disasters considering individual effects via the impact of trauma and community effects, through the perception of social well-being, the valuation of the community and the social exchange of emotions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between individual reactions (i.e., intensity of trauma) and the evaluation of social and collective circumstances (i.e., social well-being) after the earthquake of 27F 2010 in Chile, through collective-type intervention variables not used in previous studies (i.e., social sharing of emotions and community appraisal). For this purpose, a descriptive, ex post facto correlational and cross-sectional methodology was carried on, with the participation of 487 people affected by the 2010 earthquake, 331 women (68%) and 156 men (32%), between 18 and 58 years old (M = 21.09; SD = 5.45), from the provinces of Ñuble and Biobío, VIII region, Chile. The measurement was carried out 4 years after the earthquake and the results show that greater individual than collective involvements were found, mainly in the coastal zone of the region. The mediation analysis showed that the relationship between the intensity of the trauma and social well-being occurs through a route that considers social sharing of emotions and community appraisal. These results indicate that the overcoming of individual affectations to achieve social well-being occurs when in the immediate post-disaster phases the affected communities activate shared emotional and cognitive processes, which allow them to jointly face subsequent threats and abrupt changes.

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Schools are an essential part of students' lives and can promote and facilitate their well-being. Although research on well-being among school-aged children and adolescents has distinguished subjective well-being from social well-being, very few studies examined student's social well-being at school (SWS). SWS is understood as students' valuation of the circumstances and functioning of their school. This framework posits that the context of the schools can shape students' perception of feeling integrated and making significant contributions to their schools. However, not much is known regarding the joint contribution of individual, family, and school characteristics to students' SWS. This study analyzed these joint contributions in a nationally representative sample of 6,389 children and adolescents enrolled in 5th-11th grades. Findings show that being female and younger were individual predictors of SWS. Students' satisfaction with their family and fewer changes of schools were also significant contributors. When students' perceptions of their schools were incorporated, the individual and family characteristics decreased or lost significance. In the full model, the highest contribution to SWS was explained by the school-level aggregated perception of school climate. These findings call for integrated policies and practices to foster students' sense of belonging, feeling integrated, and contribution to their schools, with a focus on school-level interventions to improve SWS through positive and engaging school climates that foster students' sense of agency.

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Abstract Introduction Social defeat (SD) is defined as a feeling of having lost the fight leading to a loss of valuable status or of important personal goals, and has been associated to depression and suicidal behavior, among other disorders. Furthermore, it has been proposed as a mediating variable between social and clinical elements. Objective To adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Defeat Scale. Method A back translation into Spanish was carried out. SD, hopelessness, and social well-being were measured in 546 university students (Mean age = 20.93 years, SD = 2.98; 68.7% females). Results An exploratory factor analysis offered a two-dimension structure in the scale made up by the dimension defeat and triumph. A confirmatory factor analysis found good fit indicators for the two-dimension model (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Both dimensions present good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > .70). SD was associated to higher levels of hopelessness and lower levels of social well-being. Discussion and conclusion The Spanish version of the Defeat Scale presents good psychometric properties. Its use can help deepen the understanding of psychopathological phenomena and their link to social elements within the context of Spanish speaking countries.

Resumen Introducción La derrota social (DS) se define como la sensación de lucha fallida en relación con una pérdida de estatus valioso o de metas personales importantes, y se ha relacionado con depresión y conducta suicida, entre otros trastornos. Además, ha sido propuesta como una variable mediadora entre elementos sociales y clínicos. Objetivo Adaptar y validar al español la Defeat Scale. Método Se realizó una traducción inversa para obtener la versión al español de la escala. Con la participación de 546 estudiantes universitarios (M = 20.93 años, DS = 2.98; 68.7% mujeres), se evaluaron DS, desesperanza y bienestar social. Resultados El análisis factorial exploratorio encontró una estructura de dos dimensiones, compuesta por una dimensión de derrota y otra de triunfo. El análisis factorial confirmatorio encontró buenos indicadores de ajuste para el modelo de dos dimensiones (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Ambas dimensiones presentaron buena consistencia interna (α > .70). La DS se asoció con mayores niveles de desesperanza y menores niveles de bienestar social. Discusión y conclusión La versión al español de la Defeat Scale presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas. Su uso puede ayudar a profundizar la comprensión de psicopatologías y su relación con elementos sociales en países de habla hispana.

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BACKGROUND: The concept of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) has grown in importance in the elderly population (PM), which is due to the increase in life expectancy of contemporary societies and the desire of people to live the most advanced years in good condition. OBJECTIVE: To know the effect of the epidemiological dimensions, functional capacity, social and psychological well-being on the HRQL of a group of senior people from the Borough of Puente Alto intervened by the multidimensional model of the Integral Center for Happy Aging, CIEF, Universidad de los Andes. RESULTS: Correlation was observed between the dimensions mentioned above, as well as the improvement in the predictive models of HRQL in the extent to which social and psychological variables are incorporated into the morbidity and functional capacity dimension, the latter strongly related to HRQL according to the scientific literature. CONCLUSION: The study shows the relevance of incorporating measures of social and psychological well-being in the evaluation of HRQL, especially with a view to the design of multidimensional interventions that encompass individual content and the environment in which seniors develop.

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Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue no experimental de corte transversal, bajo la modalidad de estudio descriptivo y de diferencia de grupos. Se trabajó con una muestra de 888 participantes, residentes en diferentes provincias de Argentina, de edades comprendidas de entre 18 y 84 años (M EDAD = 36.98; DE= 15.37; 51.2 % mujeres, 48.8 % varones). Los resultados informaron una disposición mayoritaria a experimentar niveles de salud mental languideciente. Las personas que se ubicaron en el polo languideciente del continuo de salud mental presentaron menores niveles de bienestar psicológico. El 56.2 % de los participantes refirió que la mayoría de las veces busca expresar sus emociones con su círculo cercano y el 43 % informó mantener el contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. Se encontró un mayor nivel de bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en personas que expresaron sus emociones y mantuvieron contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. En conclusión, frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 los adultos argentinos presentaron alteraciones significativas en los niveles de bienestar emocional psicológico y social con predominio de un estado de salud mental languideciente.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the emotional, psychological and social well-being in Argentinian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic context. The applied methodological design was cross-sectional not experimental, under descriptive study and group difference modalities. It was used a sample of 888 participants residing in different Argentina provinces, rating ages between 18 and 84 years old (M age = 36.98; SD = 15.37; 51.2 % Female, 48.8 % Male). The results reported a majority susceptibility to experiencing languishing levels of mental health. People who were at the languishing pole of the mental health continuum presented lower levels of psychological well-being. 56.2 % of the participants reported that most of the time they seek to express their emotions within their close circle, and 43 % reported maintaining contact with beloved ones virtually. A higher level of emotional, psychological and social wellbeing was found in people who was able to express their emotions and kept in contact with their beloved ones virtually. In the face of the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Argentinean adults presented significant alterations in the levels of emotional, psychological and social well-being with a predominance of a state of languishing mental health.

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The notion of social belongingness has been applied to different scales, from individual to social processes, and from subjective to objective dimensions. This article seeks to contribute to this multidimensional perspective on belongingness by drawing from the capabilities and subjective wellbeing perspectives. The specific aim is to analyze the relationships between capabilities-including those related to social belongingness-and individual and social subjective wellbeing. The hypotheses are: (H1-H2) There is a relationship between capabilities (measured as evaluation and functioning) and (H1) individual and (H2) social subjective wellbeing; (H3) The set of capabilities associated to individual subjective wellbeing differs from the set correlated to social subjective wellbeing; (H4) The intensity and significance of the correlation between subjective wellbeing and capabilities depends on whether the latter is measured as evaluation or functioning; and (H5) The relationships between capabilities and subjective wellbeing are complex and non-linear. Using a nationally representative survey in Chile, multiple linear (H1-H5) and dose response matching (H1-H5) regressions between capabilities and subjective wellbeing outcomes are estimated, confirming all hypotheses. Subjective evaluations and effective functionings of some capabilities ("basic needs," "social ties," "feeling recognized and respected;" "having and deploying a life project") are consistently correlated with both subjective wellbeing outcomes. Others capabilities are correlated with both subjective wellbeing outcomes only when measured as functionings (contact with nature), do not display a systematic pattern of correlation ("health," "pleasure," "participation," and "human security") or are not associated with subjective wellbeing ("self-knowledge" and "understanding the world"). When observed, correlations are sizable, non-linear, and consistent across estimation methods. Moreover, capabilities related to social belongingness such as "social ties" and "feeling recognized and respected" are important by themselves but also are positively correlated to both social and individual subjective wellbeing. These findings underscore the need of a multidimensional perspective on the relationships between capabilities and subjective wellbeing, considering both subjective and objective, as well as individual and social aspects that are relevant to belongingness. These findings also have practical and policy implications, and may inform public deliberation processes and policy decisions to develop capabilities, promote subjective wellbeing, and ultimately promote positive belongingness.

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Resumen En Chile, el aumento sostenido de la inmigración extranjera ha impactado en la construcción de nuevas formas de relación social. Si bien los procesos aculturativos han sido estudiados desde la perspectiva de los inmigrantes por numerosas investigaciones, los miembros de las sociedades receptoras han recibido menor atención. Este trabajo tiene como propósito identificar las preferencias de aculturación de N=553 chilenos, y verificar sus relaciones con la percepción de amenaza y el bienestar social. Contrario a lo esperado, el individualismo aculturativo se asoció con un menor grado de amenaza percibida y una mejor evaluación del propio funcionamiento social que el integracionismo. Estos hallazgos son relacionados con la incorporación de modelos de ciudadanía promovidos por la ideología neoliberal en el Chile post-dictatorial.

Abstract In Chile, the sustained increase of migratory flows is producing an important impact on building new forms of social relations. Acculturation processes have been studied from immigrant's perspective by numerous studies, but host majority members has received less attention from scholars. This study aimed to verify relations between acculturation preferences of N=553 Chilean participants, their social well-being and perceived threat. Results showed that, contrary as expected, individualism was positively linked with better social functioning and less perceived threat than integrationism, suggesting the impact of neoliberal ideology on post-dictatorial Chilean culture.

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School achievement gaps and school failure are problematic issues in Latin America, and are mainly explained by the socio-economic status (SES) of the students. What schools can do to improve school achievement and reduce school failure is a critical issue, both for school management and teacher training. In this study, we present the association of individual and school-related socio-emotional variables with school achievement and performance, controlling for the effects of SES. A probabilistic sample of 4,964 students, drawn from 191 schools enrolled in year 10 in urban areas of Chile, answered questionnaires assessing subjective wellbeing, social wellbeing in school, school climate, school social wellbeing and students' perceptions of teachers' wellbeing. Using structural equation modeling, and controlling for SES, we modeled subjective wellbeing as a mediator of the relationship between school-related variables, such as school climate and perception of teacher's wellbeing, and (a) school achievement, and (b) school performance. School achievement was computed as a product of (a) the probability of passing the school year, and (b) the percentage of yearly attendance at school. Data on school achievement was drawn from administrative registries from the Chilean Ministry of Education. School performance was computed as the estimated grade point average (GPA) at the end of the school year, based on the students' previous 5-year GPAs, and was also obtained through administrative data of the last 5 years. Findings reveal the mediating role of subjective wellbeing in the relationship between school-related evaluations (students' social wellbeing at school, their perception of teachers' wellbeing and school climate) and school achievement. For school achievement, two variables were mediated (students' social wellbeing at school and school climate). However, for school performance, no significant mediations were found. We conclude that, on the one hand, after controlling for SES, students' individual subjective wellbeing is associated with their achievement and performance in school. We discuss the importance of improving school experiences that may protect and promote students' subjective experience and school achievement and performance, and reduce the probability of school failure and dropout.