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BACKGROUND: School servants are professionals involved with cleaning and feeding activities in schools. Exposed to conditions of physical and psychosocial overload at work, they may face situations of morbidity and functional restrictions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate personal and work characteristics and work ability index (WAI) of school servants in Brazil and test the mediating effect of WAI in the duration of sickness absence. METHODS: 163 Brazilian school servants participated in this cross-sectional study, that including the self-completion of a sociodemographic questionnaire, information about the Work Environment, the Protocol of Psychosocial Risks at Work's Evaluation, and the Work Ability Index. Also was collected, in a secondary health database, information about sickness absence. A linear regression model was constructed to identify the predictors of the duration of absence, followed by the analysis of mediation with the Path Analysis method. RESULTS: The study found that the WAI partially mediates the relation of the personal characteristics and the work conditions with the duration of absence of the school servants. The predictors included the organizational aspects of work, mental exhaustion, physical damage, health self-evaluation, availability of personal protective equipment, and the need to assume inadequate postures at work. These predictors explained 33% of the duration of absence and 53% of the WAI of these workers. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that inadequate working conditions and low WAI impact in the sickness absence, increasing by 33% the length of time off work of school servants.

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The different areas and work environments in the hospital sector have a complex set of occupational risk factors that can negatively impact the health of pregnant workers. Illness among this workforce results in sick leave due to work-related diseases and pregnancy, with high absenteeism. The main objective of this study was to review the available literature on the gestational and occupational risks to which pregnant health workers are exposed, causes of absenteeism, and issues related to maternity protection and work in the hospital sector. The authors used online databases to identify papers published in English from 2015 to 2020, based on the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and three steps of Snowballing. The study reviewed 18 peer-reviewed scientific articles that address pregnancy, work, absenteeism, and maternity protection. Most studies used a quantitative approach (12) and cohort studies in particular (6). The distribution of articles by themes was as follows: pregnancy, health and safety at work (11); pregnancy, health conditions, and absenteeism (13); and work and maternity protection (10). Some inferences were possible from the themes raised. However, the results revealed a gap and the need for specific studies for healthcare workers in the hospital sector, focusing on maternity. This review contributes to more in-depth studies on developing programs, actions, and legislation to protect maternity in hospital working environments.

As diferentes áreas e ambientes de trabalho do setor hospitalar apresentam uma complexidade de fatores de risco que podem impactar negativamente a saúde das trabalhadoras grávidas. O adoecimento dessa força de trabalho resulta em afastamentos por doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e à gravidez, com alto absenteísmo. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi revisar a literatura disponível sobre os riscos gestacionais e ocupacionais a que estão expostas as trabalhadoras de saúde grávidas, causas de absenteísmo e questões relacionadas à proteção da maternidade e do trabalho no setor hospitalar. Bases de dados online foram usadas para identificar artigos em inglês publicados de 2015 a 2020, com base no PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews e três etapas de snowballing. Este estudo incluiu 18 artigos científicos revisados por pares que abordam questões relativas à gravidez, absenteísmo e proteção à maternidade no trabalho. A maioria dos estudos utilizou abordagem quantitativa (12), com ênfase nos estudos de coorte (6). Distribuição dos artigos por temas: gravidez, saúde e segurança no trabalho (11); gravidez, intercorrências e absenteísmo (13); e proteção ao trabalho e maternidade (10). Algumas inferências foram possíveis a partir dos temas levantados. No entanto, os resultados evidenciaram a lacuna e a necessidade de estudos específicos para trabalhadores de saúde do setor hospitalar, com enfoque na maternidade. Esta revisão pode contribuir para estudos mais aprofundados sobre o desenvolvimento de programas, ações e legislações de proteção à maternidade no ambiente de trabalho do setor hospitalar.

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Background: Ankle fractures are among the most frequent fractures in the lower limb, predominantly affecting young people and representing approximately 9% of all fractures. Objective: To identify the factors associated with functionality in patients with closed ankle fracture. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study. Records of people with a diagnosis of ankle fractures admitted to rehabilitation between January to December 2020 in a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit of a third level hospital were included. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), days of disability, mechanism of injury, type of treatment, length of stay in rehabilitation, type of fracture and functionality were captured. Chi-squared and Student's t test were used to determine the association. Subsequently a multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression was performed. Results: The average age of the subjects was 44.8 years, the female sex was presented in 54.7%, the average BMI was 28.8%, 66% carried out a paid work activity, 65% received surgical treatment, the average time of disability was 140 days, the factors associated with functionality independently were age, pain, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion upon admission to rehabilitation. Conclusions: Ankle fractures occur in a young population and the factors associated with functionality were age, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and pain upon admission to rehabilitation.

Introducción: las fracturas de tobillo son las fracturas más frecuentes en el miembro inferior. Afectan predominantemente a personas jóvenes y representan aproximadamente el 9% de todas las fracturas. Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a funcionalidad en pacientes con fractura cerrada de tobillo. Material y métodos: estudio observacional y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron expedientes de personas con diagnóstico de fractura cerrada de tobillo ingresados a rehabilitación entre enero y diciembre del 2020 en la Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de tercer nivel. Se registró edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), días de incapacidad, mecanismo de lesión, tipo de tratamiento, tiempo de estancia en rehabilitación, tipo de fractura y funcionalidad. Para determinar la asociación de las variables con la funcionalidad se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrada y t de Student, y posteriormente se hizo un análisis multivariado con regresión logística bivariada. Resultados: la edad promedio de los sujetos fue de 44.8 años, el sexo femenino se presentó en el 54.7%, el IMC promedio fue de 28.8%, 66% realizaba una actividad laboral remunerada, el 65% recibió tratamiento quirúrgico, el tiempo de incapacidad promedio fue de 140 días, los factores asociados a funcionalidad de manera independiente fueron la edad, el dolor, la dorsiflexión y la flexión plantar al ingreso de rehabilitación. Conclusiones: las fracturas de tobillo se presentan en población joven y los factores asociados a funcionalidad fueron la edad, dorsiflexión, flexión plantar y dolor al ingreso de rehabilitación.

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Sickness absence from work is a measure of both poor health and social functioning. In order to assess the frequency of sick leave due to ear-related diagnoses, we performed a retrospective analysis on the registry of paid sick leave certificates supplied by the main social security institution in Mexico during the years 2018 and 2019, just prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We observed that, in the two years, 22,053 sick leave certificates due to ear-related diagnoses were provided to 18,033 workers. The most frequent ear-related diagnoses were those of vestibular disorders (94.64%); among them, the most common diagnosis was Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (75.16%), followed by Labrynthitis and Meniere's disease (circa 8% each). A total of 4.63% of the diagnoses were related to external and middle ear disorders, and 0.71% were mainly related to hearing. Consistently, the highest cumulative days of sick leave required were given for the group of diagnoses related to vestibular disorders; although the less frequent diagnoses required the highest cumulative days per case (e.g., ototoxicity). During 2018 and 2019, the most frequent diagnoses of ear-related sick leave were due to vestibular diagnoses (particularly Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo).

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This article deals with the regulatory violation of issuing sick leave with an evident absence of medical grounds. Two problematic aspects present in the sanctioning practice of the Social Security Regulatory Agency are analyzed: the discrepancy between the wording of the regulation and its application, and the multiplicity of duties that can configure the behavior defined by the law, although they do not constitute fraud against the sick leave system. The context of this study is the bill that seeks to lower the standard for the regulator to impose administrative penalties on offenders who issue unjustified sick leave and aggravate those penalties.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of chronic pain on functionality and its consequences on work and patient income. METHODS: A total of 103 patients from the Multidisciplinary Pain Center of the Clinics Hospital of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais were interviewed between January 2020 and June 2021, applying questionnaires on mobile devices. Socioeconomic data, multidimensional characterization of pain, and instruments for assessing pain functionality and intensity were analyzed. Pain intensity was categorized as mild, moderate, or intense for comparative analysis. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify risk factors and variables that jointly influence the outcome of pain intensity. RESULTS: The patients had a median age of 55 years, were predominantly female, married or in a stable relationship, white race, and completed high school. The median family income was R$2,200. Most patients were retired due to disability and pain-related causes. Functionality analysis showed severe disability directly associated with pain intensity. The financial impacts observed were correlated with the pain intensity of the patients. Age was a risk factor for pain intensity, while sex, family income, and duration of pain served as protective factors. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain was associated with severe disability, decreased productivity, and exit from the labor market, with a negative impact on financial condition. Age, sex, family income, and duration of pain were directly associated with pain intensity.

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BACKGROUND: Most of the evidence about impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) comes from symptom questionnaires. It is important to evaluate main mental health diagnoses in hospital front-line HCW's during the early acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. METHODS: An individual-level cross-sectional study using administrative data was conducted. A Difference-in-Difference (DiD) approach was used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sick leave rates of depression, anxiety and acute stress reaction among hospital front-line HCW's in comparison with other private insured workers. RESULTS: DiD estimates showed a significant reduction of depression (17%), anxiety (8%) and acute stress reaction (8%) sick leave rate, in the front-line HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduction of the three mental disorders sick leave rates was higher in men than women. Except for depression, front-line HCW's from the Santiago region's sick leave rates of anxiety and acute stress reaction decreased more than other regions'. CONCLUSION: Opposite to our hypothesis the results suggests a remarkable resilience level and compromise of front-line HCW's. To address threats to the mental health of HCW's is key to promotes programs for their psychological well-being and safety.

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OBJECTIVE: Mental illness is noted for being in one of the first places in global burden of disease in terms of years lived with disability (YLDs). Notably, absences due to mental health problems greatly affect the world of work, and mental illness is one of the most economically important diseases. However, there is a high rate of those not seeking care in mental health, both in the general population but also in workers in private and public sectors with significant economic impacts. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with low access to specialized psychiatric care among French Public Sector employees referred to a psychiatric expertise upon request from the Departmental Medical Board of Martinique (Comité médical départemental [CMD] de Martinique), between 2000 and 2013. METHODS: We carried out an observational and transversal study, analyzing sociodemographic and clinical data from psychiatric assessments done to help the CMD give notification on the medico-administrative situation of Public Sector employees, a large majority of whom had been on sick leave due to mental health for at least 6 months. The variable of interest - low access to psychiatric care - was defined as the absence of consultation at the time of the assessment provided by a psychiatrist since at least 12 months. Descriptive analyses were performed first, then univariate analysis using a non-adjusted binary logistic regression model, to identify factors associated with low access to psychiatric care. Finally, multivariate analyses using a binary logistic regression model were performed after excluding non-relevant factors (with significance level above 5%) during the univariate analysis. A significance threshold of 0.05 was adopted for all of the statistical analyses. RESULTS: We retrospectively analysed the records of 516 Public Sector employees. Two hundred and ninety-three subjects (57% of the population) had a low access to psychiatric care as part of their regular clinical follow-up, even the 81% who were identified has having had psychiatric antecedents (55% with 'mood disorders', and 17% with 'neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders'). Moreover, psychiatric expertise found a psychiatric diagnostic in 96 % of cases, mostly 'mood disorders', 'neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders' and 'personality disorders'. For mood disorders, clinical characteristics of episodes were defined as 'severe' or 'with psychotic symptoms' in many cases. Suicidal thoughts were found in 96 subjects (18%) during the expertise. Fewer than half of the subjects (43%) had a specialized psychiatric care (mostly subjects with 'mood disorders' and 'psychotic disorders') and 41% only had care by a general practitioner (mostly subjects with 'neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders'). In most of the cases, psychotropic drugs were insufficiently and inadequately prescribed. Using multivariate analysis, we found a significant association between low access to psychiatric care and: being masculine, having had more than two children, having had personal life events (in particular chronic somatic diseases), and having had no history of mental illness or of psychiatric hospitalization. It appears that chronic somatic diseases are frequently associated with psychiatric diseases, and the association worsens the prognosis of the two disorders. However, even if employees with mental disorders associated with chronic somatic diseases are unfit for work, many of them do not have access to mental health care and only have care by a general practitioner. CONCLUSION: More than half of French Public Sector employees referred to the Departmental Medical Board of Martinique for a medico-administrative decision relevant to sick leave due to mental diseases, had low access to specialized psychiatric care. By identifying barriers to care and reasons for not seeking specialized mental health care, we would be able to prevent disability claims and days off work (predicting malaise in the workplace and health-related limitations). Our results demonstrate the need to strengthen existing partnerships, and thus enhancing cooperation between public psychiatric sectors and primary healthcare players, facilitating access to mental healthcare and decreasing the stigma about mental disorders.

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El absentismo laboral es una condición que afecta cada día a un gran número de empresas y que repercute en los ámbitos económico, social y cultural. Objetivo: Caracterizar el absentismo laboral por causa médica durante 2021 en trabajadores del área operativa de una compañía de extracción de minerales en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo para caracterizar el ab-sentismo laboral de una empresa minera, teniendo en cuenta una base de datos suministrada por dicha empresa, en la cual se presentaron los registros de absentismo de los trabajadores de la mina y sus diferentes áreas durante 2021, correspondiente a un total de 1069 incapacidades. Resultados: Los factores asociados con un aumento de la frecuencia del absentismo fueron la antigüedad del trabajador en la empresa, el cargo desempeñado y el área al cual se está adscrito, teniendo así que las causas más frecuentes de absentismo fueron las enfermedades de origen común de tipo respiratorio y traumatismos. Conclusión: El absentismo laboral se encuentra relacionado con el patrón de enfermedad o accidente laboral, y su prevalencia, en cuanto a áreas y sexo, se encuentra relacionada con las características propias de la compañía.

Work absenteeism is a condition that affects a large number of companies every day, generating an economic, social and cultural impact. Objective: To characterize absenteeism due to medical reasons during the year 2021 in workers of the operative area of a mineral extraction company in Antioquia, Colombia. Material and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted to characterize absenteeism in the operational area of a mining extraction company in Colombia, taking into account a database provided by the company, which presents the records of absenteeism of workers in the mine and its different areas during the period of 2021, corresponding to a total of 1,069 incapacities. Results: The factors associated with an increase in the frequency of absenteeism were the worker's seniority in the company, the position held and the area to which he/she is assigned, thus having that the most frequent causes of absenteeism were common respiratory diseases and traumatisms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that absenteeism is related to the pattern of occupational illness or accident, and that the prevalence of absenteeism in terms of areas and sex is related to the company's own characteristics.

O absenteísmo é uma condição que afeta muitas empresas todos os dias e tem repercussões nas esferas econômica, social e cultural. Objetivo: Caracterizar o absenteísmo por motivos médicos durante 2021 em trabalhadores da área operacional de uma empresa de extração mineral em Antioquia (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo para caracterizar o absenteísmo em uma empresa de mineração, levando em conta um banco de dados fornecido pela empresa, no qual foram apresentados os registros de absenteísmo dos trabalhadores da mina e de suas diferentes áreas durante 2021, correspondendo a um total de 1069 incapacidades. Resultados: Os fatores associados a um aumento na frequência de absenteísmo foram a antiguidade do trabalhador na empresa, o cargo ocupado e a área para a qual ele foi designado, sendo que as causas mais frequentes de absenteísmo foram doenças respiratórias de origem comum e traumatismos. Conclusão: O absenteísmo está relacionado ao padrão de doença ou acidente de trabalho, e sua pre-valência, em termos de áreas e sexo, está relacionada às características próprias da empresa

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Introduction: Police activity exposes the workers to several conditions that can cause physical and mental health problems, leading to sickness absenteeism. Objectives: To describe the reasons for sickness absenteeism in Federal Highway Patrol Officers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: We used secondary data from official records of sickness absenteeism of Federal Highway Patrol Officers in Rio Grande do Sul. Sickness absenteeism was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision. The variables analyzed were: reasons for sickness absenteeism, by code and category of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision, and days absent from work by International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision code. Descriptive data were reported using frequency distribution and measures of central tendency and dispersion. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the days absent from work between the International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision codes. Results: The most common reason for sickness absenteeism was diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (24.6%). Mental and behavioral disorders were associated with the highest number of days absent from work (32.6 ± 19.9 days). Within the most prevalent disease groups, depressive disorders (30%), fractures (30%), and low back pain (15.9%) were the disease categories with the highest frequencies. Conclusions: Sickness absenteeism among Federal Highway Patrol Officers is predominantly related to diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and prolonged sick leave is due mainly to mental and behavioral disorders. Therefore, this police organization needs to promote and implement prevention programs to manage the main morbidities.

Introdução: A atividade policial expõe seus trabalhadores a diversas condições que podem ocasionar problemas de saúde tanto físicos quanto mentais e consequente absenteísmo do profissional. Objetivos: Descrever os motivos de absenteísmo-doença em agentes da Polícia Rodoviária Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Utilizamos dados secundários de registros oficiais de absenteísmo do trabalho de agentes da Polícia Rodoviária Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os absenteísmos-doença foram classificados conforme a Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 10ª Revisão. As variáveis analisadas foram: motivos de absenteísmo-doença, por grupo e categoria da Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 10ª Revisão e dias de afastamento por grupo da Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 10ª Revisão. Dados descritivos foram reportados através de distribuição de frequências e de tendência central e dispersão. Utilizamos o teste de Kruskall-Wallis para comparação dos dias de afastamento entre os grupos de Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 10ª Revisão. Resultados: A maior prevalência de afastamentos foi por doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo (24,6%). O grupo de doenças dos transtornos mentais e de comportamento foi o que apresentou maior número de dias de afastamento (32,6 ± 19,9 dias). Entre os grupos mais prevalentes, transtornos depressivos (30%), fraturas (30%) e dor lombar (15,9%) foram as categorias de doença que apresentaram maiores frequências. Conclusões: O absenteísmo-doença entre os agentes da Polícia Rodoviária Federal predomina por doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo, bem como possui elevada duração por transtornos mentais e de comportamento. Assim, existe uma necessidade dessa organização policial de promover a prevenção e implementação de programas de gerenciamento dessas principais morbidades.

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Los Trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) abarcan más de 150 patologías que pueden afectar al sistema locomotor, siendo considerado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2021 como el principal factor para la incapacidad laboral y de requerir rehabilitación. Estas lesiones se presentan de forma repentina y pueden llegar a ser enfermedades crónicas, las cuales pueden afectar de una manera social, económica y laboral. Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas más frecuentes, asociadas a incapacidad laboral en pacientes que asisten al Centro de Salud en la provincia del Guayas. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo de investigación tiene un alcance descriptivo observacional, de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, el mismo que se apoyó en una base de datos de tipo numérico. Resultados. Obteniendo como resultado una mayor prevalencia en el dolor articular con un 32,49%, seguido de lumbalgia 14,13%, patologías artrósicas 13.73% y dorsalgia 2,62%. Conclusiones. Al realizar la comparación entre varios estudios se pudo determinar que la edad más frecuente para presentar alteraciones musculoesqueléticas es de los 30 a 70 años de edad dentro de la población laboral, siendo a mayor edad, mayor prevalencia a incapacidad laboral.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass more than 150 pathologies that can affect the locomotor system, being considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the year 2021 as the main factor for work incapacity and requiring rehabilitation. These injuries occur suddenly and can become chronic diseases, which can affect socially, economically and occupationally. Objective. To establish the prevalence of the most frequent musculoskeletal alterations associated with incapacity for work in patients attending the Health Center in the province of Guayas. Materials and methods. This research work has a descriptive observational scope, with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, which was supported by a numerical database. Results. Obtaining as a result a higher prevalence of joint pain with 32.49%, followed by low back pain 14.13%, osteoarthritic pathologies 13.73% and dorsalgia 2.62%. Conclusions. When comparing several studies, it was possible to determine that the most frequent age for presenting musculoskeletal alterations is between 30 and 70 years of age within the working population, the older the age, the higher the prevalence of incapacity for work.

As doenças musculoesqueléticas (MSDs) abrangem mais de 150 patologias que podem afetar o sistema locomotor, sendo consideradas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) no ano 2021 como o principal fator de incapacidade de trabalho e que necessitam de reabilitação. Essas lesões ocorrem repentinamente e podem se tornar doenças crônicas, que podem afetar social, econômica e profissionalmente. Objetivo. Estabelecer a prevalência dos distúrbios musculoesqueléticos mais frequentes associados à incapacidade de trabalho em pacientes que frequentam o Centro de Saúde na província de Guayas. Materiais e métodos. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem um escopo observacional descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa e um projeto transversal não-experimental, que foi apoiado por um banco de dados numérico. Resultados. Obtendo como resultado uma maior prevalência de dores articulares com 32,49%, seguida de dores lombares baixas 14,13%, patologias artríticas 13,73% e dores nas costas 2,62%. Conclusões. Uma comparação entre vários estudos mostrou que a idade mais frequente para apresentar distúrbios musculoesqueléticos é entre 30 e 70 anos de idade na população trabalhadora, sendo que quanto maior a idade, maior a prevalência de incapacidade para o trabalho.

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Introduction: To understand the sick leave situation and the causes and effects of a temporary loss of capacity to work allows for the strengthening of policies and management in the provision of health services. Objective: To analyze sick leave in Colombia in the 2016-2018 period. Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study and the relative risk was calculated. Sick leave reports were provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. 12,410,837 reports from formal workers between the ages of 18-70 years and had at least one temporary disability were processed. Results: The average age of people with sick leave was 37.11 years, 53% corresponding to females. On average, sick leave was 90.6% and 5.6% for dependent and independent workers, respectively. The principal causes of disability were musculoskeletal diseases and were more likely in men and adults according to RR. Men in comparison to females and adults in comparison to youths are less likely to have sick leave due to respiratory disease. Conclusions: In Colombia, females presented more temporary sick leave, even if males had more days of disability, even though the median was three days in both genders. Youth and adults had more sick leave days.

Introducción: Comprender la situación de incapacidad por enfermedad, causas y efectos de una pérdida temporal de la capacidad de trabajo fortalece las políticas y la gestión en la prestación de servicios de salud. Objetivo: Analizar las incapacidades por enfermedad en Colombia en el período 2016-2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo, con cálculo del riesgo relativo. Se procesaron 12.410.837 registros de trabajadores formales entre 18 y 70 años de edad y con al menos una incapacidad temporal, según los informes del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: La edad promedio de las personas fue de 37,11 años, 53% fueron mujeres. En promedio, el 90,6% de las incapacidades fue para trabajadores dependientes y el 5,6% trabajadores independientes. Las principales causas de incapacidad fueron las enfermedades del sistema musculoesquelético más frecuentes en hombres adultos según RR. Los hombres en comparación con las mujeres y los adultos en comparación con los jóvenes tienen menos probabilidades de tener licencia por enfermedad respiratoria. Conclusiones: Las mujeres presentaron más incapacidades temporales por enfermedad, aunque los hombres tuvieron más días de incapacidad, la mediana fue de tres días en ambos géneros. Los jóvenes y los adultos tenían más días de baja por enfermedad.

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Introduction: In recent years, mental disorders have remained the third leading cause of sick-pay benefits due to incapacity for work in Brazil. Objectives: To assess the profile and outcomes of workers receiving sick pay for depression through the Criciúma unit of the Brazilian National Social Security Institute (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social, INSS). Methods: The study was carried out using data obtained from the Electronic System Portal of the INSS Citizen Information Service of Criciúma, state of Santa Catarina. A total of 343 individuals were selected over a 1-year period. We then analyzed all new benefits granted over a 6-year period. Results: Mild depressive episode was the disorder that prompted the most disability benefits. The mean age was 42 years, with a predominance of female beneficiaries. Overall, 56% of beneficiaries were granted at least one new disability benefit. Mental health disorders were among the leading causes. The duration of new benefits was significantly longer. Conclusions: The typical profile is that of a 42-year-old woman, gainfully employed, earning one to two times the minimum wage, with low educational attainment, who is deemed unfit for work due to a mild depressive episode. Older age was a risk factor for being awarded a new benefit. Benefits classified as due to a more serious condition and those awarded subsequent to the first benefit had a longer duration. Given the relevance of depression to occupational health, we hope that the findings of the present study will contribute to the literature and encourage new research in the field.

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Introduction: The severe respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus has resulted in worldwide pressure on the healthcare workers attempting to treat millions of individuals ill with COVID-19, in addition to their regular duties. Objectives: To examine use of psychiatric leave by Argentinian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, including exploring potential differences by sex. Methods: We analyzed psychiatric sick leave taken by municipal level healthcare workers in the Province of Buenos Aires, January - October 2020. We compared historical cases of psychiatric sick leave from 2015-2019 to leave requested in 2020. Results: Healthcare workers utilized 161.9% more psychiatric sick leave in 2020, with significantly more leave taken by women. Conclusions: Healthcare workers in the Argentinian municipality of Vicente Lopez took a significantly greater amount of psychiatric sick leave during the pandemic. The higher rates of psychiatric sick leave taken by women replicates other findings of higher rates of psychological symptoms in female healthcare workers.

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Introduction: Sickness absence is a phenomenon that has an impact on productivity, costs, and the working environment. Objectives: To understand the patterns of sickness absence by gender, age, and occupation, as well as its association with cost in a service company. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the sick leave data for 889 employees in one service company. The total number of sick leave notifications registered was 156. We performed a t-test for gender and a non-parametric test for the mean differences related to cost. Results: We found that women registered more sick days than men, accounting for 68.59% of all sick days recorded. Absence due to sickness was more common in the age range of 35-50 years for both men and women. The mean number of days lost was 6, and the average cost was 313 U.S. dollars. Chronic disease was the main cause of sick leave, representing 66.02% of all absent days. There were no differences in the mean number of days of sick leave between men and women. Conclusions: There is no statistical difference in the number of days of sick leave between men and women. The costs of absence related to chronic disease are higher than those for other causes, so it is good practice to try developing health promotion programs in the workplace to prevent chronic disease in the working age population and reduce its associated costs.

Introdução: A licença médica é um fenômeno que afeta a produtividade, os custos e o ambiente de trabalho. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é compreender os padrões de licença médica por sexo, idade, ocupação e sua relação com os custos de uma empresa de serviços. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal com base nos dados de licença médica de 889 funcionários de uma empresa de serviços. Registraram-se 156 notificações de licença médica. Realizamos um teste t por sexo e um teste não paramétrico para testar as diferenças médias relacionadas aos custos. Resultados: Verificamos que as mulheres registraram mais dias de licença médica (68,59%) do que os homens. A licença médica foi mais comum na faixa etária de 35-50 anos, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. O número médio de faltas foi de 6 dias e os custos médios foram de 313 dólares americanos. As doenças crônicas foram a principal causa de licença médica (66,02%). Não houve diferença da média de dias de licença médica entre homens e mulheres. Conclusões: Não houve diferença estatística de dias de licença médica entre homens e mulheres. Os custos de licença médica relacionados a doenças crônicas são mais altos do que os de outras causas, portanto constitui boa prática tentar desenvolver programas de promoção da saúde no ambiente de trabalho, para prevenir doenças crônicas na população economicamente ativa e reduzir seus custos associados.

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Introduction: Mental disorders have been responsible for increasing sickness absenteeism, and are associated with long-term disabilities, resulting in reduced productivity and quality of life for workers. Objectives: To describe the profile of sickness absenteeism due to mental and behavioral disorders among federal civil servants in the executive branch in the state of Acre between 2013 and 2018. Methods: In this descriptive time series analysis with a quantitative design, sick leaves for mental and behavioral disorders approved by clinics of the Integrated Subsystem for Civil Servant Health Care of Acre were investigated. Results: Mental and behavioral disorders were the second main cause of absences during the study period, leading to more than 19,000 lost workdays. The prevalence of these leaves ranged from 0.81% in 2013 to 2.42% in 2018. Sick leaves due to mental disorders were granted mainly to female employees aged > 41 years for a period of 6-15 days. The most frequent diagnoses were depressive episodes, followed by other anxious disorders. Conclusions: Sickness absenteeism due to mental and behavioral disorders increased during the study period. These results reveal an urgent need for health promotion programs and prevention policies for these disorders in this population, as well as for further research to assess the impact of work conditions and the organization of work processes on the mental health of federal civil servants.

Introdução: Os transtornos mentais têm sido responsáveis por números crescentes de absenteísmo-doença e estão associados a incapacidades de longa duração, acarretando a redução da produtividade e qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil do absenteísmo-doença ocasionado por transtornos mentais e comportamentais em servidores públicos federais do Poder Executivo no estado do Acre no período de 2013 a 2018. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de série temporal com abordagem quantitativa que avaliou as licenças para tratamento de saúde por transtornos mentais e comportamentais, concedidas através da perícia médica em uma das unidades do Subsistema Integrado de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor do estado do Acre. Resultados: Os transtornos mentais e comportamentais representaram a segunda principal causa de afastamentos entre os servidores durante os anos estudados, gerando mais de 19 mil dias de trabalho perdidos. A prevalência desses afastamentos variou de 0,81% no ano de 2013 a 2,42% no ano de 2018. As licenças foram concedidas principalmente a servidores do sexo feminino, com idade superior a 41 anos e com tempo de afastamento entre 6 a 15 dias. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram episódios depressivos, sendo seguidos por outros transtornos ansiosos. Conclusões: O absenteísmo-doença ocasionado pelos transtornos mentais e comportamentais aumentou no período do estudo. Tais resultados indicam a necessidade urgente de políticas de promoção à saúde e prevenção desses agravos a essa população e de estudos que avaliem o impacto das condições e a organização dos processos de trabalho na saúde mental dessa população de servidores.

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BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been shown a high prevalence and debilitating mental health. Most of the burden comes from reduced work functioning and frequent or long-term absenteeism. AIMS: Describe psychosocial functionality in sample of workers with MDD and observe associated factors with sick-leave. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Participants were 172 formal workers with MDD according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were classified as active (n = 76) or in sick leave (n = 96). Functionality Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used and the variables were: personal, clinical, and occupational characteristics. Descriptive, bivariate and hierarchical multivariate analyses were conducted; significant with p < .05. RESULTS: Most of the sample was female and <50. Workers in sick leave were older, less physically active, and presented worse scores in global and in each domain of functionality (FAST). High autonomy at working process, perceived stressing work, do not enjoy the work and low resilience to work adversities were significantly associated with sick leave (p < .05). Regarding clinical characteristics of MDD, severity, clinical comorbidity and recidivate subtype were associated with sick leave outcome (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Sick leave is an important indicator of global functionality. Effective strategies to reduce MDD burden ought to involve some perspectives: (1) Diagnosis and efficient treatment; (2) Promotion and monitoring of functionality and rehabilitation programs; (3) Subject-centered actions that help workers cope with adversities, mitigate stress, and increase satisfaction at work.

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ABSTRACT The project included 22 white-collar workers with occupational burnout on long-term sick leave who participated in three focused therapy groups. During therapy, the therapist met separately with each participant and representatives from their employer and social insurance provider to discuss the participant's eventual return to work. At thefollow-up, 73% of participants were working (on a full-time basis or part-time basis), compared to 14% of participants who were working at the start of treatment. In conclusion, the participants appeared to benefit from the combination of the group intervention and therapist guided meetings with representatives of other stakeholders.

RESUMO O projeto incluiu 22 funcionários administrativos com burnout ocupacional e em licença médica de longo prazo que participaram de três grupos de terapia focalizada. Durante o curso da terapia, o terapeuta se reuniu separadamente com cada participante e representantes de seu empregador e provedor de seguro social para discutir o eventual retorno do participante ao trabalho. No acompanhamento, 73% dos participantes trabalhavam (em período integral ou parcial), em comparação com 14% dos participantes que trabalhavam no início do tratamento. Em conclusão, os participantes pareciam se beneficiar da combinação da intervenção do grupo com reuniões guiadas por terapeutas com representantes de outras partes interessadas.

RESUMEN El proyecto incluyó a 22 trabajadores administrativos con agotamiento ocupacional y con licencia por enfermedad a largo plazo que participaron en tres grupos de terapia. Durante el curso de la terapia, el terapeuta se reunió por separado con cada participante y representantes de su empleador y proveedor de seguro social para discutir el eventual regreso del participante al trabajo. En el seguimiento, el 73% de los participantes estaban trabajando(a tiempo completo o parcial), en comparación con el 14% de los participantes que estaban trabajando al inicio del tratamiento. En conclusión, los participantes parecieron beneficiarse de la combinación de la intervención de grupo y de las reuniones guiadas por el terapeuta con representantes de otras partes interesadas.

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O objetivo geral desse artigo é analisar como os trabalhadores afastados do ambiente laboral por motivo de doença vivenciaram o rompimento com o trabalho e quais perspectivas de futuro elaboraram a partir dessa vivência. Participaram do estudo nove trabalhadores afastados do ambiente laboral por motivo de doença, usuários de um Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise de conteúdo temática, com o auxílio teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Evidenciou-se que os trabalhadores chegam a preferir os sofrimentos vivenciados no trabalho àqueles oriundos do seu afastamento, assim como possuem expectativas frustradas de reconhecimento, somadas às limitações para o alcance de melhores perspectivas profissionais.

The aim of this article is to analyze how workers away from the work environment due to illness experienced the break from work and what future perspectives they developed based on this experience. Nine workers who were away from the work environment due to illness, users of a Worker's Health Reference Center in a capital city in northeastern Brazil participated in this study. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, submitted to thematic content analysis, with the theoretical assistance of Psychodynamics of Work. It became clear that workers prefer the suffering experienced at work to those arising from their absence, as well as having frustrated expectations of recognition, added to the limitations to achieve better professional perspectives.

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Introdução: o trabalhador brasileiro, quando adoece, pode recorrer a diferentes tipos de auxílios nas previdências pública e privada para garantir recursos para ele e sua família. Objetivo: descrever a concessão de benefícios previdenciários aos segurados que se afastam do trabalho por distúrbio de voz e de laringe no Brasil. Métodos: levantamento de dados secundários (Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios), referentes aos afastamentos no período de 2009 a 2017. Foram considerados os CID-10: C32 - Neoplasia maligna da laringe; J04 - Laringite e traqueíte agudas; J37 - Laringite e laringotraqueíte crônicas; J38 - Doença das cordas vocais e da laringe não classificadas em outra parte - e R49 - Distúrbios da voz. Benefícios: B31- Auxílio-doença previdenciário, B32- Aposentadoria por invalidez previdenciária, B91- Auxílio-doença acidentário, B92- Aposentadoria por invalidez acidentária. Foram consideradas as variáveis: sexo, faixa etária e CID-10. Resultados: mulheres (59,6%), faixa etária entre 31 a 55 anos (58,4%) e CID C32 e J38 (68,8%) foram mais frequentes. Dentre os benefícios, o B31 (78,7%) e B32 (10,5%) foram os mais concedidos. Conclusão: observou-se predominância da concessão dos benefícios previdenciários (B31) por doença comum, na faixa etária entre 31 a 55 anos. As mulheres afastam-se predominantemente com os CID J38.2 e R49, e homens pelo CID C32.

Introduction: the Brazilian worker, in the presence of illness, can use different types of social security benefits to protect resources for him and his family. Objective: to describe the granting of social security benefits to policyholders who leave work due to voice and laryngeal disorders in Brazil. Methods: survey of secondary data (Single Benefit Information System), referring to sick leave from 2009 to 2017. ICD-10 was considered: C32 - Malignant neoplasm of the larynx; J04 - Acute laryngitis and tracheitis; J37 - Chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis; J38 - Disease of the vocal cords and larynx not elsewhere classified - and R49 - Voice disorders. Benefits: B31- Pension sickness benefit, B32- Retirement due to social security disability, B91- Accident sickness allowance, B92- Retirement due to accidental disability. Gender, age groups and ICD-10 variables were considered. Results: Women (59.6%), aged between 31 and 55 years (58.4%) and CID C32 and J38 (68.8%) were more frequent. Among the benefits, B31 (78.7%) and B32 (10.5%) were the most granted. Conclusion: there was a predominance of the granting of social security benefits (B31) due to common illness in the age group between 31 and 55 years old. Women distance themselves predominantly with ICD J38.2 and R49, and men with ICD C32.

Introducción: el trabajador brasileño, en presencia de enfermedad, puede utilizar diferentes tipos de prestaciones de seguridad social para proteger los recursos para él y su família. Objetivo: describir el otorgamiento de prestaciones de seguridad social a asegurados que dejan el trabajo por trastornos de la voz y laringe en Brasil. Métodos: encuesta de datos secundarios (Sistema Único de Información de Beneficio), referido a la baja laboral de 2009 a 2017. Se consideraron CIE-10: C32 - Neoplasia maligna de laringe; J04 - Laringitis y traqueítis agudas; J37 - Laringitis y laringotraqueítis crónica; J38 - Enfermedad de las cuerdas vocales y laringe no clasificada en otra parte - y R49 - Trastornos de la voz. Prestaciones: B31- Pensión por enfermedad, B32- Jubilación por invalidez de la seguridad social, B91- Subsidio por accidente, B92- Jubilación por invalidez accidental. Se consideraron las variables sexo, grupo de edad y CIE-10. Resultados: las mujeres (59,6%), con edades comprendidas entre 31 a 55 años (58,4%) y CID C32 y J38 (68,8%) fueron más frecuentes. Entre los beneficios, B31 (78,7%) y B32 (10,5%) fueron los más otorgados. Conclusión: predominó el otorgamiento de prestaciones de seguridad social (B31) por enfermedad común, en el grupo de edad entre 31 y 55 años. Las mujeres se distancian predominantemente con ICD J38.2 y R49, y los hombres con ICD C32.

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