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Objetivo: analisar os comportamentos sexuais e as práticas de prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino. Métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, realizado em uma universidade privada, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foi selecionada uma amostra intencional de 126 estudantes, da área de ciências humanas, na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos. Foram atendidos todos os aspectos éticos e legais em pesquisa. Resultados: Estudantes na faixa etária entre 18-21 anos representaram 76,19% dos participantes; a maioria teve a primeira relação sexual entre 12-16 anos (71,68%) e possuíam parceiros sexuais - fixos (75,24%) e casuais (73,33%). Usaram preservativos: na sexarca 66,37% e com parceiros casuais 63,64%; não o utilizavam em todas as relações sexuais 61,06% dos participantes. Conclusão: as vulnerabilidades apontam a necessidade de estímulos à adoção de práticas profissionais voltadas à educação em saúde do homem sobre as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis. (AU)

Objective: analyze the sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections prevention practices of male university students. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An intentional sample of 126 students in the humanities, aged 18 to 29 years, was selected. All ethical and legal aspects of research were met. Results: Students aged between 18-21 years represented 76.19% of participants; most had their first sexual intercourse between 12-16 years old (71.68%) and had sexual partners - steady (75.24%) and casual (73.33%). Condoms were used: 66.37% at sexarche and 63.64% with casual partners; 61.06% of the participants did not use it in all sexual relations. Conclusion: the vulnerabilities point to the need to encourage the adoption of professional practices aimed at men's health education on Sexually Transmitted Diseases. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar los comportamientos sexuales y las prácticas de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual de estudiantes universitarios varones. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en una universidad privada de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional de 126 estudiantes de humanidades, de 18 a 29 años. Se cumplieron todos los aspectos éticos y legales de la investigación. Resultados: Los estudiantes de 18 a 21 años representaron el 76,19% de los participantes; la mayoría tuvo su primera relación sexual entre los 12-16 años (71,68%) y tuvo parejas sexuales, estables (75,24%) y casuales (73,33%). Se utilizaron condones: 66,37% en sexarche y 63,64% con parejas casuales; El 61,06% de los participantes no lo utilizó en todas las relaciones sexuales. Conclusión: las vulnerabilidades apuntan a la necesidad de incentivar la adopción de prácticas profesionales orientadas a la educación para la salud de los hombres en Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. (AU)

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Objetivo: Analisar o fenômeno da vulnerabilidade em saúde a partir da experiência de homens gays e bissexuais adultos residentes no Brasil diante do surto epidêmico da Mpox. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, nacional, realizado com 67 homens gays e bissexuais adultos, residentes no Brasil. Realizou-se uma web-survey, cujo dados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo Tematico Reflexivo, interpretados pelo referencial teórico/ conceitual da Vulnerabilidade Social. Resultados: A diversidade sexual foi condicionada a transmissão da mpox, produzindo vulnerabilidade individual nos homens gays e bissexuais. Em termos de vulnerabilidade social, a má comunicação foi produtora de desinformação e estigma. O surgimento de falhas na atenção integral à saúde na rede disponível resultou em vulnerabilidade programática. Implicações clínicas e sociais para o exercício da prática profissional em Enfermagem foram manifestadas, diante da necessidade de melhoria no manejo clínico e na conduta empática dos profissionais de enfermagem no atendimento aos homens gays e bissexuais. Conclusão: Ser homem gay e bissexual condicionou à experiencia da vulnerabilização no contexto do surto da Mpox no Brasil, afetando-os de maneira multidimensional. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the phenomenon of health vulnerability based on the experience of adult gay and bisexual men living in Brazil in the face of the Mpox epidemic outbreak. Methods: Qualitative, national study, carried out with 67 adult gay and bisexual men, living in Brazil. A web-survey was carried out, the data of which was subjected to Reflective Thematic Content Analysis, interpreted using the theoretical/conceptual framework of Social Vulnerability. Results: sexual diversity was conditioned by the transmission of mpox, producing individual vulnerability in gay and bisexual men. In terms of social vulnerability, poor communication produced misinformation and stigma. The emergence of gaps in comprehensive health care in the available network resulted in programmatic vulnerability. Clinical and social implications for the exercise of professional nursing practice were expressed, given the need to improve clinical management and the empathetic conduct of nursing professionals when caring for gay and bisexual men. Conclusion: being a gay and bisexual man led to the experience of vulnerability in the context of the Mpox outbreak in Brazil, affecting them in a multidimensional way. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar el fenómeno de la vulnerabilidad en salud a partir de la experiencia de hombres adultos gays y bisexuales residentes en Brasil frente al brote epidémico de Mpox. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, nacional, realizado con 67 hombres adultos homosexuales y bisexuales, residentes en Brasil. Se realizó una encuesta web, cuyos datos fueron sometidos a un Análisis de Contenido Temático Reflexivo, interpretado utilizando el marco teórico/conceptual de Vulnerabilidad Social. Resultados: la diversidad sexual estuvo condicionada por la transmisión de mpox, produciendo vulnerabilidad individual en hombres homosexuales y bisexuales. En términos de vulnerabilidad social, la mala comunicación produjo desinformación y estigma. La aparición de brechas en la atención integral de salud en la red disponible resultó en vulnerabilidad programática. Se expresaron implicaciones clínicas y sociales para el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de enfermería, dada la necesidad de mejorar la gestión clínica y la conducta empática de los profesionales de enfermería en el cuidado de hombres homosexuales y bisexuales. Conclusión: ser hombre gay y bisexual condujo a la experiencia de vulnerabilidad en el contexto del brote de Mpox en Brasil, afectándolos de manera multidimensional. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmitted by biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors that increase the vulnerability of certain population groups such as civil construction workers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of workers in the construction industry about infection by HIV and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted, including 381 construction workers, in the cities of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, and Santa Rita, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, performed through interviews, using a data collection instrument with social demographic variables and the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive measures, and for comparison between the categories the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with margin of error of 5%. RESULTS: A predominance of male workers was observed (97.4%) among 381 workers; aged 30-39 (34.1%); married (81.4%); with up to eight years of education (66.6%); family income of up to 2x the minimum wage (52.8%) and coming from the country (43.8%). The average of correct responses was 63.3%, with higher indices (70.0%) related to transmission and forms of prevention. There were higher percentages of hits among those who had studied for 12 years or more. Workers from the capital of Paraíba presented a higher number of correct responses (67.44%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a low index of knowledge of construction workers about HIV, highlighting their consequent vulnerability to acquiring this infection.

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BACKGROUND: Homeless women have complex life conditions and are often exposed to violence, sexual exploitation, rape, prostitution, reproductive disorders, survival sex trading, unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim was to explore the existence of sexual aggression and vulnerability to STIs among homeless Brazilian women. METHODS: Fifteen interviews were conducted with homeless women who were admitted to a women's shelter in a large city in Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, audiorecorded and complemented with notes of the researcher in field diary, subjected to inductive thematic analysis and analyzed in light of the social relations of gender. RESULTS: Two themes were constructed: "Being a woman on the streets: a look at gender inequalities" and "Pain and the raped body: the scars of homeless women". The transgression of women's rights was observed with reports of sexual abuse interspersed with physical violence. Unprotected sexual practices were part of the daily lives of these women, with repercussions for their exposure to sexually transmitted infections. Dependence on psychoactive substances was mentioned, and transactional sex was used as a source of income to maintain such dependence, as well as to promote the women's livelihood. CONCLUSION: Homeless women experience complex situations on the streets involving exposure to different types of violence, the use of transactional sex as a survival strategy and unprotected sexual practices. Furthermore, the way in which women have been exposed to sexual assault and their coping mechanisms to those require attention. Interventions are need to improve the healthcare assistance of homeless women victims of sexual assault, considering the vulnerability of this population.

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Objetivo: Construir un índice que determine la vulnerabilidad sexual de las mujeres trans. Material y Método: Estudio mixto realizado entre los años 2020 y 2021 que en su primera fase utilizó el análisis de contenido para textos que describían los conceptos básicos de vulnerabilidad, vulnerabilidad social y riesgo, apoyado con los relatos obtenidos en grupos focales y entrevistas a 14 mujeres transgénero para generar el constructo teórico de vulnerabilidad sexual de las mujeres transgénero. Para la segunda parte, a partir de la información recolectada de 417 mujeres transgénero de las ciudades de Bogotá y Cali que habían participado del estudio "Vulnerabilidad y Prevalencia de VIH en Mujeres Transgénero en tres ciudades de Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín y Santiago de Cali-2019", se seleccionaron las variables que serían parte de un análisis factorial exploratorio para construir la versión preliminar del índice. Resultados: Se construyó el índice de riesgo de vulnerabilidad sexual de las mujeres transgénero compuesto por 3 factores: apoyo social, prácticas sexuales y cuidado de la salud. El índice consta de 10 preguntas que se evalúan como 0 o 1, donde los puntajes más altos evidencian un mayor riesgo de vulnerabilidad sexual. Conclusiones: La vulnerabilidad sexual es un fenómeno construido por factores propios de la experiencia trans e influenciado por las características del contexto donde la persona habita; el índice construido cuenta con buena consistencia interna (alfa ordinal 0,90). Asimismo, se encontró concordancia entre el modelo teórico de la fase cualitativa y los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio.

Objective: To construct an index to determine the sexual vulnerability of trans women. Materials and Methods: Mixed study conducted between 2020 and 2021, which in its first phase used content analysis for texts describing the basic concepts of vulnerability, social vulnerability and risk. This was supported by accounts from focus groups and interviews with 14 transgender women to generate the theoretical construct of sexual vulnerability of transgender women. For the second phase, from the information provided by 417 transgender women from the cities of Bogotá and Cali, who participated in the study "Vulnerability and HIV Prevalence in Transgender Women in three cities of Colombia: Bogota, Medellin and Santiago de Cali - 2019", variables were selected to be part of an exploratory factor analysis to construct the preliminary version of the index. Results: The sexual vulnerability risk index of transgender women was based on 3 factors: social support, sexual practices, and health care. The index consisted of 10 questions scored as 0 or 1, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of sexual vulnerability. Conclusions: Sexual vulnerability is a phenomenon based on factors which are specific to the trans experience and it is influenced by the characteristics of the context in which the person lives. The constructed index has good internal consistency (ordinal alpha 0.90) and shows concordance between the theoretical model of the qualitative phase and the results of the exploratory factor analysis.

Objetivo: Construir um índice para determinar a vulnerabilidade sexual de mulheres transgênero. Material e Método: Estudo misto realizado entre 2020 e 2021 que, em sua primeira fase, utilizou a análise de conteúdo para textos que descrevem os conceitos básicos de vulnerabilidade, vulnerabilidade social e risco; apoiado por relatos obtidos em grupos focais e entrevistas com 14 mulheres transgênero para gerar o construto teórico de vulnerabilidade sexual de mulheres transgênero. Para a segunda fase, a partir das informações fornecidas por 417 mulheres transgênero das cidades de Bogotá e Cali que participaram do estudo "Vulnerabilidade e Prevalência de HIV em Mulheres Transgênero em três cidades da Colômbia: Bogotá, Medellín e Santiago de Cali-2019", foram selecionadas variáveis que fizeram parte de uma análise fatorial exploratória para construir a versão preliminar do índice. Resultados: O índice de risco de vulnerabilidade sexual de mulheres transgênero foi construído com base em três fatores: apoio social, práticas sexuais e assistência à saúde. Consiste em 10 perguntas que são avaliadas como 0 ou 1, em que as pontuações mais altas evidenciam um risco maior de vulnerabilidade sexual. Conclusões: A vulnerabilidade sexual é um fenômeno baseado em fatores que são específicos da experiência trans e é influenciado pelas características do contexto em que a pessoa vive. Além disso, o índice construído tem boa consistência interna (alfa ordinal 0,90) e mostra concordância entre o modelo teórico da fase qualitativa e os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória.

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Fundamento: actualmente son elevadas las cifras de jóvenes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, lo cual impone la necesidad de disponer de amplia información, percibir la vulnerabilidad propia y la gravedad del riesgo de infección. Objetivo: diseñar una propuesta de programa educativo con orientación popular para la modificación de percepción de riesgo del VIH/sida en estudiantes becarios de primer año de Medicina, 2021-2022. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, entre enero-diciembre de 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos. Se utilizó la variable percepción de riesgo, referida a la valoración del VIH/sida como amenaza para la salud de los seres humanos. Como instrumentos se manejó un cuestionario previamente validado. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado teniendo en cuenta el nivel de información sobre el VIH/sida, vulnerabilidad y severidad percibidas, demostró insuficiencias en ambos sexos, con mayor frecuencia en el femenino; por lo que se diseñó un programa educativo basado en educación popular, estructurado en: título, introducción, justificación, objetivo general, metodología, evaluación y orientaciones de actividades, con el fin de modificar la percepción de riesgo del VIH/sida en la muestra. Conclusiones: fue valorado por un grupo de especialistas, quienes ofrecieron sugerencias para su optimización, aplicadas en su conformación definitiva, lo cual resultó de suma utilidad para el resultado de la investigación y su aplicación en contextos similares.

Background: currently there are high numbers of young people with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which imposes the need to have extensive information, perceive one's own vulnerability and the severity of the risk for infection. Objective: to design a proposal for an educational program with popular orientation to modify the risk perception of HIV/AIDS in first-year medical scholarship students, 2021-2022. Methods: a development investigation was carried out from January to December 2021. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical methods were applied. The risk perception variable was used, referring to the assessment of HIV/AIDS as a threat to the health of human beings. A previously validated questionnaire was used as instruments. Results: the diagnosis carried out taking into account the level of information about HIV/AIDS, perceived vulnerability and severity, demonstrated insufficiencies in both sexes, more frequently in the female; Therefore, an educational program was designed based on popular education, structured in: title, introduction, justification, general objective, methodology, evaluation and guidelines for activities, in order to modify the perception of risk for HIV/AIDS in the sample. Conclusions: it was evaluated by a group of specialists, who offered suggestions for its optimization, applied in its final conformation, which was extremely useful for the results of the research and its application in similar contexts.

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Fundamento: mantenerse informados es un mediador influyente en las conductas de riesgo, mas no determinante. Conocerlo no es suficiente para traducirlo en conductas preventivas ya que existen otros factores que podrían influir en el comportamiento sexual, como la percepción de riesgo. Objetivo: determinar la percepción sobre el riesgo de contraer y/o transmitir VIH/sida, en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile en el año 2020, desde una perspectiva de género. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico, de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, a estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile durante el año 2020. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; y empíricos: entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. Para obtener la información se aplicó el análisis narrativo de contenido. Resultados: los estudiantes demostraron tener conocimiento respecto a VIH/sida, sus mecanismos de transmisión, tratamiento y prevención. La mayoría dice usar métodos de barrera, aunque distinguen su uso entre relaciones casuales y estables. En las relaciones de pareja estable la percepción de riesgo parece ser menor, asociada el no uso de preservativo por confianza y placer, entre otros. Conclusiones: el manejo teórico del tema no logra ser suficiente para que la autopercepción de riesgo sea incrementada y se adopten conductas preventivas. Conocer los elementos que influyen en la percepción de riesgo es relevante para lograr programas de educación sexual efectivos, considerando factores socioculturales además de la entrega de información.

Background: being updated is an influencial mediator of risk behaviors, but it is not determinant. To know the risk is not enough to put in practice prevetive behaviors since there are others factors that could influence upon sexual behavior, as the risk perception. Objective: to determine the perception about the risk of getting and/or transmitting HIV / AIDS, among students from the University of Chile, Faculty of Medicine, 2020, and with a gender perspective. Methods: a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach of descriptive exploratory type, with students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, was carried out in 2020. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical-logical methods; and empirical ones: semi-structured individual interviews. To get the information, narrative content analysis was applied. Results: students showed their knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, the mechanisms of transmission, treatment and prevention of it. Most of them refer using barrier methods, although they distinguish the use of it depending on what if it is a casual or stable relationship. In case of stable relationships, the perception of risk seems to be lower, associated with the non-use of condoms for trust and pleasure, among others. Conclusions: the theoretical management of the topic is not sufficient for the increase of self-perception risk and preventive behaviors be adopted. Knowing the elements that influence on risk perception is relevant to achieve effective sexual education programs, taking into account sociocultural factors in addition to the communication of information.

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RESUMO A população LGBTQIA+, ao buscar assistência à saúde, é constantemente exposta a vulnerabilidades evidenciadas por práticas preconceituosas decorrentes de atendimentos que reproduzem discriminação. Considerando a importância do debate relativo à diversidade sexual e de gênero, e em contraposição ao atendimento baseado em uma cis-heteronormatividade presumida, discriminatória e desconectada das necessidades das pessoas usuárias, este trabalho partiu de inquietações advindas do campo de atuação da enfermagem. Como a enfermeira percebe o corpo sob seus cuidados? Como se relaciona com esse indivíduo no contexto do processo de enfermagem? A enfermeira está preparada para assistir à população LGBTQIA+? Quais as melhores práticas que podem ser adotadas? Essa profissional tem conhecimento sobre os riscos de uma assistência ineficaz para as pessoas LGBTQIA+? Este estudo qualitativo foi desenvolvido mediante questionário semiestruturado aplicado a 17 enfermeiras atuantes no Hospital Maternidade Theresa Sacchi de Moura/Hospital da Mulher, no município de Barra Mansa, interior do Rio de Janeiro. No processo de pesquisa científica, foi adotada a técnica de análise de discurso a partir das falas compiladas que apontaram despreparo em relação às especificidades da comunidade LGBTQIA+, resultando na reprodução de violências e, consequentemente, tornando-se uma barreira ao acesso dos serviços de saúde.

ABSTRACT When seeking health care, the LGBTQIA+ population is constantly exposed to vulnerabilities evidenced by prejudiced practices resulting from assistance that reproduces discrimination. Considering the importance of the debate on sexual and gender diversity, and in opposition to care based on presumed cisheteronormativity, which is discriminatory and disconnected from the needs of the people who use the service, this work was based on concerns arising from the field of nursing. How does the nurse perceive the body under her care? How do they relate to this individual in the context of the nursing process? Are nurses prepared to assist the LGBTQIA+ population? What best practices can be adopted? Are they aware of the risks of ineffective care for LGBTQIA+ people? This qualitative study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 17 nurses working at the Hospital Maternidade Theresa Sacchi de Moura/Hospital da Mulher, in Barra Mansa, countryside of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Barra Mansa, in the interior of Rio de Janeiro. In the process of scientific research, the technique of discourse analysis was adopted based on the statements compiled, which pointed to a lack of preparation in relation to the specificities of the LGBTQIA+ community, resulting in the reproduction of violence and, consequently, becoming a barrier to access to health services.

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Background: French Guiana is a multicultural French territory in Amazonia with an old migration history and a high prevalence of HIV infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate situations of sexual vulnerability and their associated factors among migrant women in French Guiana. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in 2021 in the French Red Cross Prevention and Health Centers of the two main cities of French Guiana (Cayenne and Saint Laurent du Maroni). Analysis was performed with multivariate stepwise logistic regression using Stata 15.0 software. Findings: A total of 382 migrant women were included, with a median age of 31 years, mainly born in Haiti (80%), Suriname (9%), or Dominican Republic (6%), undocumented (71%), and with financial difficulties (77%). Among the 20% having casual partners, 57% reported unprotected sexual intercourse, more often the Haitian and Surinamese women. A history of rape was reported by 20% of women, most often in the country of origin (71%). Lifetime rape was associated with being threatened [aOR = 3.69 (1.96-6.96)] or being physically abused [aOR = 12.95 (6.51-25.75)] in the multivariate analysis. Among the women surveyed, 30% reported having ever exchanged sex for money, food, or shelter in their lifetime. Transactional sex is more common among Dominican women [aOR = 5.59 (1.84-16.95)] and women living in French Guiana for more than 2 years [aOR = 2.32 (1.38-3.92)]. Transactional sex is also associated with alcohol misuse [aOR = 2.57 (1.46-4.53)], history of threats [aOR = 2.03 (1.14-3.63)], history of rape [aOR = 1.92 (1.03-3.60)], and depressive disorders [aOR = 2.08 (1.21-3.60)]. Interpretation: Migrant women in French Guiana are in a situation of sexual vulnerability. An intervention focused on sexual education and the promotion of prevention tools among Haitian women is advisable. Better prevention and support for transactional sex are needed to prevent violence and its mental health and alcohol misuse consequences for all women, especially Dominican women.

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