RESUMO
Two antivenoms are available for rattlesnake envenomations in the U.S., Fab (CroFab®, BTG, UK), and F(ab')2 (Anavip®, Bioclon, Mexico) antivenom (AV) with F(ab')2AV released in October 2018. The F(ab')2AV Phase 3 comparative clinical trial demonstrated similar efficacy in treating venom-caused hematologic toxicity, similar rates of Types I and III hypersensitivity reactions, and a lower rate of recurrent hematological effects than FabAV. We hypothesized that a post-marketing, comparative study of effectiveness and rates of hypersensitivity reactions in treating rattlesnake envenomations in New Mexico would demonstrate similar outcomes. Patients eligible for the study presented to a New Mexico healthcare facility between May and October 2019 and were known/suspected to have a rattlesnake bite. Exclusion criteria for antivenom comparison were those with a dry bite, lost to follow-up, or late presentation. All cases were included for patient/bite demographics, initial local control, hematological control, number of maintenance/control doses, development of persistent, recurrent or late-, new-onset hematologic effects, and hypersensitivity reactions. We used Fisher's exact tests for analysis and 0.05 cutoff to determine significance. There were 54 rattlesnake-bitten patients in New Mexico with 17 excluded for comparison of antivenom because of dry bites, loss to follow-up, and one case of late presentation. Thirty-seven patients remained for comparative analysis between F(ab')2AV (n = 11) and FabAV (n = 26). There were no significant demographic differences between F(ab')2 and Fab-treated patients. No patient had a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. No rescue doses were given. The rate of recurrent, persistent or late-, new-onset of hematologic effects was 0% with F(ab')2AV and 29% with FabAV. No patient was readmitted. No patient had bleeding complications. Type III hypersensitivity reactions were similar between F(ab')2AV (36%) and FabAV (25%). The results of our study are consistent with the Phase 3 clinical comparative trial and indicate no significant differences in safety or effectiveness between FabAV and F(ab')2AV. F(ab')2AV offers the advantages of not requiring maintenance doses and may have a lower rate of late hematologic effects in treating rattlesnake envenomations.
Assuntos
Antivenenos , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Adolescente , Animais , Venenos de Crotalídeos , Crotalus , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Marketing , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New MexicoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Las mordeduras de serpiente continúan siendo un problema de salud pública, especialmente en países tropicales como Colombia. Objetivo: Caracterizar los casos de accidente ofídico atendidos en un nuevo centro de asesoría toxicológica de Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, revisando la base de datos donde se registra la información relacionada con la asesoría brindada por dicho centro desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Se registraron 117 casos de accidente ofídico, de los cuales 93 (79%) eran hombres y 24 (21%) mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 32 años (rango: 2 a 82 años). El seguimiento de los casos pudo lograse en 55 de los 117 accidentes (47%), y se describieron complicaciones en 18 de los 55 (33%) pacientes. La complicación descrita con mayor frecuencia fue brote maculopapular pruriginoso asociado con la administración del suero, sin que se identificaran diferencias entre las distintas marcas de suero antiofídico utilizado. Se documentó la muerte de un paciente (0,85%). El género Bothrops produjo la mayoría de los accidentes. Discusión: Los datos obtenidos coinciden con la bibliografía publicada.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Snakebites continue to be a public health problem, especially in tropical countries like Colombia. Objetive: To characterize the snakebite cases attended by a new poison center in Medellin, Colombia. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, reviewing the information of the Center's database from January 1st to December 31st, 2016. Results: There were 117 cases of ophidian accidents, affecting 93 men (79%) and 24 women (21%), with a median age of 32 years (range: 2 to 82 years). The follow-up of the cases could be done in 55 of the 117 accidents (47%), and complications were described in 18 of those 55 (33%) patients. The most commonly reported complication was a pruritic maculopapular rash that was associated to serum administration, without differences between the several brands of anti-ophidian serum used. The death of one patient (0.85%) was documented. The genus Bothrops caused most of the accidents. Discussion: Our results agree with previously published data.
Assuntos
Humanos , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Doença do Soro , Toxicologia , Colômbia , Animais PeçonhentosRESUMO
El paraquat es un herbicida frecuentemente utilizado en Colombia. Sabiendo su potencial tóxico es fundamental que el personal de salud conozca las características de la intoxicación y su tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino quien sufrió una intoxicación auto infringida con paraquat, el cual fue tratado según los protocolos de manejo propuestos para Colombia; no obstante con resultados oscuros para el paciente, dejando claro de esta manera, la intención de tratamiento y las expectativas que deben tener en la mayoría de los casos el médico, el paciente y su familia. Se revisa la evolución clínica del paciente y se correlaciona con la fisiopatología del herbicida. Adicionalmente, se revisan nuevas alternativas en el manejo.
Paraquat is an herbicide commonly used in Colombia with a known toxic potential. It is vital that health workers know the characteristics of poisoning and its treatment. In this article we present the case of a male patient who suffered a self-inflicted poisoning by Paraquat, which was treated according to the Colombian protocols, although with dark results for the patient. For this reason the physician, the patient and his family should always have clear the intention to treat and the expectations for these cases. In the article the patient's clinical progress is reviewed and correlated with the pathophysiology of the herbicide. New alternatives are also presented and reviewed.
RESUMO
La enfermedad del suero constituye un síndrome clínico causado por la formación de complejos inmunes que generan una reacción de hipersensibilidad, con manifestaciones clínicas típicas de erupción cutánea, artritis, y fiebre que inician de 1 a 3 semanas después de la administración de un fármaco y suelen desaparecer al cabo de varios días de interrumpir la administración del agente causal, pudiendo persistir durante intervalos mayores, especialmente cuando son fármacos de acción prolongada o retardada. Se describe el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Sjõgren primario que presentó enfermedad del suero secundaria al uso de rituximab.
Serum sickness is a clinical syndrome caused by the formation of immune complexes that generate a hypersensitivity reaction. Typical manifestations are rashes, arthritis, and fever beginning within3 weeks after administration of a drug and usually disappear several days after the suppression of the causative agent, although theymight persist for longer periods, especially with long-acting drugs. We describe the case of a female patient with primary Sjogren'ssyndrome who presented secondary serum sickness after usingrituximab.