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Introducción: Los desperdicios de alimentos en los comedores escolares son un problema que afecta al uso de recursos naturales, humanos y económicos. Objetivo: Identificar las opiniones y percepciones de manipuladoras de alimentos sobre factores relacionados al desperdicio de alimentos y posibles estrategias para disminuirlo en comedores escolares del Programa de Alimentación Escolar de la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas en Chile. Métodos: Diseño cualitativo mediante técnica de grupos focales, con 33 participantes. Se aplicó un protocolo de investigación cualitativo que incluyó consentimiento informado, caracterización sociodemográfica, pauta de observación y guion con las dimensiones exploradas. Cada grupo contó con moderador experto y un observador. Se grabó y transcribió el audio de cada sesión y se analizó mediante ATLAS. Ti, versión 8. Resultados: Según las manipuladoras, los alimentos menos consumidos por los estudiantes son las legumbres, verduras frescas, productos marinos y algunas salsas. Estiman que el desperdicio de alimentos oscila entre los 25 a 100 Kilos al día. Las mujeres identifican factores claves en el rechazo de los alimentos por parte de los escolares; estética, olor y sabor del plato; repetitividad del menú; y aspectos culturales. Como estrategias para reducir el desperdicio proponen variar el menú, incorporar alimentos conocidos por los escolares, educar a los padres en la importancia de ofrecer alimentos y preparaciones saludables y sostenibles; fomentar la participación de toda la comunidad educativa en el proceso alimentario. Conclusiones: El estudio reveló que el desperdicio de alimentos en los comedores escolares es un problema complejo que requiere una intervención multidimensional que involucre a todos los actores del sistema alimentario escolar.

Introduction: Food waste in school canteens is a problem that affects the use of natural, human and economic resources. Objective: Identify the opinions and perceptions of food handlers about food waste factors and possible strategies to reduce them in school canteens of the School Feeding Programme of the Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas in Chile. Methods: Qualitative design using a focus group technique with 33 participants. A qualitative research protocol that included informed consent, sociodemographic characterisation, observation guidelines, and a script with the dimensions explored was applied. Each group had an expert moderator and an observer. The audio of each session was recorded, transcribed, and analysed using ATLAS. Ti, version 8. Results: According to the handlers, the foods least consumed by the students are legumes, fresh vegetables, seafood, and some sauces. They estimate that food waste ranges from 25 to 100 kg per day. Women identify critical factors in the rejection of food by schoolchildren: aesthetics, smell, and taste of the dish; repetitiveness of the menu; and cultural aspects. As strategies to reduce waste, they propose varying the menu, incorporating foods familiar to schoolchildren, educating parents about the importance of offering healthy and sustainable food and preparations, and encouraging the participation of the entire educational community in the food process. Conclusions: The study revealed that food waste in school canteens is a complex problem that requires a multidimensional intervention that involves all actors in the school food system.

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BACKGROUND: One of the reasons for the more prominent resistance of canteen managers to implementing healthy canteens is based on the belief in the economic infeasibility of these models. The research aimed to verify the economic and financial viability of traditional and healthy models of school canteens in a Brazilian metropolis. METHODS: The case study was carried out with 36 companies in the school canteen sector in a Brazilian metropolis. The classification of items sold in canteens considered the extent and purpose of food processing according to the NOVA Classification. The characterization and definition of traditional canteens and healthy canteens were proposed considering the amount of in natura or minimally processed foods and culinary preparations without the presence of ultra-processed foods; the percentage of ultra-processed foods or processed foods or culinary preparations with the presence of ultra-processed foods; and the existence of prohibited foods. The economic and financial analysis was carried out mainly through the evaluation of profitability. Data were collected through an electronic self-administered questionnaire sent to canteen managers. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians and the Chi-Square/Fisher's Exact Test to compare proportions. RESULTS: The study included six companies, responsible for 36 canteen units in private schools, 30 classified in the traditional model (83.3%), and six in the healthy model (16.7%). The median percentage of natural, minimally processed foods and commercialized culinary preparations was higher among the healthy model canteens (87.9% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001). While the median percentage of ultra-processed, processed, or preparations with the presence of ultra-processed (40.0% vs. 12.1%, p < 0.001) and prohibited foods (10.0% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) sold was higher in the traditional model canteens. The results indicated that the profitability in the healthy canteens was higher (p < 0.001) than in the traditional ones. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy school canteens showed better financial and economic results compared to traditional canteens with emphasis on greater profitability and a shorter recovery time of the initial investment.

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Ecuadorian school population continues to increase. An important factor in children's nutrition is the food offered in school canteens. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of the challenges faced by and facilities of school canteens in the provinces of southern Ecuador in terms of complying with national regulations. For this qualitative descriptive study, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2021 with six school canteen owners, six school directors, five health experts, and seven parents of children attending school from three provinces, Cañar, Azuay, and Morona Santiago, in Ecuador. The data were transcribed and subsequently analyzed in ATLAS ti. The participants indicated several challenges to comply with the regulations of school canteens, such as the expenses generated by them, the lack of control of street food vendors in the surroundings of the schools, and the lack of trained personnel. Regarding the facilities, they highlighted that the regulation for cleaning and hygiene are more easily fulfilled. Standards and control of the food stipend in school canteens are required to ensure a supply of healthy food for the children. Multiple challenges and strategies are proposed to improve the eating habits of the school population and to improve the nutrition of schoolchildren.

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Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar o cumprimento da Lei Estadual 12.061/2001 em 21 cantinas da rede básica de ensino particular de municípios do vale do Itajaí e avaliar suas condições higiênico-sanitárias. Aplicou-se um questionário composto por questões abertas e fechadas sobre conhecimento, aplicação e adequação a lei em questão; orientação recebida; tipo de alimentos oferecidos e os mais consumidos. Paralelamente foram observadas as condições higiênico-sanitárias das instalações empregadas para elaboração e comercialização dos alimentos. Do total das escolas visitadas 14 por cento (n=3) atendiam alunos do ensino fundamental, 19 por cento (n=4) ensino médio e 67 por cento (n=14) ensino fundamental e médio.(...) Dentre as cantinas avaliadas somente 14 por cento (n=3) receberam orientação de nutricionista em algum momento. Avaliando os aspectos higiênico-sanitários verificou-se que 12 por cento (n=2) dos estabelecimentos vistoriados apresentaram classificação regular segundo os critérios avaliados, 11 por cento (n=1) foram classificados como deficiente, porém, parcela representativa (57 por cento; n=12) foi classificada como ótimo. Diante do exposto sugere-se que a inserção da assessoria de um nutricionista nas cantinas das escolas poderia contribuir positivamente para a melhoria das condições higiênico-sanitárias e qualidade nutricional dos alimentos comercializados nesses estabelecimentos comerciais, fazendo cumprir a legislação vigente e promovendo hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre os escolares do ensino fundamental.(AU)

This research aimed at to verify the application of the State Law n. 12.061/ 2001 in private school canteens of municipal districts of Vale do 1tajaí and to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of them. The data were collected during visits accomplished to 21 outsourced cant teens. A questionnaire compounded by open and closed questions was applied to evaluate knowledge, application; orientation; adaptation to the legislation, type of offered foods, preferred foods and nutritional quality of the commercialized foods. Parallel, was observed the hygienic- sanitary conditions of the installations used to elaborate and commercialization of foo. Of the total visited schools J4% (n=3) assisted students from the fundamental education, 19% (n=4) medium education and 67% (n=14)fundamental and medium education. Regarding to the knowledge of the State Law, 90% (n=19) of canteens' owners had knowledge of it and 57% (n =12) have been applying it in their establishments. Among the canteens, only 14% (n=3) received nutritionist's orientation in some moment. Regarding the aspects hygienic-sanitariums it was verified that 12% (n=2) of the inspected establishments presented regular hygienic- sanitary conditions classified according to the adopted criteria, 11% (n=1) were classified as very "deficient" and a representative portion; 57% (n=12), was classified as very good. The data suggest that the insert of a nutritionist's expertise in the canteens could positively contribute forthe improvement of the hygienic sanitary conditions and nutritional quality of the commercialized foods, enforcingthe effective legislation and promoting healthy alimentary habits among scholars of the fundamental education. (AU)

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