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This research provides new evidence regarding the different kinds of air quality episodes, and their underlying mechanisms, that frequently impact the urban area of Quintero Bay in Central Chile, which is located along complex coastal terrain and is surrounded by industries. The monitoring campaign was carried out in January 2022 and encompassed two distinctive meteorological regimes. The first part of the month was dominated by a coastal low centered to the south of Quintero, which resulted in prevailing northerly flow (or weak southerlies) and a deep cloud-topped marine boundary layer. After a 2-3-day transition, the latter collapsed, and a clear-sky regime ensued, which was characterized by a shallow boundary layer and strong southerly winds during the daytime that lasted until the end of the campaign. By using proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) at a high temporal resolution (1 s), we measured high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during air quality episodes in real time. The episodes detected were associated with different prevailing meteorological regimes, suggesting that different point sources were involved. In the first episode, propene/cyclopropane, butenes, benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene/xylenes were associated with north and northwesterly weak winds. Complaints associated with hydrocarbon odor were reported. The pollution originated from industrial and petrochemical units located to the north of Quintero, which transport and store natural gas, liquified petroleum gas and oil. The second episode was linked to an oil refinery located south of our measurement site. In this case, high levels of phenol, furan and cresols occurred under strong southwesterly winds. During this event, headaches and dizziness were reported. By contrast, the levels of other aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene/xylenes) were lower than in the first air pollution episode.

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This paper aims to unpack the relational dimension of place and placemaking by analysing how creative actions underpin relational values towards socio-spatial restoration in the sacrifice zone affecting the communities of Quintero and Puchuncaví (QPSZ) in Chile. Sacrifice zones are places permanently subject to environmental damage and lack of environmental regulation. For affected populations in environmentally degraded areas, creative actions such as murals, music, and street performances have become a way to re-establish connections both among humans, and between humans and the environment. To date, little has been theorized on this connection. With this in mind, we use network analysis to analyze which and how relational values are mobilized by artistic actions, and to examine ensuing socio-spatial transformations. Drawing insights from 35 interviews with activists, artists, and residents in QPSZ, we observed relational effects of arts, especially in creation processes, and in representations of local elements and life histories. The materiality of artistic practices raised as a force of placemaking, and so did artistic spaces as promoters of networking and social cohesion, essential for socio-spatial restoration. By bringing together insights from aesthetic politics, human geography, and relational values, this paper contributes to the emerging literature on art committed to tackling socio-environmental crises, and to political-ecological theories on the transformation of degraded areas. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01252-6.

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Resumen La fusión de identidad consiste en un sentimiento de unión con un grupo, en el que el individuo experimenta una mezcla entre su identidad personal y la social; y es un buen predictor de la conducta extrema progrupo. El presente estudio analizó la estructura factorial de la Escala verbal de fusión de identidad elaborada por Gómez et al. (2011), en una muestra chilena. Se utilizó una muestra universitaria seleccionada por conveniencia de 411 participantes (66% mujeres) con una edad media de 24.45 años (DT = 5.89). Se analizó el ajuste unifactorial y bifactorial de la Escala a través del análisis factorial, y las respectivas confiabilidades. Los resultados indicaron un buen y mejor ajuste del modelo bifactorial (χ 2/gl = 3.34, p < .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .957, SRMR = .030, y RMSEA = .085), por sobre el unifactorial, que no mostró un buen ajuste (χ 2/gl = 5.26, p < .001, CFI = .946, TLI = .919, SRMR = .042, y RMSEA = .116). Ambos modelos contaron con altas confiabilidades (> .800). Se discutió sobre el mejor ajuste de la estructura bifactorial en relación con estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, España y población inmigrante en Chile. Se proyecta la necesidad de futuros estudios que incorporen otros análisis de validez y superen la limitación del presente estudio asociada al uso de una muestra no representativa.

Abstract Identity fusion consists in a form alignment with a group and is a significant predictor of extreme pro-group behavior. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the verbal scale of identity fusion developed by Gómez et al. (2011), in a Chilean sample. A Chilean university sample by convenience of 411 participants (66% women) with a mean age of 24.45 years (SD = 5.89) was used. One-factor and two-factor fit of the scale was analyzed through factor analysis, and the respective reliabilities. The results indicated a good and better fit of the two-factor (χ2/gl = 3.34, p < .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .957, SRMR = .030, and RMSEA = .085), than the one-factor model, which did not show a good fit (χ2/gl = 5.26, p < .001, CFI = .946, TLI = .919, SRMR = .042, and RMSEA = .116). Both models had high reliabilities (> .800). The better fit of the two-factor structure was discussed in relation to studies conducted in the United States, Spain, and an immigrant population in Chile. The need for future studies incorporating other validity analyses and overcoming the limitation of the present study associated with the use of a non-representative sample is projected.

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Mesoporous carbon (MC) derived from cassava starch was used to remove Acid Blue 113 azo dye from aqueous solutions. The influence of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the adsorbent dose was investigated in a set of batch experiments. Experimental data showed that Acid Blue 113 adsorption was higher in the acid pH range than in the alkaline one, that dye adsorption increases when the ionic strength and temperature increase, and that adsorption results presented a good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of MC was 295 mg g-1, at pH = 7.0 and 298 K, respectively. Zeta potential (ζ) showed the compression of the diffuse double layer of adsorbent with an increase in temperature and ionic strength, promoting the decrease of electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged surface of the carbon particles and the anionic dye. Thermodynamic results demonstrate that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, for the first time, this work has demonstrated that the pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the aqueous medium are also able to change the surface charge of carbon-based adsorbents and surely influence the adsorption capacity. Finally, the regeneration of the adsorbent by the photo-Fenton reaction regenerated the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without generating secondary pollution to the environment.

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Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that have reported the use of identity fusion theory. The review followed guidelines and recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The following databases were used Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO and JSTORE databases. Empirical studies were selected, in Spanish and English that were published between 2009 and 2018. 52 articles were found that met the selection criteria. Most studies give evidence that identity fusion is a strong predictor of extreme sacrifice behaviors by the group. Likewise, identity fusion has generally been associated with variables such as: identification with the group, group commitment, perceived social support, loyalty even in ostracized conditions, feelings, affects and emotions towards the group, perception of kinship, among other. Its implications and limitations are discussed.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios empíricos que han reportado el uso de la teoría de fusión de identidad. Para esto, la revisión siguió los lineamientos y recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO y JSTORE. En total, se revisaron 52 estudios empíricos, en español y en inglés, publicados entre los años 2009 y 2018, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. La mayoría de los estudios dan evidencia de que la fusión de identidad es un fuerte predictor de conductas extremas de sacrificio por el grupo, y también, se ha asociado generalmente a variables como la identificación con el grupo, el compromiso grupal, el apoyo social percibido, la lealtad incluso en condiciones de ostracismo, los sentimientos, afectos y emociones hacia el grupo, y la percepción de parentesco, entre otras. Al final se discuten sus implicaciones y limitaciones.

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Termite societies are abundant in the tropics, and are therefore exposed to multiple enemies and predators, especially during foraging activity. Soldiers constitute a specialized defensive caste, although workers also participate in this process, and even display suicidal behavior, which is the case with the species Neocapritermes braziliensis. Here we describe the morphology, mechanisms of action, and proteomics of the salivary weapon in workers of this species, which due to the autothysis of the salivary glands causes their body rupture, in turn releasing a defensive secretion, observed during aggressiveness bioassays. Salivary glands are paired, composed of two translucent reservoirs, ducts and a set of multicellular acini. Histological and ultrastructural techniques showed that acini are composed of two types of central cells, and small parietal cells located in the acinar periphery. Type I central cells were abundant and filled with a large amount of secretion, while type II central cells were scarce and presented smaller secretion. Parietal cells were often paired and devoid of secretion. The gel-free proteomic approach (shotgun) followed by mass spectrometry revealed 235 proteins in the defensive secretion, which were classified into functional groups: (i) toxins and defensins, (ii) folding/conformation and post-translational modifications, (iii) salivary gland detoxification, (iv) housekeeping proteins and (v) uncharacterized and hypothetical proteins. We highlight the occurrence of neurotoxins previously identified in arachnid venoms, which are novelties for termite biology, and contribute to the knowledge regarding the defense strategies developed by termite species from the Neotropical region.

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RESUMEN Este estudio se realizó para determinar la presencia de estrés en bovinos antes de su sacrificio en situaciones de carga, transporte, descarga, privación de agua y alimento durante la movilización y espera en el corral en condiciones de hacinamiento y a la intemperie. Las muestras fueron cinco bovinos de 40 meses en promedio, machos castrados, de raza criolla San Martinero, que fueron transportados a lo largo de 144 Km, por vía terrestre, desde la finca ubicada en Acacias, departamento del Meta, hasta la planta de sacrificio del Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos ICTA en Bogotá. Los indicadores de estrés se identificaron mediante diferencias de valores de temperatura corporal, frecuencia cardiaca y frecuencia respiratoria (en adelante constantes fisiológicas), que fueron monitoreadas durante 20 minutos en tiempos: previo a la carga de los animales en finca, y a la llegada al matadero (justo después de ser transportados). La señal cardiaca del bovino fue capturada y procesada a través de una cincha, y transmitida mediante un sistema de radiotelemetría que fue diseñado y construido en el proyecto. Los resultados evidencian captura de información a una tasa de muestreo de cuatro millones de muestras por segundo y comunicación inalámbrica en tiempo real, lo que hizo que no se perdiera información de las variaciones de la señal cardiaca del bovino y recepción de información desde cualquier punto de la planta de sacrificio.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to determine the presence of stress in cattle prior to slaughter in situations such as loading, transporting, unloading, water and food deprivation during mobilization and waiting in the corral in overcrowded and inclement conditions. Samples were five bovines with ages of 40 months on average, castrated males, from the San Martinero criolla breed, which were transported along 144 Km, by land, from the farm located in Acacias, department of Meta, to the ICTA slaughter plant in Bogotá. The stress indicators were identified by differences in body temperature, heart rate and respiration frequency (hereinafter-physiological constants), which were monitored for 20 minutes at the time: prior to loading the animals on the farm, and upon arrival at the slaughterhouse (just after being transported). The bovine cardiac signal was captured and processed through a girth, and was transmitted via a radio telemetry system that was designed and built in the project. The results show data capture at a sample rate of four million samples per second and wireless communication in real time, which meant that no information was lost on the variations of the bovine heart signal and reception of information from any point of the slaughter plant.

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Introducción: el cuidado responsable de una mascota es la condición por la cual una persona asume la responsabilidad de brindar los cuidados necesarios al animal de compañía, entre los cuales deben contemplarse una alimentación adecuada, vivienda, refugio, atención de salud y afecto. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de cuidado responsable de mascotas por parte de los niños. Población, material y métodos: luego de obtener consentimiento informado de los padres, y con anuencia de las autoridades escolares, fueron encuestados estudiantes del tercer ciclo de enseñanza escolar básica de escuelas públicas y privadas, del área urbana en los meses de septiembre a diciembre del 2016. Para ello se utilizó encuestas auto administradas en el colegio, en presencia de los profesores. Resultados: ingresaron 191 niños, 62% poseían canidos. El 47% de los animales habitan dentro de la vivienda, 95 % son bien alimentados, 77% posee hábitat propio, 78% son vacunados de forma regular, la prevalencia de abandono fue 9,3%, 23% de los niños presenciaron maltrato contra el animal. Conclusión: la situación encontrada en cuanto a la sanitación, vacunación, recreación, fue bastante alentadora. Deben realizarse esfuerzos para disminuir el maltrato en los animales

Introduction: the responsible care of pets the condition for which a person assumes the responsibility of providing the necessary care to the pet, among which should be considered adequate food, housing, shelter, health care and affection. Objective: to know the prevalence of responsible pet care by children. Population, material and methods: after obtaining informed consent from the parents, and with the consent of the school authorities, students of the third cycle of basic school education of public and private schools, from the urban area in the months of September to December, were surveyed. 2016. For this, self- administered surveys were used in the school, in the presence of the teachers. Results: 191 children entered, 62% had canids. 47% of the animals live inside the house, 95% are well fed, 77% have their own habitat, 78% are vaccinated regularly, the prevalence of abandonment was 9.3%, 23% of the children witnessed abuse against the animal. Conclusion: the situation found in terms of sanitation, vaccination, recreation, was quite encouraging. Efforts should be made to reduce mistreatment in animals

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A visceral feeling of oneness with a group - identity fusion - has proven to be a stronger predictor of pro-group behaviours than other measures of group bonding, such as group identification. However, the relationship between identity fusion, other group alignment measures and their different roles in predicting pro-group behaviour is still controversial. Here, we test whether identity fusion is related to, but different from, unidimensional and multidimensional measures of group identification. We also show that identity fusion explains further variance of the endorsement of pro-group behaviour than these alternative measures and examine the structural and discriminant properties of identity fusion and group identification measures in three different contexts: nationality, religion, and football fandom. Finally, we extend the fusion literature to a new culture: Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research explicitly addressing a comparison between these two forms of group alignment, identity fusion and identification with a group, and their role in predicting pro-group behaviours.

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El presente artículo se propone analizar los diversos sentidos que un grupo de nadadores master otorgan a la noción nativa de sacrificio y los modos en que, a través de ella, se configuran moralidades y prácticas específicas. Se buscará profundizar en la especificidad del caso de la natación master, donde las representaciones se encuentran atravesadas no sólo por las dimensiones económicas y corporales, sino que juega un rol fundamental la dimensión etaria. Prestando especial atención a los modos en que, a partir del trabajo y del esfuerzo corporal, los nadadores incorporan una ética del sacrificio que da cuenta de un universo moral particular, a través del cual se construyen fronteras simbólicas y distinciones sociales que nos permitirán preguntar por el modo en que el sacrificio opera como particularidad de clase en la práctica deportiva de este grupo en particular(AU)

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar os diversos sentidos que um grupo de nadadores máster concede à noção nativa de sacrifício e os modos em que através dela se configuram moralidades e práticas específicas. Buscar-se-á aprofundar a especificidade do caso da natação máster, em que as representações se encontram permeadas não apenas pelas dimensões econômicas e corporais, mas também pela dimensão etária, que exerce um papel fundamental. Será dada especial atenção à maneira como, a partir do trabalho e do esforço corporal, os nadadores incorporam uma ética do sacrifício que dá conta de um universo moral particular. Nesse universo se constroem fronteiras simbólicas e distinções sociais que nos permitirão perguntar pelo modo em que o sacrifício opera como particularidade de classe na prática esportiva desse grupo particular(AU)

This article analyzes the distinct meanings ascribed by a group of master swimmers to the native notion of sacrifice and the ways moralities and specific practices are set through it. It will look further into the particular case of master swimming, where representations are crossed not only by economic and physical dimensions, but also by age. It pays particular attention to the ways in which swimmers, through work and physical effort, incorporate an ethic of sacrifice that accounts for a particular moral universe, through which symbolic boundaries and social distinctions are built that enable us to ask about the way sacrifice operates as a class sign in the sport practice of that particular group(AU)

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El objetivo fue determinar el comportamiento de las variables fisicoquímicas y microbiologías durante la maduración de la carne de cuy (Cavia porcellus), utilizando dos métodos de insensibilización (desnucamiento y electronarcosis). La investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de la Universidad de Nariño y se utilizaron 24 animales: 12 para cada método. Los animales ayunaron 12 h antes del sacrificio y las canales se maduraron en refrigeración (2 a 4°C) durante 24 h. Se determinaron las variables pH, acidez, temperatura, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), conductibilidad eléctrica (CE) y pérdida de agua en refrigeración cada 4 h. Se evaluaron los parámetros microbiológicos coliformes totales y fecales a las 0, 16 y 24 h, además de Listeria sp. y la presencia de antibióticos (sulfamidas) al inicio de la maduración. Para detectar diferencia entre métodos de insensibilización para las variables fisicoquímicas se utilizó un diseño de medidas repetidas en el tiempo; para las demás variables se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Los resultados mostraron que el mejor tiempo de maduración fue a las 16 horas, con un pH promedio de 5,42, acidez de 0,272 % y CRA de 12,73. Además, las variables microbiológicas estuvieron por debajo de la norma vigente garantizando la inocuidad de la carne evaluada. No se observó diferencia estadísticas entre métodos de insensibilización y los resultados de antibióticos fueron negativos. Se concluye que el tiempo adecuado de maduración para la carne de cuy fue de 16 horas sin diferencias en el método de insensibilización.

The objective was to determine the behavior of the physicochemical and microbiological during ripening of meat of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) variables, using two methods of desensitization (whiplash and electric stun). The research was conducted in the laboratories of the University of Narino and 24 animals were used: 12 for each method. 12h fast animals before slaughter and channels matured under refrigeration (2-4°C) for 24 h. the variables pH, acidity, temperature, water retention capacity (WRC), electrical conductivity (EC) and cooling water loss every 4 hours were determined. Total coliforms and fecal parameters were evaluated at 0, 16 and 24 h, plus Listeria sp. and presence of antibiotics (sulfonamides) at the start of ripening. To detect difference between desensitization methods for physicochemical variables repeated measures design was used in time; whereas for the other variables descriptive statistics were used. The results showed that the best time to maturity was at 16 hours, with an average pH of 5.42, 0.272% acidity and CRA of 12.73. Further, microbiological variables were below the current standard guaranteeing the safety of meat assessed. No statistical difference was observed between desensitization methods and results were negative antibiotics. It is concluded that the proper ripening time for guinea pig meat was 16 hours without differences in the method of desensitization.

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O presente texto trata de configurações corporais que desafiam a autonomia do indivíduo característica do Ocidente moderno. À estabilização do indivíduo e seus decorrentes pressupostos metafísicos, tais como a distinção entre natureza e cultura, serão contrapostos modos de hibridização, de composição e de recomposição de corpos que apontam para distintos estatutos ontológicos do humano. O artigo explora sobretudo os regimes corporais ameríndios, potencialmente conectáveis com outros que produzem linhas de fuga e complexidades alternativas à moderna.

This paper approaches the bodily configurations that challenge the individual autonomy, which is typical of the modern West. Ways of hybridization, composition, and re-composition of bodies that point to distinct human ontological statuses are going to be a counterpoint to the individual stabilization and its consequent metaphysical assumptions, such as the nature-culture dichotomy. This paper particularly examines the Amerindian bodily regimes, which may be connected to others that produce vanishing lines and alternative complexities to the modern (complexity).

El presente texto aborda las configuraciones corporales que desafían la autonomía del individuo característica del Occidente moderno. A la estabilización del individuo y sus resultantes hipótesis metafísicas, tales como la distinción naturaleza y cultura, serán contrapuestos métodos de hibridación, de composición y de recomposición de cuerpos que señalan hacia distintos estatutos ontológicos del humano. El artículo explora principalmente los regímenes corporales amerindios, potencialmente conectables con otros que producen líneas de escape y complejidades alternativas a la moderna.

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Se examinaron los pulmones de 582 bovinos machos tipo exportación, de razas cebuínas y diferentes procedencias, faenados en el frigorífico FrigosinÚ del municipio de Montería (Córdoba, Colombia), con la finalidad de identificar las lesiones encontradas en este órgano. El muestreo se hizo en forma sistemática durante 10 días, evaluando animales escogidos al azar. Durante el tiempo de estudio se decomisaron los pulmones de 190 animales (32,6%) con algún tipo de alteración pulmonar mientras el 67,4% no presentó lesiones macroscópicas evidentes. Estos resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, encontrándose que el enfisema intersticial fue la causa principal de decomiso en 64,7% de los animales, seguido de hemorragias (15,8%), neumonía lobar (10,5%), congestión pulmonar (8,9%) y broncoaspiración de contenido ruminal (9,0%); sin embargo, el diagnóstico histopatológico no fue contemplado en este estudio y, por lo tanto, el diagnóstico presuntivo se estableció según las lesiones macroscópicas. Se concluyó que la mayoría de las alteraciones encontradas en los pulmones decomisados obedece a fallas en el proceso de insensibilización y sacrificio de los animales, aunque no se pueden descartar problemas infecciosos.

The aim of this study was identify lesions found in lungs in 582 male bovine type export of Zebu breed, from different origins and slaughtered in the refrigerator Frigosinu in the municipality of Montería (Córdoba, Colombia). Sampling was conducted for 10 days systematically and selection of animals for evaluation was made randomly. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. During the study, lungs of 190 animals were found with some form of lung lesion, which corresponded to 32.6%. 67.4% of the sampled animals showed no obvious macroscopic alterations. Interstitial emphysema was the main cause of the confiscation, were observed in 64.7% of the animals, followed by hemorrhages (15.8%), lobar pneumonia (10.5%), pulmonary congestion (8.9%) and broncoaspiration of ruminal content (9.0%). However, the histopathologic diagnosis was not done in this study; therefore, presumptive diagnosis according to macroscopic lesions was established. Macroscopic analysis of the lungs evaluated, suggests that most of the alterations found in the lungs was due to flaws in the process of stunning and slaughter of animals, but can not be discard infectious problems in some alterations.

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É sempre, a posteriori, na situação de atendimento prestado à vítima, que se desvenda a dimensão sexual das agressões introduzidas na tortura. No caso de Tito de Alencar, que aqui revisitamos, os tratamentos que ele recebeu durante seu exílio na França revelaram o grau de dominação sexual ao qual o delegado Fleury o submeteu. Sem dúvida, a sexualidade, como demonstrou Freud, acompanha sempre a violência, sendo um ingrediente natural desta última, mas o ato de tortura sobredetermina essa relação. O próprio torturador não escapa desse processo. É sob seu efeito que sua conduta destrutiva se radicaliza. Ele rompe, dessa forma, com o fundamento do "estar junto", que condiciona a instauração do humano, e reduz sua vítima ao status de sub-homem.(AU)

When it comes to provide care to a victim of torture, it always takes a while to figure out the sexual aspect of the agressions (i.e., the sexual aspect is always unveiled a posteriori). In this paper, we revisit Tito de Alencar case. While Tito Alencar was exiled in France, he received therapeutic treatments in which it was revealed the level of sexual domination that sheriff Fleury imposed to him. As Freud demonstrated, there is no doubt that sexuality and violence always come together. Sexuality is a natural ingredient of violence, but the act of torturing overdetermines this relation. The torturer himself - or herself - does not stay out of this process. The torturer's destructive behavior becomes radical under this effect. Thus, he breaks with the aspect of "being together", which conditions the formation of the human subject, and relegates the victim to a subhuman status.(AU)

Es siempre a posteriori, cuando se le presta asistencia a la víctima, que se desvenda la dimensión sexual de las agresiones utilizadas en la tortura. En el caso de Tito de Alencar, revisitado en este texto, los tratamientos que recibió durante su exilio en Francia revelaron el grado de dominación sexual al cual el comisario Fleury lo había sometido. La sexualidad, como demostró Freud, acompaña siempre a la violencia siendo un ingrediente natural de ésta última; pero el acto de tortura sobredetermina esa relación. El propio torturador no escapa de ese proceso. Sobre su efecto, su conducta destructiva se hace radical. Rompe con el fundamento de "estar con" que condiciona la instauración de lo humano, reduciendo su víctima al estatus de sub-hombre.(AU)

C'est toujours après coup dans la situation soignante accordée à la victime que se dévoile la dimension sexuelle des sévices engagés dans la torture. Dans le cas de Tito de Alencar qu'on revisite ici, les soins qu'il reçut pendant son exil en France révélèrent le degré d'assujettissement sexuel auquel le commissaire Fleury le soumit. Certes la sexualité ainsi que le montra Freud accompagne toujours la violence elle en est un ingrédient naturel mais l'acte tortionnaire surdéterminé ce rapport. Le tortionnaire lui même n'y échappe pas, c'est sous son effet que sa conduite destructrice se radicalise. Il rompt ainsi le fondement de l'être ensemble qui conditionne l'instauration de l'humain et réduit sa victime au statut de sous homme.(AU)

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O presente artigo consiste em uma leitura, a partir de textos de George Bataille, sobre as temáticas do pecado e do sacrifício, aborda desde uma compreensão religiosa até a constatação da importância dessas operações no laço social, e as articula com questões contemporâneas sobre o corpo e com o discurso corrente. (AU)

This article consists of a reading from George Bataille texts on the themes of sin and sacrifice, considered from a religious understanding to the realization of the importance of these operations in the social bond, and articulates with contemporary issues about the body and the current discourse. (AU)

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É sempre, a posteriori, na situação de atendimento prestado à vítima, que se desvenda a dimensão sexual das agressões introduzidas na tortura. No caso de Tito de Alencar, que aqui revisitamos, os tratamentos que ele recebeu durante seu exílio na França revelaram o grau de dominação sexual ao qual o delegado Fleury o submeteu. Sem dúvida, a sexualidade, como demonstrou Freud, acompanha sempre a violência, sendo um ingrediente natural desta última, mas o ato de tortura sobredetermina essa relação. O próprio torturador não escapa desse processo. É sob seu efeito que sua conduta destrutiva se radicaliza. Ele rompe, dessa forma, com o fundamento do "estar junto", que condiciona a instauração do humano, e reduz sua vítima ao status de sub-homem...

When it comes to provide care to a victim of torture, it always takes a while to figure out the sexual aspect of the agressions (i.e., the sexual aspect is always unveiled a posteriori). In this paper, we revisit Tito de Alencar case. While Tito Alencar was exiled in France, he received therapeutic treatments in which it was revealed the level of sexual domination that sheriff Fleury imposed to him. As Freud demonstrated, there is no doubt that sexuality and violence always come together. Sexuality is a natural ingredient of violence, but the act of torturing overdetermines this relation. The torturer himself - or herself - does not stay out of this process. The torturer's destructive behavior becomes radical under this effect. Thus, he breaks with the aspect of "being together", which conditions the formation of the human subject, and relegates the victim to a subhuman status...

Es siempre a posteriori, cuando se le presta asistencia a la víctima, que se desvenda la dimensión sexual de las agresiones utilizadas en la tortura. En el caso de Tito de Alencar, revisitado en este texto, los tratamientos que recibió durante su exilio en Francia revelaron el grado de dominación sexual al cual el comisario Fleury lo había sometido. La sexualidad, como demostró Freud, acompaña siempre a la violencia siendo un ingrediente natural de ésta última; pero el acto de tortura sobredetermina esa relación. El propio torturador no escapa de ese proceso. Sobre su efecto, su conducta destructiva se hace radical. Rompe con el fundamento de "estar con" que condiciona la instauración de lo humano, reduciendo su víctima al estatus de sub-hombre...

C'est toujours après coup dans la situation soignante accordée à la victime que se dévoile la dimension sexuelle des sévices engagés dans la torture. Dans le cas de Tito de Alencar qu'on revisite ici, les soins qu'il reçut pendant son exil en France révélèrent le degré d'assujettissement sexuel auquel le commissaire Fleury le soumit. Certes la sexualité ainsi que le montra Freud accompagne toujours la violence elle en est un ingrédient naturel mais l'acte tortionnaire surdéterminé ce rapport. Le tortionnaire lui même n'y échappe pas, c'est sous son effet que sa conduite destructrice se radicalise. Il rompt ainsi le fondement de l'être ensemble qui conditionne l'instauration de l'humain et réduit sa victime au statut de sous homme...

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Protection against predators and competitors is one of the main concerns of termite colonies, which developed a specialised defensive caste, the soldiers. However, soldiers are rare or even missing in several lineages of termites, while workers often develop new defence strategies especially in soil-feeding species. Here, we describe the morphology and ultrastructure of the autothysis-associated glands of Neocapritermes taracua workers and report their age-related changes in structure. The defensive glands of N. taracua workers consist of a pair of labial and a pair of crystal glands, whose secretions mix together through autothysis. Autothysis always occurs at the line of weakness connecting the anterior parts of the crystal-bearing pouches. The crystal glands consist of groups of bicellular secretory units (secretory and corresponding canal cells) which secrete the blue crystal material into external pouches. Their secretory activity is maximal in the middle of worker life, and is considerably lower in very young and old workers. The labial glands are composed of two types of secretory cells: the central and the parietal cells. While the central cells are developed similarly to other termites and secrete proteinaceous secretion into labial gland ducts, the parietal cells develop proteinaceous granules which may eventually bud off the cells. The secretory function of parietal cells is so far unique to N. taracua and differs from other termite species in which they are only responsible of water uptake by acini. The defensive device of N. taracua is truly exceptional as it involves a new gland and a previously undescribed function for parietal cells, being a remarkable example of evolution of morphological innovation.

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Segundo dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), 700 jovens morrem diariamente ao redor do mundo em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito (AT). O objetivo deste artigo é lançar um olhar sobre o fenômeno coletivo do AT que acomete a população jovem mundo afora, com a intenção de tecer uma compreensão simbólica do fenômeno que vá além dos índices de incidência e prevalência. Por meio de breve análise da sociedade contemporânea e do jovem, e de inferências simbólicas do ato de dirigir no imaginário coletivo, os ATs são percebidos como um sintoma social decorrente da negação da necessidade arquetípica do rito sacrificial. O alto índice de mortalidade de jovens é percebido como um sintoma recorrente da associação do complexo de poder associado ao complexo paterno. (AU)

According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, 700 youngsters die every day around the world in traffic accidents. This article aims to have a glance on the collective traffic accident (TA) phenomenon that affects young population worldwide that goes beyond the incidence and prevalence rates in order to reach a symbolic understanding of it. By briefly analyzing contemporary society and youngsters through symbolic inferences on driving in collective imagery, TAs are perceived as a social symptom that results of the denial of the archetypical need of sacrificial rites. The high mortality rate among young people is perceived as a recurrent symptom of the association of power complex with paternal complex. (AU)

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