RESUMO
Viruses are an important disease source for beans. In order to evaluate the impact of virus disease on Phaseolus biodiversity, we determined the identity and distribution of viruses infecting wild and domesticated Phaseolus spp. in the Mesoamerican Center of Domestication (MCD) and the western state of Nayarit, Mexico. We used small RNA sequencing and assembly to identify complete or near-complete sequences of forty-seven genomes belonging to nine viral species of five genera, as well as partial sequences of two putative new endornaviruses and five badnavirus- and pararetrovirus-like sequences. The prevalence of viruses in domesticated beans was significantly higher than in wild beans (97% vs. 19%; p < 0.001), and all samples from domesticated beans were positive for at least one virus species. In contrast, no viruses were detected in 80-83% of the samples from wild beans. The Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus were the most prevalent viruses in wild and domesticated beans. Nevertheless, Cowpea mild mottle virus, transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has the potential to emerge as an important pathogen because it is both seed-borne and a non-persistently transmitted virus. Our results provide insights into the distribution of viruses in cultivated and wild Phaseolus spp. and will be useful for the identification of emerging viruses and the development of strategies for bean viral disease management in a center of diversity.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Domesticação , Phaseolus/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/classificação , Coinfecção , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Biblioteca Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Vírus de Plantas/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the main risk factors associated with the progression to severe disease or death have been typically advanced age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, and chronic pneumopathy. Because of their immunosuppression status, persons with HIV were also expected to have a higher susceptibility to infection or a poor clinical evolution. So far, this has not been confirmed to happen, giving way to hypotheses about the role of immunosuppression or the use of antiretrovirals, which could explain this paradox. In this article we present the existing data on the epidemiology and characteristics of HIV-COVID-19 co-infection, discuss the available evidence on the possible factors involved in the evolution of individuals affected by both viruses, analyze other determinants that may negatively affect persons with HIV during the pandemic, and present recommendations for the prevention and care of COVID-19 infection in the context of HIV.
Resumen A través de la pandemia por COVID-19, los factores de riesgo que se han asociado con progresión a enfermedad severa o muerte han sido característicamente la edad avanzada, diabetes mellitus, obesidad, hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía y neumopatía crónica. Por su condición de inmunosupresión, se esperaba que las personas viviendo con VIH (PVV) también presentaran una mayor susceptibilidad a la infección o una pobre evolución clínica. Hasta el momento no se ha confirmado que esto suceda, dando paso a hipótesis sobre el papel de la inmunodepresión o el uso de antirretrovirales, que podrían explicar esta paradoja. En este artículo presentamos la información que existe hasta el momento sobre la epidemiología y características de la coinfección VIH/COVID-19, discutiendo la evidencia disponible sobre los posibles factores implicados en la evolución de los individuos afectados por ambos virus, analizamos otros determinantes que pueden afectar de forma negativa a las PVV durante la pandemia y presentamos recomendaciones para la prevención y el cuidado de la infección por COVID-19 en el contexto de VIH.