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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on bond strength and interface quality of different canal drying protocols in roots filled with Bio-C Sealer (BCS; Angelus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil). METHODS: Ninety-six roots of upper canines were prepared with an R50 file (Reciproc; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA under ultrasonic agitation. Roots were divided according to the drying protocol as follows: dry, the White Mac tip (Ultradent, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil) for 5 seconds followed by aspiration with a capillary tip for 5 seconds and paper points; slightly moist, the White Mac tip followed by capillary aspiration without paper points; wet, the White Mac tip followed by a single paper point. The roots were filled with BCS or AH Plus (AHP; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (n = 16) and sectioned for the push-out test after 3 months. Failure modes were assessed, and the interface morphology was analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. After 6 months, the other half of the roots were evaluated. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance/Tukey test at 5%. The chi-square test was used in the failure analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis/Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner for interface analysis. RESULTS: The AHP-filled roots had the highest bond strength when the canal was dried (P < .05). No difference was found for periods (P > .05). For BCS, the highest bond strength was found in the slightly moist canals (P < .05). A predominance of adhesive failures was observed. The dried canals filled with AHP had the highest percentage of good adaptation, whereas BCS had no difference. CONCLUSIONS: The best drying protocol for AHP is using the White Mac tip followed by capillary tip aspiration and paper points until complete dryness, and for BCS, it is using the White Mac tip followed by capillary aspiration without paper points.

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INTRODUCTION: This study compared the intensity of postobturation pain after unintentional apical extrusion of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer [Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA] and Bio-C Sealer [Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil]) with a resin-based sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA). METHODS: A total of 330 patients referred for root canal treatment on molar teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were recruited. Root canals were prepared using WaveOne Gold instruments (Dentsply Sirona) in a crown-down technique and irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gel and saline solution. Next, patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to the root canal sealer used (n = 110): AH Plus, BC Sealer, and Bio-C Sealer. Root canal filling was then accomplished with a vertical compaction technique. Patients presenting with an unintentional extrusion of sealers (n = 13/group) were assessed for postobturation pain experience using a visual descriptor scale ranging from 0-10 at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hour and 1-week intervals after treatment. Mixed analysis of variance repeated measures were used to assess the results (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The extrusion rate was similar for all sealers (~12%). There was no significant difference in the postobturation pain results between the root canal sealers evaluated (P > .05). However, after the time interval of 12 hours, AH Plus (P = .04073) and Bio-C Sealer (P = .04327) demonstrated a significant reduction in pain, whereas BC Sealer did not show differences in pain intensity, even in the maximum period evaluated of 1 week (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of unintentional apical extrusion of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers presents similar postoperative pain results compared with resin-based sealers with low-intensity pain.

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INTRODUCTION: The endodontic sealers are essential for three-dimensional root canal obturation. The sealers are based on epoxy resin, AH Plus and bioceramic sealers, Bio-C Sealer and BioRoot RCS, which are bioactive materials due to the ability to cause a specific biologic reaction in integration with the receptor tissue, with a pH of 12,5. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro, the capacity of different endodontic sealers to modify the pH of the solution in which they are immersed, at different time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen samples of sealers were prepared and placed into holes of blister packs, which set for 24 hours in store at 37 degrees Celsius. Then, each sample was immersed in sterile plastic bottles with 30 millimeters of physiological solution. Samples were divided into three groups(n=5) according to the sealer: 1) BioRoot RCS, 2) Bio-C Sealer and 3) AHPlus. The pH measurements were performed in different periods of time with a digital pH meter: immediate, 40 min, 24 and 48 hs, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. Data were made by means of the Variance Analysis Test with repeated measurements. RESULTS: The pH of AH Plus did not change during the experience. At 24 hs, both bioceramic sealers increased medium pH up to alkaline value, which was maintained with BioRoot sealer (mean 11,54) until 30 days. At 7 days, the pH of the medium with Bio-C Sealer started decreasing. Evolution of sealers pH along the time revealed statistical significant difference (p<0,001). CONCLUSION: AH Plus sealer did not modifie the pH of the medium Both bioceramic sealers increased the pH, reaching to the maximum alkaline value at 7 days, which was maintained with BioRoot RCS and lightly decreased with Bio-C Sealer at 30 days.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El uso de selladores en la obturación endodóntica es fundamental para lograr un sellado tridimensional del conducto radicular. Según su composición, se presentan selladores a base de resina epóxica, como el AH Plus y de biocerámico, como Bio-C Sealer y BioRoot RCS, siendo considerados los últimos como materialesbioactivos, por su capacidad de promover una reacción biológica específica sobre el tejido receptor, por la liberación de calcio y pH alcalino OBJETIVO: Evaluar, in vitro la capacidad de diferentes selladores endodónticos para modificar el pH de la solución en la cual son inmersos, en distintos períodos de tiempo. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Se prepararon 15 probetas de sellador en un molde de plástico. Se dejaron fraguar 24 hs en estufa a 37° C y posteriormente, cada una fue inmersa en un frasco consolución fisiológica. La muestra se dividió en tres grupos (n=5) según el sellador: 1) BioRoot RCS, 2) Bio-C Sealer y 3) AHPlus. Se determinó el pH de la solución de cada grupo en diferentes períodos de tiempo: inmediato, 40 min, 24 y 48 hs, 7, 14, 21 y 30 días. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante Análisis de Varianza con Medidas Repetidas (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: El sellador AH Plus mantuvo constante el pH del medio durante toda la experiencia. Ambos selladores biocerámicos elevaron el pH del medio hasta llegar a ser alcalino (11,2 y 11,5) a las 24 hs, el cual se mantuvo para el grupo BioRoot RCS hasta los 30 días, con un pH promedio de 11.5. Mientras que, a partir de los 7 días, en el grupoBio-C Sealer comenzó a descender el pH del medio. La evolución del pH a lo largo del tiempo arrojó diferencias significativas entre los distintos selladores evaluados (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Bajo las condiciones del presente estudio, AH Plus no modificó el pH del medio y ambos selladores biocerámicos elevaron el pH, alcanzado su máximo valor de alcalinidad a los 7 días; a partir de los cuales, BioRoot RCS mantuvo el pH elevado del medio y con Bio-C Sealer se observó un ligero descenso del pH hasta los 30 días.

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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effect of residual substances derived from irrigant solutions and intracanal medications on the rheological properties of a silicone, gutta-percha, and bioactive glass-based sealer in comparison with an epoxy resin-based sealer. METHODS: Thin films of contaminants (0.5 µL) (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX], 17% EDTA, calcium hydroxide, 40% citric acid, or distilled water [DW]) were applied along with freshly mixed GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB; Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) or AH Plus Jet (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) on the lower plate of a dynamic rheometer. Rheological measurements were performed in oscillating mode at the strain amplitude, angular frequency, and constant temperature of 0.01%, 10 rad/s, and 37°C, respectively. Samples without contaminants served as controls. All measurements were performed 5 times. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to analyze the results (P < .05). RESULTS: The contaminants did not alter the setting time of GFB compared with the controls; however, CHX and calcium hydroxide decreased its complex viscosity (ƞ*) (P < .05). The setting time of AH Plus Jet was increased by DW, CHX, citric acid, and EDTA (P < .05). All contaminants decreased its ƞ* at the setting point (P < .05). NaOCl led to the greatest alteration of its rheological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Irrigant solutions and intracanal medications adversely affected at least 1 of the tested rheological properties of both sealers, except for DW and 3% NaOCl, which did not alter any rheological property of GFB.

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INTRODUCTION: This study compared the bond strength, interfacial ultrastructure, and tag penetration of resin-based sealers applied to smear-free radicular dentin using 70% isopropyl alcohol as the active final rinse. METHODS: Eighty root canals were prepared and assigned to 2 groups (n = 40) according to the drying protocol: paper points or 70% isopropyl alcohol. Then, roots were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) with respect to the sealer and obturation material: AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) and gutta-percha (AH/GP), Hybrid Root SEAL (Sun Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and gutta-percha (HR/GP), Epiphany SE (Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT) and gutta-percha (EP/GP), and Epiphany SE and Resilon (EP/RS). Roots were sectioned, and the push-out test was performed. Failure modes were examined under stereomicroscopy and sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules under scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance post hoc Tukey tests with a significant level of 5%. RESULTS: Overall, canals dried with isopropyl alcohol showed significantly higher bond strength values (2.11 ± 1.74 MPa) than with paper points (1.81 ± 1.73 MPa) (P < .05). The HR/GP group showed lower bond strength than the AH/GP group (P < .05) but higher than the EP/GP and EP/RS groups (P < .05). The most frequent type of failure was cohesive in the AH/GP and HR/GP groups and adhesive in the EP/GP and EP/RS groups. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation revealed better adaptation of the adhesive interface in the AH/GP and HR/GP groups in comparison with the EP/GP and EP/RS groups. CONCLUSIONS: A final rinse with EDTA and 70% isopropyl alcohol improved the bond strength and penetration of the sealers into dentinal tubules of the root.

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