RESUMO

This study evaluated the effects of the combination of beet powder, starter culture, and sodium erythorbate as a curing agent on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of restructured cooked ham during cold storage. Five treatments were developed: the positive control group (COP) with the addition of nitrite and sodium erythorbate, negative control treatment (CON) with the addition of sodium erythorbate; ham added with beet powder (AP), ham added with beet powder and starter culture (APC), ham added with beet powder, starter culture, and sodium erythorbate (APCE). The ham's curing properties and oxidative stability were analyzed for 30 days under refrigeration. The APCE treatment showed better conversion of nitrate to nitrite at time 0 (46.6 mg/kg). The COP sample showed higher residual nitrite content at time 0 (73.1 mg/kg) and nitrosohemochrome pigment (35.67 ppm). Combining beet powder with the commercial starter culture and sodium erythorbate in the formulation of restructured cooked hams positively affected the control of lipid and protein oxidation, making it an alternative to commercial sodium nitrite. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Beetroot and arugula powders are added to the restructured cooked ham to prepare a clean-label meat product without sodium nitrite. The effects of starter culture and sodium erythorbate are also evaluated. .

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the technological and sensory properties of restructured cooked hams prepared with natural curing agents (0.5% radish powder, HRP; 3% radish juice, HRJ; and 0.5% radish pulp powder, HRPP) and with 40 and 150 mg/kg sodium nitrite (HN40 and HN150, respectively). No difference was observed for pH, proximate composition, or cooking loss. Higher residual nitrite contents were observed in the HN150, followed by the radish derivatives hams and HN40. All radish derivatives hams had a similar hue (h) color to HN40, but the h values of HRJ also did not differ from the HN150 ones. The stability of the cured color was not affected. Consumers perceived a non-characteristic aroma and flavor in the radish derivatives hams, but the HRJ had the best acceptance scores. The HRJ appearance was similar to the HN150, and the other sensory attributes were like the HN40. The potential use of radish derivatives, especially radish juice, as natural curing agents was confirmed.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the essential oils of cinnamon, cardamom, clove, oregano, and thyme and their synergism on vegetative cells and endospores of Clostridium perfringens type A inoculated in meat sausage (mortadella), as well as the influence of blends on the color, and lipid oxidation through the determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS index). The anticlostridial action of the oil blends was established. The two added oil blends (Treat. 1: oregano, clove, and thyme; Treat. 2: oregano, clove, and cinnamon) in combination with reduced nitrite content (75 ppm) promoted a lower growth of C. perfringens in mortadella stored at 15 °C for 21 days in comparison to treatments containing only 75 ppm of nitrite. The essential oil blends showed antioxidant action and did not alter food color, thus possessing potential application as a preservative for the meat products industry.

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The effects of different doses of gamma radiation (0-20kGy) on the color and lipid oxidation of mortadella prepared with increasing nitrite levels (0-300ppm) were evaluated using a central composite rotatable design. Higher radiation doses increased the redox potential, promoted the lipid oxidation and elevating the hue color of the mortadellas. Nevertheless, higher addition of sodium nitrite elevated the residual nitrite content, reduced the lipid oxidation and promoted the increase of redness and the reduce of hue color of the mortadellas, regardless of the radiation dose applied. Nitrite addition had a greater effect than irradiation on the quality parameters evaluated, and even at low levels (∼75ppm), its use decreased the deleterious effects of irradiation at doses as high as 20kGy.

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RESUMO

O nitrito age na manutenção da cor em produtos cárneos, como antioxidante, na formação do aroma e especialmente como conservante, impedindo o desenvolvimento do Clostridium botulinum. A legislação brasileira permite a adição de 0,015g/100g de nitrito de sódio ou potássio como conservante em salsichas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi a determinação do teor de nitrito residual (g por cento) em amostras de salsicha comercializadas em supermercados de Salvador-BA, totalizando 27 amostras de salsichas de ave e salsichas suína e bovina com ave. As análises foram realizadas através de método espectrofotométrico (538nm). Das 11 amostras formuladas apenas com ave Grupo 1, 5 (45,45 por cento) apresentaram valores acima de 0,015g/100g (p<0,05); das 16 amostras contendo carne suína e bovina com ave Grupo 2, 7 (43,75 por cento) apresentaram valores acima de 0,015g/100g (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os Grupos 1 e 2. Quase a metade das amostras analisadas, 44,44 por cento (p<0,05) apresentaram teores de nitrito residual acima do permitido pela legislação.(AU)

Nitrite acts maintaining color in meat products, as antioxidant, in the formation of aroma, and especially as conserver, impeding the development of Clostridium botulinum. Brazilian laws allow the utilization of 0,015g/100g of sodium nitrite or potassium as conserver in sausages. The aim of the present research was to determine the proportion of residual nitrite (g%) in 27 samples of poultry sausages and pork and bovine with poultry sausages, available on supermarkets in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; through spectrophotometric method (538nm). Besides that, it was seen that the average of the values exceeded 0,015g/1OOg. Among them; 12 (44,44%) presented quantities of residual nitrite above those allowed in law (0,015g/100g). Among the l l samples of poultry sausages - Group 1, 5 (45,45%) showed values above 0,015g/100g (p < 0,05), and among the 16 samples of pork and bovine with poultry sausages - Group 2, 7 (43,75%) exhibited values above 0,015g/100g (p < 0,005). There was no significant difference between the groups of poultry sausages and pork and bovine with poultry sausages in relationto the percentage of samples presenting proportions above the maximum quantity of nitrite permitted in law (p <0,05). Thus, the conclusion indicates that almost half of the samples examined in the work (44,44%) presented values above the limit established in Brazilian laws (p < 0,05). (AU)

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